scholarly journals The Diversity and Ecology of Macromycetes on Soils of Adjara, Georgia

2021 ◽  
Vol 906 (1) ◽  
pp. 012012
Author(s):  
Otar Shainidze ◽  
Nodar Beridze ◽  
Guram Chkubadze ◽  
Nunu Nakashidze ◽  
Shota Lamparadze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Outdoor Area ◽  
Diverse Community ◽  
Agaricus Campestris ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Intensive Sampling ◽  
Different Soils

Abstract The publication is devoted to the study of the diversity of the species composition of macromycetes on different soils of Adjara, Georgia. The aim of the study was to identify and determine the composition of on different macroscopic fungi in different soils; establishment of the scale of development and spread of macromycetes in adverse and favorable conditions. Morphological features of collected fruiting bodies, such as shape, size, colour, odor, hymenophore and velum types, etc., were analysed. Spore slides were prepared in glycerin and fuchsin acid and observed under a light microscope. Some samples were isolated on a Malt agar medium, and macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of isolates were observed for precise identification. Identifications were done using relevant literature. At locations in the outdoor area and in the greenhouse, a total of 165 macrofungal species were recorded fruiting on soil, between them 35 species are considered edible, 14 poisonous, while 106 species are inedible Most of the species belong to the division Basidiomycota (151) and only 14 to the division Ascomycota. Identified species distributed in 5 Classes, 13 Orders, 36 families and 68 Genuse. The highest number of soil-inhabiting basidiomycetous macrofungal species was in the forest soil plot (116), followed by the Pasture soil (29). The on families with the highest number of species was Russulaceae (17%), Agaricaceae (15%), Boletaceae (12%), Cortinariaceae (9%) and Psathyrellaceae - 8%, The remaining 31 families-39%. Lactarius, Cortinarius, Russula, Amanita and et al., were the richest genus. All 6 substrates studied, it observed that the species that had a higher frequency were Agaricus subrufescens, Calvatia cyathiformis and Leucocoprinus cretaceus, occurring in soil, soil/litter and pasture. On the other hand, Agaricus campestris, A. rufoaurantiacus, Chlorophyllum hortense and Volvopluteus earlier among others, were collected only from two substrates (soil/and plant residue). The other genera (most of it) occurred in only one substrate. Peaks macromycetes was in May and October, when the average temperature remained between 22 - 26°C and relative humidity between 78% and 92%. The occurrence of macromycetes was higher in May, when the temperature was milder and stable on average 24°C. Found that Adjara support a large and diverse community of macrofungi fruiting on soil, many species of which are previously undiscovered and undescribed. On this basis, works of longer duration and more intensive sampling are needed to obtain data regarding fungal communities, with more attention to specific variables such as microclimate, soil moisture, soil type, soil pH and vegetation types.

MICROECOLOGICAL FACTORS IN OYSTER EPIZOOTICS

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall Laird
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Ostrea Edulis ◽  
New Host ◽  
Lethal Temperatures ◽  
Canadian Data ◽  
Dead Animal ◽  
Favorable Conditions

On oyster beds as elsewhere, mud–water interfaces exhibit a biological film harboring saprobic microorganisms. The abundance of these is directly proportional to the amount of decomposing organic matter present. Different communities of protozoa and bacteria characterize each of the levels of organic pollution, which may be defined biologically in terms of a modification of the "Saprobiensystem" of Kolkwitz and Marsson. While the microorganisms concerned are not conspicuous on clean substrata except where especially favorable conditions are afforded certain of them by some dead animal or plant, their general abundance is indicative of pollution. This follows overaccumulation of reducible deposits, initiated by irregular tidal flushing, freshets, and winter icing, and rendering the microenvironment anaerobic. Ostrea edulis and Crassostrea virginica survive temporary exposure to the direct effects of such conditions as well as to near-lethal temperatures, but, weakened thereby, become vulnerable to invasion by saprobes from the enriched biological film. Unless environmental conditions improve before the oysters lose ability to recover, abnormal mortalities will be hastened by the activities of these microorganisms, notably Hexamita inflata (Protozoa). Relevant literature is reviewed, and possible local remedies are discussed. Canadian data are supported by original observations from Wales and Pakistan. Among other new host and locality records, Cristispira balbianii (Spirochaetales) and cercariae of a bucephalid trematode are listed from Ostrea belcheri from Karachi.

NODULATION RESPONSES OF TWO NEAR ISOGENIC LINES OF THE SOYBEAN

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis E. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Response ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Soybean Line ◽  
Sand Cultures ◽  
Different Soils

Nodulation responses and certain other characteristics of a mutant soybean line highly recalcitrant to nodulation were compared with those of a nodulating sister line. Roots of the two lines were found to harbor equal numbers of rhizobia. Stem graftings to provide top growths of one line on roots of the other failed to alter the distinctive nodulation responses of rootstocks. Ascorbic acid contents in the two lines were identical, both in the tops and in the roots, although contents in tops greatly exceeded those found in roots. Chromatographic studies on the amino acids in seed hydrolyzates and in alcoholic extracts of seedlings showed no differences between the two lines either in kind or quantities of amino acids. In a survey of stock rhizobia for cultures effective on the nonnodulating line, bacteria were discovered which formed nodules on such soybeans growing in sand and nutrient solution. Isolates from these nodules again yielded effective nodulation on plants in sand culture, but gave no nodulation whatsoever on plants growing in soil. This negative response was confirmed in three different soils. Admixtures of soil and of miscellaneous materials with sand were employed to alter nodulation responses from those shown in sand cultures.

scholarly journals Krohl. Klinische Beobachtungen über die Einwirkung einzelner Mutterkornpräparate (speciell des Cornutin) auf den Verlauf des Wochenbettes. (Archiv für Gynaekologie, Bd. XLV, Hft. 1). Clinical observation of the effect of some drugs from Secale cornutum, special cornutin, during the maternity period

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-403
Author(s):  
A. Khazan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Observation ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Reverse Development

Having made comparative observations on a whole row, in equally favorable conditions, the puerperas, from whom one did not receive anything, the other ergotin, and the third, finally, cornutin-Kbert (8 mg. Pro dosi 2 cg. Pro die), K. could be convinced of the undoubted action of this the last means for the earliest possible reverse development of the uterus. Thus, it has been confirmed, already established by other authors, that many of this preparation are included as the only unmistakable component of the uterine horns.

scholarly journals Pulmonary Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma: A Report of 2 Cases and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Xiangting Xie ◽  
◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyan Tan ◽  
Yun Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Malt Lymphoma ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Complete Resection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Malignant Lymphomas ◽  
Chest Computed Tomography ◽  
Pulmonary Malt Lymphoma

Pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is indolent and progresses more slowly than other malignant lymphomas. The clinical features are not specific and the diagnosis can often be difficult. Here, we present two rare cases of pulmonary MALT lymphoma. Both patients were incidentally found lesions in the lungs with chest computed tomography during physical examination. They were finally diagnosed by pathological biopsy. One received complete resection, the other was treated with chemotherapy. There were no recurrence in the two patients during follow-up. We also review relevant literature to provide a better recognition of this disease.

Modeling Migratory Patterns of the Eastern Monarch Butterfly

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-63
Author(s):  
Karen Kesler ◽  
Rick Bunch
Keyword(s):  
Monarch Butterfly ◽  
The Other ◽  
Site Suitability ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Migratory Cycle ◽  
Migratory Patterns ◽  
Data Layers ◽  
A Site ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Agriculture Development

The purpose of this research was to relate the influence of specific site suitability variables to eastern monarch butterfly migratory patterns and behavior. Elevation, temperature, precipitation, and land use data layers were overlaid to collectively consider how these variables affected the way that butterflies migrated and recolonized during the 2016/2017 migratory cycle. The variables were reclassified into layers ranking suitability as either unsuitable, suitable, or optimal with respective scores of one, three, and five. Three uninhabitable variables were identified that deemed a site unsuitable despite the influence and possible optimal suitability of the other variables. The results of this study indicated that site suitability was a large driving factor for migratory monarchs with a heavier emphasis placed on average temperature and land/cropland use. Possible displaced and sink populations were identified for further study, while the effects of agriculture, development, and climate change were considered regarding flyway connectivity and behavior.

scholarly journals Coal-Bearing Zone Transformation into a Coalless One at the Open Pit

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 01020
Author(s):  
Oleg Litvin ◽  
Ekaterina Tyuleneva ◽  
Valery Kolesnikov ◽  
Alexandr Dobrov
Keyword(s):  
Constant Width ◽  
The Other ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Open Pit Mines ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Industrial Practice ◽  
Constant Height ◽  
Complex Structural ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Currently, two types of handling machines are mainly used on coal open pit mines in Kuzbass, characterized by complex structural deposits: mechanical (rope) and hydraulic (backhoe) shovels. Moreover, both types of equipment are supplied to the quarries: mechanical shovels are purchased, as a rule, powerful with a bucket capacity up to 56 m3, backhoes – small and medium-size models with a bucket capacity of 2.8-14 m3. On the other hand, it is common to divide the areas of equipment use in the open pit on complex-structured deposits into a coalless (outside the strata of coalbeds) and coal-bearing (actually a series of beds, including coal strata and rock interbeds). The use of these equipment types in both design and industrial practice is observed in both zones. At the same time, it is known that each of these zones has different conditions for the efficient operation of excavation machines. The seams, therefore, do not complicate the coalless zone when working in it, favorable conditions are provided for the excavator: the constant height of the bench, which is necessary for the full filling of the bucket for one scoop, the constant width of the panel and the length of the front of the work. In these conditions, the maximum productivity of the excavator is ensured.

scholarly journals A Divide-and-Conquer Approach for Solving Fuzzy Max-Archimedeant-Norm Relational Equations

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jun-Lin Lin ◽  
Hung-Chjh Chuan ◽  
Laksamee Khomnotai
Keyword(s):  
Original Problem ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Divide And Conquer ◽  
Fuzzy Relational Equations ◽  
Original Matrix ◽  
Binary Matrix ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Binary Matrices ◽  
Test Matrices

A system of fuzzy relational equations with the max-Archimedeant-norm composition was considered. The relevant literature indicated that this problem can be reduced to the problem of finding all the irredundant coverings of a binary matrix. A divide-and-conquer approach is proposed to solve this problem and, subsequently, to solve the original problem. This approach was used to analyze the binary matrix and then decompose the matrix into several submatrices such that the irredundant coverings of the original matrix could be constructed using the irredundant coverings of each of these submatrices. This step was performed recursively for each of these submatrices to obtain the irredundant coverings. Finally, once all the irredundant coverings of the original matrix were found, they were easily converted into the minimal solutions of the fuzzy relational equations. Experiments on binary matrices, with the number of irredundant coverings ranging from 24 to 9680, were also performed. The results indicated that, for test matrices that could initially be partitioned into more than one submatrix, this approach reduced the execution time by more than three orders of magnitude. For the other test matrices, this approach was still useful because certain submatrices could be partitioned into more than one submatrix.

VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF WILD OATS, AVENA FATUA, AND OTHER ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT SPECIES OF AVENEAE AND HORDEAE

1932 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Kirk ◽  
T. K. Pavlychenko
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Nodal Tissue

Following the discovery that small sections of wild oats seedlings could become rerooted and develop into normal plants, a study was undertaken to determine from what part or parts of the seedlings new growth can originate, and whether cultivated oats, wheat, barley and spring rye, would behave in a similar manner. Special attention was given to the problem of vegetative propagation in wild oats as a factor in the control of this weed.Small sections of wild oats seedlings, one inch in length and containing the coleoptile node, became rerooted under favorable conditions and produced fully developed plants. Cultivated oats behaved in a similar manner to wild oats in this respect, but the latter produced the more vigorous growth.When land is infested with wild oats and is plowed shallow, or cultivated shortly after the seedlings have emerged from the soil, a considerable proportion of them, under certain conditions, may produce new plants by vegetative regrowth. The extent to which this may occur in the field depends largely on the soil moisture as well as on other conditions which facilitate rerooting, such as shallow plowing, and packing when conditions for plant growth are favorable.With young seedlings of wild oats at time of emergence, regrowth occurred mostly from a small area located between ground level and one inch below the surface. The same was found to be true of cultivated oats. With seedlings of wheat, barley and spring rye, at time of emergence, regrowth originated only from nodal tissue close to the seed. The difference in this respect, between oats, Aveneae, on the one hand, and wheat, barley and rye, Hordeae, on the other, is due to the fact that the area of elongation in oats is the mesocotyl, whereas in other cereals it is the first internode.At later stages in seedling development of both oats and the other cereals, nodes which were capable of regrowth developed immediately below and above the ground level. With older seedlings in the first-, second-, and third-leaf stage, the youngest node above ground, which is the one nearest the soil, had the greatest power of regrowth.

scholarly journals Helicopter EMS Transport Outcomes Literature: Annotated Review of Articles Published 2007–2011

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon S. Brown ◽  
Korby A. Pogue ◽  
Emily Williams ◽  
Jesse Hatfield ◽  
Matthew Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Care ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prehospital Emergency Care ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Related Literature ◽  
Prehospital Emergency ◽  
Medical Task

Helicopter EMS (HEMS) and its possible association with outcomes improvement continues to be a subject of discussion. As is the case with other scientific discourse, debate over HEMS usefulness should be framed around an evidence-based assessment of the relevant literature. In an effort to facilitate the academic pursuit of assessment of HEMS utility, in late 2000 the National Association of EMS Physicians' (NAEMSP) Air Medical Task Force prepared annotated bibliographies of the HEMS-related outcomes literature. As a result of that work, two review articles, one covering HEMS use in nontrauma and the other in trauma, published in 2002 inPrehospital Emergency Caresurveyed HEMS outcomes-related literature published between 1980 and mid-2000. The project was extended with two subsequent reviews covering the literature through 2006. This review continues the series, outlining outcomes-associated HEMS literature for the three-year period 2007 through the first half of 2011.

scholarly journals Forages resources in "dehesa" systems: fertilization, tillage, and forage sowing. 2. Productivity and use of rain water

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
J.L. Martin Polo ◽  
C.J. Valle Gutierrez ◽  
A. Blanco de Pablos ◽  
M.E. Sánchez Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Economic Studies ◽  
Different Soils

In two «dehesa» grasslands with different soils, one over slate and the other over granite, studies were carried out toinvestigate the influence that phosphoric fertilization, surface tillage of pastures and oat sowing have on the primaryproduction and its nutritive value, on the index of utilization of raining water, and on the evolution of oat stubble withtime. Additionally, economic studies of the previous results have been carried out. Phosphoric fertilization and superficialtilling of pastures did not have a relevant influence on the primary production. Additionally, in the successive regrowthover oat stubble there was no response to phosphoric fertilization. The production increments with respect tocontrols are related to the preparatory tillage for sowing the oats, and the changes that the vegetation experimented.This effect decreased with time. The dry matter production in the oat treatments was higher than in the pastures, bothin slate and granite soils. In dehesa systems the use of raining water for the production of 1 kg dry matter ha-1 was verylow, and, on the average, 0.278 and 0.588 l m-2 were needed in pastures, but this amount decreased significantly in theoats: 0.059 and 0.110 l m-2 in slates and granites, respectively; with better use of the water in the more fertile soils. Theeconomic response to the oat sowing was about 252 and of 160 euros ha-1 year-1 in slates and granites, but there was noeconomic response to the fertilization and superficial tilling of pastures during the period of the experiment.

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