scholarly journals The impact of copper oxide and silver nanoparticles on woody plants obtained by in vitro method

2021 ◽  
Vol 875 (1) ◽  
pp. 012048
Author(s):  
O Fedorova ◽  
T Grodetskaya ◽  
N Evtushenko ◽  
P Evlakov ◽  
A Gusev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Clonal Micropropagation ◽  
Downy Birch ◽  
Plant Microbiota ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The article substantiates the necessity of studying behaviour of copper oxide and silver nanoparticles on forest cultures (downy birch 29-58 (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) and poplar ‘Pyramidal-osokoreviy Kamyshinsky’ (Poplus pyramidalis Roz. x Poplus nigra L.) in in vitro as well as in ‘soil-plant-microbiota’ to ensure stability of forest cultures in forest regeneration. The impact of nanoparticles on shoot regeneration and propagation processes was evaluated by introducing nanoparticles into Woody Plant medium. Differences in the influence of nanoparticles on the life processes of plants depending on their concentration and the stage of clonal micropropagation have been established. The results are demonstrated by a 15-25% reduction in the frequency of infection of poplar and birch explants as well as by an increase in their regenerating potential at the stage of introduction in tissue culture. When the nanoparticle solution is used in the soil substrate, a decrease in the number of diseased plants and an increase in their survival rate of 30% can be observed. The inhibitory effect of silver nanoparticles on some ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms has been established. These results can be used in the application of CuO and Ag nanoparticles in the biotechnology of clonal micropropagation of forest crops.

scholarly journals Antibiofilm and antivirulence potential of silver nanoparticles against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helal F. Hetta ◽  
Israa M. S. Al-Kadmy ◽  
Saba Saadoon Khazaal ◽  
Suhad Abbas ◽  
Ahmed Suhail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe aimed to isolate Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) from wound infections, determine their resistance and virulence profile, and assess the impact of Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the bacterial growth, virulence and biofilm-related gene expression. AgNPs were synthesized and characterized using TEM, XRD and FTIR spectroscopy. A. baumannii (n = 200) were isolated and identified. Resistance pattern was determined and virulence genes (afa/draBC, cnf1, cnf2, csgA, cvaC, fimH, fyuA, ibeA, iutA, kpsMT II, PAI, papC, PapG II, III, sfa/focDE and traT) were screened using PCR. Biofilm formation was evaluated using Microtiter plate method. Then, the antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was evaluated by the well-diffusion method, growth kinetics and MIC determination. Inhibition of biofilm formation and the ability to disperse biofilms in exposure to AgNPs were evaluated. The effect of AgNPs on the expression of virulence and biofilm-related genes (bap, OmpA, abaI, csuA/B, A1S_2091, A1S_1510, A1S_0690, A1S_0114) were estimated using QRT-PCR. In vitro infection model for analyzing the antibacterial activity of AgNPs was done using a co-culture infection model of A. baumannii with human fibroblast skin cell line HFF-1 or Vero cell lines. A. baumannii had high level of resistance to antibiotics. Most of the isolates harbored the fimH, afa/draBC, cnf1, csgA and cnf2, and the majority of A. baumannii produced strong biofilms. AgNPs inhibited the growth of A. baumannii efficiently with MIC ranging from 4 to 25 µg/ml. A. baumannii showed a reduced growth rate in the presence of AgNPs. The inhibitory activity and the anti-biofilm activity of AgNPs were more pronounced against the weak biofilm producers. Moreover, AgNPs decreased the expression of kpsMII , afa/draBC,bap, OmpA, and csuA/B genes. The in vitro infection model revealed a significant antibacterial activity of AgNPs against extracellular and intracellular A. baumannii. AgNPs highly interrupted bacterial multiplication and biofilm formation. AgNPs downregulated the transcription level of important virulence and biofilm-related genes. Our findings provide an additional step towards understanding the mechanisms by which sliver nanoparticles interfere with the microbial spread and persistence.

Effect of Copper Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles on the Development of Tolerance to Alternaria alternata in Poplar in Vitro Clones

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-238
Author(s):  
T. A. Grodetskaia ◽  
O. A. Fedorova ◽  
P. M. Evlakov ◽  
O. Yu. Baranov ◽  
O. V. Zakharova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Effect Of Copper ◽  
Development Of Tolerance

Influence of Copper Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles on Microclonal Sprouts of Downy Birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 476-482
Author(s):  
P. M. Evlakov ◽  
O. A. Fedorova ◽  
T. A. Grodetskaya ◽  
O. V. Zakharova ◽  
A. A. Gusev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Betula Pubescens ◽  
Downy Birch ◽  
Betula Pubescens Ehrh

scholarly journals Effect of Plant Extracts on the Characteristics of Silver Nanoparticles for Topical Application

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1244
Author(s):  
Ioanna K. Siakavella ◽  
Fotini Lamari ◽  
Dimitrios Papoulis ◽  
Malvina Orkoula ◽  
Patroula Gkolfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Laser Scattering ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using hydroalcoholic extracts of dittany (Origanum dictamnus), sage (Salvia officinalis), sea buckthorn (Elaeagnus rhamnoides, syn. Hippophae rhamnoides), and calendula (Calendula officinalis) as reducing agents. AgNPs synthesized using NaBH4 and citric acid were used as control. The impact of the origin of the extract and preparation conditions (light, temperature, reaction time) on the properties of the synthesized AgNPs was investigated. The structure, morphology, composition, physicochemical characteristics, and colloidal stability were characterized using dynamic laser scattering (DLS), ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV–/Vis), XRD, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), TEM, and FTΙR. The reduction of total phenolic and flavonoid content of the extracts after the reaction of AgNPs synthesis was also determined. Low IC50 values for all types of AgNPs revealed good antioxidant activity, attributable to the phenolic and flavonoid content of their surface. The results suggest that plant extract selection is important to the green synthesis of AgNPs because it affects the kinetics of their synthesis as well as their morphology, physicochemical characteristics, and colloidal stability. In vitro permeation studies on porcine skin revealed that AgNPs remained at the upper layers of stratum corneum and did not penetrate the skin barrier after 4 h of cutaneous application suggesting the safety of their application on intact skin for a relatively short time.

scholarly journals Group IVA Cytosolic Phospholipase A2Regulates the G2-to-M Transition by Modulating the Activity of Tumor Suppressor SIRT2

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (21) ◽  
pp. 3768-3784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Movahedi Naini ◽  
Alice M. Sheridan ◽  
Thomas Force ◽  
Jagesh V. Shah ◽  
Joseph V. Bonventre
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Cyclin A ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Mitotic Entry ◽  
Cytosolic Phospholipase ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group Iva ◽  
The Impact

The G2-to-M transition (or prophase) checkpoint of the cell cycle is a critical regulator of mitotic entry. SIRT2, a tumor suppressor gene, contributes to the control of this checkpoint by blocking mitotic entry under cellular stress. However, the mechanism underlying both SIRT2 activation and regulation of the G2-to-M transition remains largely unknown. Here, we report the formation of a multiprotein complex at the G2-to-M transitionin vitroandin vivo. Group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2(cPLA2α) acts as a bridge in this complex to promote binding of SIRT2 to cyclin A-Cdk2. Cyclin A-Cdk2 then phosphorylates SIRT2 at Ser331. This phosphorylation reduces SIRT2 catalytic activity and its binding affinity to centrosomes and mitotic spindles, promoting G2-to-M transition. We show that the inhibitory effect of cPLA2α on SIRT2 activity impacts various cellular processes, including cellular levels of histone H4 acetylated at K16 (Ac-H4K16) and Ac-α-tubulin. This regulatory effect of cPLA2α on SIRT2 defines a novel function of cPLA2α independent of its phospholipase activity and may have implications for the impact of SIRT2-related effects on tumorigenesis and age-related diseases.

scholarly journals Investigating crosstalk among PTMs provides novel insight into the structural basis underlying the differential effects of Nt17 PTMs on mutant Httex1 aggregation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anass Chiki ◽  
Zhidian Zhang ◽  
Kolla Rajasekhar ◽  
Luciano A. Abriata ◽  
Iman Rostami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Helical Conformation ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractPost-translational modifications (PTMs) within the first 17 amino acids (Nt17) of the Huntingtin protein (Htt) have been shown to inhibit the aggregation and attenuate the toxicity of mutant Htt proteins in vitro and in various models of Huntington’s disease. Our group’s previous studies suggested that the Nt17 PTM code is a combinatorial code that involves a complex interplay between different PTMs. Here, we expand on these studies by investigating the effect of methionine 8 oxidation (oxM8) and crosstalk between this PTM and either lysine 6 acetylation (AcK6) or threonine 3 phosphorylation (pT3) on the aggregation of mutant Httex1. We show that M8 oxidation delays but does not inhibit the aggregation and has no effect on the final morphologies of mutant Httex1 aggregates. This delay in aggregation kinetics could be attributed to the transient accumulation of oligomeric aggregates, which disappear upon the formation of Httex1 oxM8 fibrils. Interestingly, the presence of both oxM8 and AcK6 resulted in dramatic inhibition of Httex1 fibrillization, whereas the presence of oxM8 did not influence the aggregation inhibitory effect of pT3. To gain insight into the structural basis underlying these proteins’ aggregation properties, we investigated the impact of each PTM and the combination of these PTMs on the conformational properties of the Nt17 peptide by circular dichroism spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation. These studies show that M8 oxidation decreases the helicity of the Nt17 in the presence or absence of PTMs and provides novel insight into the structural basis underlying the effects of different PTMs on mutant Httex1 aggregation. PTMs that lower the mutant Httex1 aggregation rate (oxM8, AcK6/oxM8, pT3, pT3/oxM8, and phosphorylation at Serine 13) result in stabilization and increased population of a short N-terminal helix (first eight residues) in Nt17 or decreased abundance of other helical forms, including long helix and short C-terminal helix. PTMs that did not alter the aggregation of mutant Httex1 exhibit a similar distribution of helical conformation as the unmodified peptides. These results show that the relative abundance of N- vs. C-terminal helical conformations and long helices, rather than the overall helicity of Nt17, better explains the effect of different Nt17 PTMs on mutant Httex1; thus, explaining the lack of correlation between the effect of PTMs on the overall helicity of Nt17 and mutant Httex1 aggregation in vitro. Taken together, our results provide novel structural insight into the differential effects of single PTMs and crosstalk between different PTMs in regulating mutant Httex1 aggregation.TOC Figure

scholarly journals Use of growth regulators and experimental LED phytoirradiator in clonal micropropagation of garden strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa, Duchesne ex Weston)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Markova ◽  
E. N. Somova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Clonal Micropropagation ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reproduction Factor

The article provides experimental data of 2017-2018 study on the effect of growth regulators and LED phytoirradiator on the proliferation and rooting of promising garden strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) varieties in vitro. Micro-shoots of Korona and Brighton strawberry varieties were taken as the object of the research. Strawberry micro-shoots were cultivated under fluorescent lamps in the control variant. A programmable combined blinking LED phytoirradiator was under study. The combined effect of cytokinin and gibberellic acid by adding them to the Murashige and Skoog nutrient medium, as well as the impact of Siliplant and EcoFus growth regulators on strawberry micropropagation has been studied. It was established that in the cultivation of Korona variety the combined use of Siliplant and EcoFus under illumination with LED phytoirradiator provided an increase in the reproduction factor. The coefficient was 5.0 pcs./explant that was 1.7 times higher than the control (3.0 pcs/explant), the LSD05 1.4 pcs/explant. The maximum reproduction factor of remontant strawberry Brighton variety was obtained in the variant with the use of Siliplant and LED phytoirradiator and amounted to 4.9 pcs./explant (4.2 pcs./explant in the control), the LSD05 was 1.5 pcs./ explant. Regardless of the lighting, the use of RibavExtra in all variants under study increased the rooting rate of the strawberry Korona micro-shoots from 92.8 to 99.1%, the LSD05 6.1%. The use of LED phytoirradiator in comparison with the luminescent one (94.3%) provided a significant increase in the rooting rate of the strawberry Korona micro-shoots to 98.1% regardless of the growth regulators used, the LSD05 3.5%. The combined use of LED phytoirradiator and Ribav-Extra growth regulator in concentrations of 1.0 and 1.5 mg/l resulted in rooting of strawberry Korona micro-shoots up to 100%. Regardless of the growth regulator used, the use of LED phytoirradiator in comparison with the luminescent one (88.9%) provided a significant increase in the rooting rate of the strawberry Brighton micro-shoots to 97.2%, the LSD05 4.6%. The rooting rate of the remontant strawberry Brighton microshoots was 100% in the variant with the use of Ribav-Extra in the concentration of 1.0 mg /l combined with LED phytoirradiator 20 days after transplanting for rooting.

scholarly journals Distribution and vulnerability of transcriptional outputs across the genome in Myc-amplified medulloblastoma cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Yang ◽  
Wenzhe Wang ◽  
Meichen Dong ◽  
Kristen Roso ◽  
Paula Greer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Nucleotide Synthesis ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Myc plays a central role in tumorigenesis by orchestrating the expression of genes essential to numerous cellular processes1-4. While it is well established that Myc functions by binding to its target genes to regulate their transcription5, the distribution of the transcriptional output across the human genome in Myc-amplified cancer cells, and the susceptibility of such transcriptional outputs to therapeutic interferences remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we analyze the distribution of transcriptional outputs in Myc-amplified medulloblastoma (MB) cells by profiling nascent total RNAs within a temporal context. This profiling reveals that a major portion of transcriptional action in these cells was directed at the genes fundamental to cellular infrastructure, including rRNAs and particularly those in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). Notably, even when Myc protein was depleted by as much as 80%, the impact on transcriptional outputs across the genome was limited, with notable reduction mostly only in genes involved in ribosomal biosynthesis, genes residing in mtDNA or encoding mitochondria-localized proteins, and those encoding histones. In contrast to the limited direct impact of Myc depletion, we found that the global transcriptional outputs were highly dependent on the activity of Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenases (IMPDHs), rate limiting enzymes for de novo guanine nucleotide synthesis and whose expression in tumor cells was positively correlated with Myc expression. Blockage of IMPDHs attenuated the global transcriptional outputs with a particularly strong inhibitory effect on infrastructure genes, which was accompanied by the abrogation of MB cells proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Together, our findings reveal a real time action of Myc as a transcriptional factor in tumor cells, provide new insight into the pathogenic mechanism underlying Myc-driven tumorigenesis, and support IMPDHs as a therapeutic vulnerability in cancer cells empowered by a high level of Myc oncoprotein.

scholarly journals Epigenetic effects of Bisphenol A on granulosa cells of mouse follicles during in vitro culture: An experimental study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aylin Jamali Khaghani ◽  
Parisa Farrokh ◽  
Saeed Zavareh
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Promoter Methylation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemical ◽  
Epigenetic Effects ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
The Impact

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA), a synthetic endocrine-disrupting chemical, is a reproductive toxicant. Granulosa cells have significant roles in follicle development, and KIT ligand (KITL) and Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) are essential biomolecules produced by them during folliculogenesis. Objective: Due to the widespread use of BPA and its potential epigenetic effects, this study examined the impact of BPA on promoter methylation of amh and kitl genes in mouse granulosa cells. Materials and Methods: Preantral follicles were isolated from ovaries of immature mice and cultured for eight days. Then, follicles were treated with 50 and 100 μM of BPA, and 0.01% (v/v) ethanol for 24 and 72 hr. Growth and degeneration of follicles and antrum formation were analyzed. The granulosa cells were isolated mechanically, and their extracted DNA was treated with sodium bisulfite. The promoter regions of the amh and kitl were analyzed with PCR and sequencing. Results: BPA did not change follicle survival and antrum formation significantly (p = 0.41). However, the culture in the presence of 100 μM BPA had an inhibitory effect on growth. Before BPA treatment, the CpG of the kitl and amh promoters were unmethylated and partially methylated, respectively. While the percent of 5mC in the amh promoter reduced at 100 μM of BPA, it did not alter the kitl promoter methylation. Conclusion: BPA at higher concentrations has an inhibitory effect on follicle growth. Moreover, it seems that the epigenetic impact of BPA restricts to the demethylation of CpG sites. Key words: Bisphenol A, DNA methylation, Granulosa cells.

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