scholarly journals Salt-induced growth promotion in rice varieties during nursery

2021 ◽  
Vol 883 (1) ◽  
pp. 012014
Author(s):  
B Kurniasih ◽  
N Arini ◽  
D Alvioliana ◽  
R I Nisa ◽  
R A Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rice Seedling ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Rice Seeds ◽  
Salt Susceptible

Abstract Climate change will increase the occurrence of salinity in agricultural land along with the coastal areas. One of the technologies to reduce salinity is NaCl pretreatment. This study aimed to evaluate salinity treatment's effect during nurseries on the growth of lowland rice seedlings. There were three separate experiments, and all the experiments used Randomized Complete Block Design. In the first experiment, local black rice seeds (var. Jelitheng) was used. The nursery was carried out at three salinity levels, i.e. 0.2, 3 and 5 dS/m. The second experiment was conducted using salt-resistant rice seeds (var. Dendang) and salt susceptible rice seeds (var. IR 64). The salinity levels applied were non-saline (0.2 dS/m) and saline (5 dS/m). The third experiment used rice seedling var. IR 64, with the first factor being the salinity level (0.2 and 5 dS/m) and the second factor was a wet nursery and dry nursery. In general, the results from the three experiments showed that giving salinity levels of 3-5 dS/m in several rice varieties improved seedling performance. Although salinity during nursery could increase the concentration of Na+ and decrease the concentration of K+ in leaves, salinity during nursery increased the seedlings fresh weight, and dry weight increased the number of seedlings leaves and increased the concentration of leaf chlorophyll. The better seedlings growth variable in the saline nursery will help the plants cope with salinity in the later growth stage in the field.

scholarly journals Cekaman Garam NaCl danTeknik Aplikasi Azolla pada Tanaman Padi

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-355
Author(s):  
Fitri Krismiratsih ◽  
Sugeng Winarso ◽  
Slamerto Slamerto
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Application Technique ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Salinity Levels

Efforts to increase production potential can be carried out by extensification in a less productive saline land. Salinity is a major problem in the growth of most plants. Azolla is a plant that is sensitive to salinity, but if it is applied well, it can grow optimally at high salinity levels. The purpose of this study is to obtain an azolla application technique that is effective in increasing the adaptation of rice plants to NaCl saline soil conditions. The experimental design used was Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was the azolla application technique consisted of 3 levels: fresh azolla composted, fresh azolla immersed, and fresh azolla as a ground cover. The second factor was the levels of NaCl salt stress consisted of 4 levels: control DHL 0, 2, 4, and 8 dS m-1. The adaptation ability of rice plants based on variable plants height growth rate, number of tillers, strove dry weight, root dry weight, stomata density, leaf chlorophyll (SPAD), age of flowering, number of paddy grain, and harvest index. The results showed how to test content up to 2 dS m-1 which increased rice growth especially the application of azolla composted. Increasing stress to 4 and 8 dS m-1showed bad effects on vegetative, physiology, and yields of rice components. The stronger of salt stress the higher all plants growth variables except the age of flowering that actually showed the acceleration of flowering. Application of composted azolla can increase the root dry weight and azolla as a ground cover can increase the numbers of paddy grains.   Keywords: azolla, NaCl, rice, stress

scholarly journals Effect of seedling age on growth and yield of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties transplanted in Saline Coastal Area of Baros, Yogyakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Riza Afrinda ◽  
Budiastuti Kurniasih
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Seedling Age ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Difference

Marginal land along the coast should be utilized to increase the national rice production. In addition, the use of saline resistant varieties, it is necessary to determine the best seedling age for saline soil. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and yield responses of two rice varieties transplanted at different seedling age on saline soil. The experiment was arranged in a factorial Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, conducted at saline coastal area of Baros, Yogyakarta, starting from January to June 2017. The first factor was rice varieties, consisting of Dendang and IR-64. Meanwhile, the second factor was the seedling age, consisting of 2 and 4 weeks after sowing (WAS) seedlings. The results showed that the growth and yield of two rice varieties (Dendang and IR-64) showed significant difference, and Dendang showed a better performance than IR-64. The higher yield of Dendang compared to IR-64 was supported by higher plant growth (shoot dry weight) and yield components (number of seeds per panicle, seed weight per plot, and productivity). The 2 and 4 WAS seedlings did not give significantly different effects on nearly all growth variables. However, 2 WAS Dendang rice seedlings had higher shoot dry weight. Meanwhile, IR-64 had higher leaf greenness in 4 WAS seedlings compared to that in 2 WAS seedlings.

scholarly journals Field Performance of Trichoderma harzianum AAUT14 and Bacillus subtilis AAUB95 on Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Growth Promotion and Management of Chocolate Spot (Botrytis fabae Sard.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Zewdineh Firdu ◽  
Tesfaye Alemu ◽  
Fassil Assefa
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chocolate Spot

Aims: This study was done to evaluate the effects of T. harzianum AAUT14 and B.subtilis AAUB95 on chocolate spot (B. fabae) and growth promotion of faba bean. Study Design: A completely randomized block design was utilized. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, 8º2'N and 39º10’E, Kulumsa, June-November, 2018. Methodology: Two trails (Trial-1 Ashebeka and Trial-2 Hachalu) were employed. We included T1-Control (B.f only); T2-T. harzianum AAUT14+ B.f; T3-B. subtilis AAUB95+B.f; T4-T. harzianum AAUT14+B. subtilis AAUB95+B.f; T5- MORE 720 WP+B.f; T6- ORZEB+B.f as treatments of the study. The disease development was assessed together with yield and related parameters. Results: In trail 1, a reduction that varied from 31-61% for disease incidence and 13-33% of severity over T1 upon 70 days after sowing. Upon 90 days, the disease incidence and severity was reduced to 20-50% and 36-51%, respectively. Trichoderma harzianum AAUT14+B.subtilis AAUB95 (T4) reduced the disease incidence and severity showing no significance difference (P=.05) with the chemical fungicide, MORE 720 WP (T5) upon 70 and 90 days of sowing. In trial 2, the microbial inoculants reduced the disease incidence and severity to 28-63% and 17-30% upon 70 days. Likewise, the disease incidence and severity was reduced to 23-51% and 37-54% upon 90 days. In addition, the AUDPC ranged from 1586.1-2250.0%DSU in trial 1 and 1382.0-2454.5%DSU in trial 2. Moreover, leaf area of 68.95cm2 was displayed by T4 in trial 1 and 54.14cm2 in trial 2. In addition, T 4 indicated, 62% and 49% increment of hundred seed dry weight and grain yield estimate in trial 1, and 56% and 55%, increase in trial 2 compared to the uninoculated control. The percentage of healthy pods was 90% and 88.87% in trial 1 and 2, respectively, in the treatment that received T4 and followed by T2 that showed 70.40 and 78.86% in trial 1 and 2, respectively. T4 resulted 4391.45kg/ha and 4378.12kg/ha, that followed by T2 with 3764.58kg/ha and 3654.17kg/ha of yield estimate in trial 1 and 2, respectively. 27-42% and 26-41% of harvest index was exhibited in trial 1 and trial 2, respectively. Furthermore, the seed nitrogen content increased from 33-70% in trial 1 and 29-62% in trial 2. The seed nitrogen content showed 33-70% and 29-62% increment in trial 1 and 2, respectively. Even though the fungicides (T5 and T6), protected the faba bean plants from chocolate spot, there was <10% of seed nitrogen and crudeprotein content increment over the untreated control plants in both varieties. Conclusion: The mixture of T. harzianum AAUT14 and B. subtilis AAUB95 or in some cases T. harzianum AAUT14 performed best on controlling chocolate spot, growth promotion and yield increment of faba bean.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF SOILAGGREGATE SIZE AND P DOSAGE ON AMF SPORES NUMBER IN SHORGUM (Sorghum bicolor L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Samsu Samsu ◽  
Henry N Barus ◽  
Uswah Hasanah
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Infected Root

Mycorrhiza is a biological agent to help fertility of soil and plants. Application of mycorrhiza on the land in the form of inoculum is often used in agricultural land in the name of quality of inoculum that also influenced by the content of existing spores. One of them is growing medium. This study aimed to study the effect of soil aggregate size and P dosage on the number of mycorrhizal spores in sorghum plants. The research design used was Randomized Block Design consisting of 2 factors. First factor was soil aggregate size(μm) which consisted of 4 treatments: U1 = < 2000, U2 = 500 - 1000, U3 = 200 - 500, U4 = < 200, and second factor was P dosage: 100 mg/kg and 300mg/kg. Each treatment combination was repeated 3 times so that there were 24 units of experimental unit. Observation parameters included the percentage of the infected root, number of spores, plant height and dry weight of the plant. The research was conducted in Greenhouse and Agronomy Laboratory of Agricultural Faculty of Tadulako University Palu. The various sizes of soil aggregates do not affect the amount of arbuscular mycorrhizal spores in sorghum plants. P 100 mg/kg or f P 300 mg/kg dosage used do not address the effect of the mycorrhizal spores. There is no interaction between soil aggregate size and P dosage to the amount of mycorrhizal spores in sorghum plants.

scholarly journals Toleransi Tanaman Akasia (Acacia Mangium Wild.) terhadap Tingkat Salinitas di Pembibitan

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Elfarisna Elfarisna ◽  
Hermawan Niaga ◽  
Rita Tri Puspitasari
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Salinity Levels

Acacia is a plant that can be used as the main ingredient of paper making. The potential of acacia wood pulp as the raw material is already widely recognized by the timber industry. Acacia also has potential as a plant greenery in urban areas. Production of acacia plants can be done through the efforts of agricultural extension. Enterprises agricultural extension can be done by expanding the agricultural frontier acacia plants in saline land. The purpose of the study to know acacia plant tolerance to salinity levels in the nursery. The research was conducted from April to July 2013 in the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Muhammadiyah Jakarta. The research is used Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five treatments NaCl level concentration, ie P1 Without NaCl/Control, P2 (0.5% concentration) P3 (concentration of 1%), P4 (1.5% concentration) and P5 (concentration of 2%). Parameters measured were percentage growth, plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, plant fresh weight and dry weight of plants. The results showed salinity level significantly affected all parameters observed. A salt concentration of 1% is the maximum saline tolerance conditions for growth acacia.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Growth and Physiological Responses of Three Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties to Elevated Temperatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Dede Yudo Kurniawan ◽  
Ahmad Junaedi ◽  
Iskandar Lubis ◽  
Titi Candra Sunarti
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors

Temperature is a primary factor that affects the rate of plant development and has great impacts on plant growth, metabolism, and yield. A study was conducted to analyze the effects of elevated temperature on rice morphological and the physiological growth. The research was arranged in a nested randomized block design consisting of two factors, temperatures and rice varieties. Elevated temperatures were provided through the uses of different materials of plastic roof and walls to have an average and maximum temperature of 27.6 °C and 41.6 °C (T1); 28.1°C and 43.8 °C (T2), and 29.5°C and 47.1 C (T3), respectively. The study used three varieties of rice, “Ciasem”, “Ciherang”, and “IR64”. All rice varieties showed signifi cant increases in tiller number per hill and shoot dry weight, but had a decrease in the stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and SPAD values at grain fi lling stage with the increasing temperatures. The number of tiller per hill increased when temperature was elevated from 27.6 to 28.1 and 29.5°C by about 29.9 and 21.3%, respectively.

scholarly journals Hydroponic screening of traditional rice varieties in Assam, India to estimate their potential resistance to Al toxicity under P deficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zina Moni Shandilya ◽  
Bhaben Tanti
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Trivalent Cation ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Nutrient Culture ◽  
Traditional Rice

Acid soils encompass nearly one-third of the available terrestrial land surface worldwide. Acidic soil is one of the major abiotic constraints for agricultural practices by potentially creating aluminum (Al) toxicity and/or phosphorous (P) deficiency. Assam, being an agricultural state of India, has the majority of its area covered by acidic soils due to the varied terrain in the region. Soil acidification increases the solubility of Al present in the soil from its nontoxic silicate or oxide forms into highly phytotoxic ionic Al (mainly the trivalent cation Al<sup>3+</sup>). Ionic Al can form complexes with the available phosphorous leading to plant nutrient deficiency. In the present investigation, screening of traditional rice varieties from Assam was conducted for tolerance to combined Al toxicity and P deficiency. Seedlings of 41 rice landraces from various agro-climatic locations were subjected to three different concentrations of Al (0, 50, 100 µM) for 24, 48, and 72 h under P deficiency in static nutrient culture to identify the extent of their resistance to these stressed conditions. Different morpho-physiological parameters (root and shoot lengths, fresh and dry weight yields, chlorophyll and relative water content) were evaluated after stress treatment. All the experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with three replicates. Based on the overall morphological characters, total stress response index (TSRI) was calculated which showed a variation ranging from 18 to 23. Accordingly, the varieties were classified into different groups of resistance. Varieties ‘Moti’ and ‘Baismuthi’ were found to be the least resistant, whereas ‘Holpuna’, ‘Beto’, and ‘Soria Sali’ were identified as most tolerant varieties to Al toxicity under P deficiency. The findings of the present investigation could be exploited for developing promising varieties in future rice breeding programs.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of rice seedling traits related to machine transplanting under different seeding densities

BMC Genetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Zhu ◽  
Yuping Zhang ◽  
Jing Xiang ◽  
Yaliang Wang ◽  
Defeng Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rice Seedling ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Seedling Traits ◽  
Ril Population

Abstract Background Due to the diversity of rice varieties and cropping systems in China, the limitation of seeding density and seedling quality makes it hard to improve machine-transplanted efficiency. Previous studies have shown that indica and japonica varieties varied in machine transplanting efficiency and optimal seeding density. In this study, a RIL population derived from ‘9311’ and ‘Nipponbare’ were performed to explore the seedling traits variations and the genetic mechanism under three seeding densities. Results The parents and RIL population exhibited similar trends as the seeding density increased, including seedling height and first leaf sheath length increases, shoot dry weight and root dry weight decreases. Among the 37 QTLs for six traits detected under the three seeding densities, 12 QTLs were detected in both three seeding densities. Five QTL hotspots identified clustered within genomic regions on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 6 and 11. Specific QTLs such as qRDW1.1 and qFLSL5.1 were detected under low and high seeding densities, respectively. Detailed analysis the QTL regions identified under specific seeding densities revealed several candidate genes involved in phytohormones signals and abiotic stress responses. Whole-genome additive effects showed that ‘9311’ contributed more loci enhancing trait performances than ‘Nipponbare’, indicating ‘9311’ was more sensitive to the seeding density than ‘Nipponbare’. The prevalence of negative epistasis effects indicated that the complementary two-locus homozygotes may not have marginal advantages over the means of the two parental genotypes. Conclusions Our results revealed the differences between indica rice and japonica rice seedling traits in response to seeding density. Several QTL hotspots involved in different traits and specific QTLs (such as qRDW1.1 and qFLSL5.1) in diverse seeding densities had been detected. Genome-wide additive and two-locus epistasis suggested a dynamic of the genetic control underlying different seeding densities. It was concluded that novel QTLs, additive and epistasis effects under specific seeding density would provide adequate information for rice seedling improvement during machine transplanting.

scholarly journals Performance of rice paddy varieties under various organic soil fertility strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 509-515
Author(s):  
Mieke Rochimi Setiawati ◽  
Muhamad Khais Prayoga ◽  
Silke Stöber ◽  
Kustiwa Adinata ◽  
Tualar Simarmata
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Goat Manure

AbstractIt has been widely known that integrating and adopting sustainable agricultural practices can restore and maintain the health of degraded agricultural land and adapt to climate change. Azolla pinnata and Sesbania rostrata are local potential plants in paddy fields that can be used as green manures. Two paddy varieties were planted. The experiment was conducted as factorial randomized block design, consisting of green manure types (p1 = goat manure 10 t/ha, p2 = goat manure 10 t/ha + Azolla 10 t/ha, p3 = goat manure 10 t/ha + Sesbania 2 t/h, and p4 = goat manure 10 t/ha + Azolla 5 t/ha + Sesbania 1 t/ha) and rice varieties (v1 = Bangir and v2 = Inpari 41). The results indicated that the use of green manure has increased the nitrogen and organic carbon contents in the soil from 0.10% and 0.82% to more than 0.20% and 2.0%, respectively. Inpari 41 variety produced higher grain yield (4.92 t/ha) compared to Bangir variety (3.48 t/ha). These findings indicate that the suitable green manure combined with paddy varieties can improve the resilience of soil health and paddy productivity.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of rice seedling traits related to machine transplanting under different seeding densities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Zhu ◽  
Yuping Zhang ◽  
Jing Xiang ◽  
Yaliang Wang ◽  
Defeng Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rice Seedling ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Seedling Traits ◽  
Ril Population

Abstract Background: Due to the diversity of rice varieties and cropping systems in China, the limitation of seeding density and seedling quality makes it hard to improve machine-transplanted efficiency. Previous studies have shown that indica and japonica varieties varied in machine transplanting efficiency and optimal seeding density . In this study, a RIL population derived from ‘9311’ and ‘ Nipponbare ’ were performed to explore the seedling traits variations and the genetic mechanism under three seeding densities. Results: The parents and RIL population exhibited similar trends as the seeding density increased, including seedling height and first leaf sheath length increases, shoot dry weight and root dry weight decreases. Among the 37 QTLs for six traits detected under the three seeding densities, 12 QTLs were detected in both three seeding densities. Five QTL hotspots identified clustered within genomic regions on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 6 and 11. Specific QTLs such as qRDW 1.1 and qFLSL 5.1 were detected under low and high seeding densities, respectively. Detailed analysis the QTL regions identified under specific seeding densities revealed several candidate genes involved in phytohormones signals and abiotic stress responses. Whole-genome additive effects showed that ‘9311’ contributed more loci enhancing trait performances than ‘Nipponbare’, indicating ‘9311’ was more sensitive to the seeding density than ‘Nipponbare’. The prevalence of negative epistasis effects indicated that the complementary two-locus homozygotes may not have marginal advantages over the means of the two parental genotypes. Conclusions: Our results revealed the differences between indica rice and japonica rice seedling traits in response to seeding density. Several QTL hotspots involved in different traits and specific QTLs (such as qRDW 1.1 and qFLSL 5.1 ) in diverse seeding densities had been detected. Genome-wide additive and two-locus epistasis suggested a dynamic of the genetic control underlying different seeding densities. It was concluded that novel QTLs, additive and epistasis effects under specific seeding density would provide adequate information for rice seedling improvement during machine transplanting.

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