scholarly journals Geometric estimates of variations in space geodetic data

2021 ◽  
Vol 929 (1) ◽  
pp. 012016
Author(s):  
S I Kuzikov
Keyword(s):  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Maximum Density ◽  
Geodetic Data ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Useful Signal ◽  
Sample Density ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Structural Levels ◽  
Variation Interval ◽  
Geometric Estimates

Abstract Well-known statistical parameters have some disadvantages when analyzing space geodetic data. Geometric parameters are proposed here for estimating the variation properties of samples for various discrete datasets. The proposed parameters are logically related to each other and are based on the simplest well-known statistical parameters; they do not depend on the type of distribution of the sample under study. “Variation asymmetry” shows the shift of the arithmetic mean relative to the center of the variation interval in the units of the studied sample. “Density of variation” characterizes the level of average variability in sample units. This parameter has several times greater discriminatory sensitivity to extremely different types of variations than linear and standard deviations. The relative parameter “proportion of maximum density” shows the closeness of variation to a uniform distribution in the ranked sample and complements the indicator of variation density. An algorithm for separating different structural levels of the useful signal from emissions (noise) is proposed here based on the calculation of geometric characteristics. The iterations of dividing the sample into structurally homogeneous segments can be stopped at the level of the proportion of maximum density ≥0.9 when analyzing real GPS coordinates.

scholarly journals Application of descriptive statistics in analysis of experimental data

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
Milorad Mirilovic ◽  
Ivana Pejin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Qualitative Investigation ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Variation Interval ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

Statistics today represent a group of scientific methods for the quantitative and qualitative investigation of variations in mass appearances. In fact, statistics present a group of methods that are used for the accumulation, analysis, presentation and interpretation of data necessary for reaching certain conclusions. Statistical analysis is divided into descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistics. The values which represent the results of an experiment, and which are the subject of observation of a certain occurrence, are called parameters and they are divided into descriptive and numerical. All numerical parameters are divided into non-continuous and continuous. The graphic presentation of the distribution of frequencies can be by poligon or histogram. The most frequently applied descriptive statistical methods are: arithmetic mean, standard deviation, standard error of arithmetic mean, variation coefficient, and variation interval.

Clause-final negation

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ger P. Reesink
Keyword(s):  
Final Position ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Structural Levels ◽  
Sentential Operator ◽  
Negative Adverb

Negation in a number of Austronesian and Papuan languages with SVO order is expressed by a rather rigid clause-final position of the negative adverb. Some typological generalizations for negation are reviewed and the distribution of this trait in languages of different stocks is discussed, arguing that it most likely originates in Papuan languages. Some proposals for different types of negation, such as whether it is a verbal (or VP) operator, a constituent operator or a sentential operator are considered. The problem of determining the scope of negation is discussed, with the conclusion that hard and fast semantic meanings for NEG at different structural levels cannot be posited, suggesting that perhaps a solution can be found in the application of some universal pragmatic principles.

scholarly journals Geography of braided rivers within the territory of Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 (6) ◽  
pp. 20-34
Author(s):  
R. S. Chalov ◽  
E. R. Chalova
Keyword(s):  
River Channels ◽  
Channel Processes ◽  
Channel Changes ◽  
Braided Rivers ◽  
Meandering Channels ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Incised Channel ◽  
Structural Levels ◽  
First Time

The paper represents the geographical analysis of braided river channels development and distribution for the first time in Russian Scientific Literature. On asmall-scale map of Russia we display the distribution of braided channels on small and middle mountain, semi-mountain and plain rivers, in free and limited conditions of channel changes development (on rivers with wide floodplain and incised channel), which are determined by geologic-geomorphologic structure of the territory. On the large and largest rivers we distinguish braided reaches of different morphological types according to the MSU classification (single, conjugated, one-sided and alternate one-sided, sub-parallel branches, etc) and also bifurcations as aconsequence of meander cut-off which complicate the morphology of straight and meandering channels. Separately we display bifurcations on the other structural levels of channel processes development point mid-channel bifurcations on mountain reaches of large rivers, split channels and deltaic braided reaches. The causes of different types of braided channels development in different natural conditions are described.

An Illustration of the Common Statistical Averages

1952 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 578-581
Author(s):  
Arthur E. Hallerberg
Keyword(s):  
General Type ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Good Representative ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Common

In order to illustrate the use of some of the more common measures of central tendency in the field of statistics, it is usually necessary to refer to frequency distributions based upon different kinds of observations or measurements. This is natural and appropriate, since such measures as the arithmetic mean, the mode, and the median, do not always give equally good representative values for a given set of numerical data. Different types of frequency distributions (i.e., groupings of data into classes with the corresponding frequency of each class), or at least different distributions of the same general type, must therefore be used to illustrate these statistical averages and to show when each gives a more typical value.

scholarly journals Survey of indoor radon (Rn-222) entry and concentrations in different types of building in Kalisz, Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 326 (2) ◽  
pp. 1299-1306
Author(s):  
H. Bem ◽  
S. Janiak ◽  
B. Przybył
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Average Effective Dose ◽  
Calculated Average

Abstract Indoor radon (222Rn) was surveyed in a total of 141 individual houses and apartments used precalibrated passive PicoRad Detectors. The radon activity in the soil gas around the dwellings was simultaneously measured. The arithmetic mean values of indoor radon concentrations for detached houses, old buildings (up to four-stories), prefabricated blocks of flats (mostly five stories) and high-rise residential buildings (10-stories) were:, 70.9; 46.5; 38.4, and 56.6 Bq m−3, respectively. The average arithmetic mean value for all measured rooms equals 51.8 Bq m−3. The calculated average effective dose from indoor radon for the local population was equal to 2.2 mSv.

Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Conditions in fsQCA: Problems and Solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Veri
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Aggregation Techniques ◽  
Multiple Attribute ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Problematic Issue

This article aims to clarify the fundamental aspects of aggregating fuzzy scores of conditions with multiple attributes in fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Fuzzy multiple attribute conditions (FMACs) are conditions that are built using different types of concepts. FMACs are flexible conditions that express the ontological nature of the concept and deals with the causal heterogeneity. In fact, researchers can add a new attribute to a concept in order to consider the concept’s meaning vis-à-vis to the outcome of interest instead of only considering the theory. In relation to FMAC fuzzy scores, we have individuated one problematic issue which is the aggregation strategy of attributes that are already calibrated that should be able to capture conceptual properties of membership and similarity. In this article, we will employ an empirical example in order to deal with causal heterogeneity and aggregation strategies. After discussing the disadvantages of the aggregation techniques used by QCA scholars, we individuate an axiomatic framework for defining logical conjunction operators that allows one to aggregate parts of concepts in accordance with membership and similarity. Then, we propose a technique to assign fuzzy scores to FMAC using the arithmetic mean–based compensatory fuzzy logic. This technique indirectly affects the solution formula(s) following the QCA and allows one to better locate cases in the XY plot during the post-QCA analysis.

scholarly journals Conflict Mobilization in Social Networks Communities as an Actual Practice of Protest Communication: Collective-Personal Dimension

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-139
Author(s):  
L. N. Rebrina
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Actual Practice ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Communicative Behavior ◽  
Interactive Tools ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Virtual Interaction ◽  
Communicative Actions

The results of the analysis of the collectivepersonal dimension ofthe conflict mobilization realized in the communities of social networks as an actual practice of protest communication are presented. The interactive tools of communities of conflict mobilization as actors of protest communication; correlations between various statistical parameters of communities are characterized. The types of publications that form the content of communities have been determined. The main tools for the formation of Internet solidarity, the patterns of virtual interaction regulated by the “we-they” model are presented. Methods and means of explication ofthe addresser and addressee in different types of publications are described. The conclusion is made about the prevalence of ascertaining and regulated communicative actions in the communicative behavior of the addresser; dominance of psychological argumentation; frequent implementation of a phatic strategy through consolidating calls to community members; about the least representation of the strategy of self-presentation, actualized mainly through its identification with a mass addressee and presentation of the group’s collective position. It is shown that the addressee most often performs dramatic and regulated communicative actions; characterized by active self-presentation through the presentation of a subjective position, solidarizing identification and opposition to a common opponent; preference for ethical and emotional arguments; various phatic tactics.

scholarly journals Naming the parts: a case-study of a gender equality initiative with academic women

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 358-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aifric O Grada ◽  
Caitríona Ní Laoire ◽  
Carol Linehan ◽  
Geraldine Boylan ◽  
Linda Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Academic Context ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Structural Levels

Purpose – This paper aims to seek to contribute to current debates about the effectiveness of different types of gender equality interventions in the academic context. This paper presents an argument for the need to move beyond an individual-structural dichotomy in how such interventions are perceived. Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on an action-research case-study, the Through the Glass Ceiling project, to challenge the idea that “individual”/single-actor interventions serve only to reinforce underlying inequalities by attempting to “fix the women”. Findings – It is suggested that actions that support women in their careers have the potential to achieve a degree of transformation at individual, cultural and structural levels when such actions are designed with an understanding of how individuals embody the gendered and gendering social structures and values that are constantly being produced and reproduced within society and academia. The case study highlights the benefits of supporting individuals as gendered actors in gendering institutions and of facilitating the development of critical gender awareness, suggesting that such interventions are most effective when undertaken as part of an integrated institutional equality agenda. Originality/value – By calling attention to the ongoing mutual construction of actors and practices in organizations, this paper seeks to make both a conceptual contribution to how we understand the (re)production and potential transformation of gender relations in academia and to influence wider policy dialogues on diversity at work.

scholarly journals Solar Cell Cracks and Finger Failure Detection Using Statistical Parameters of Electroluminescence Images and Machine Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 8834
Author(s):  
Harsh Rajesh Parikh ◽  
Yoann Buratti ◽  
Sergiu Spataru ◽  
Frederik Villebro ◽  
Gisele Alves Dos Reis Benatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Failure Detection ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Feature Descriptor ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Micro Cracks ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Module Performance

A wide range of defects, failures, and degradation can develop at different stages in the lifetime of photovoltaic modules. To accurately assess their effect on the module performance, these failures need to be quantified. Electroluminescence (EL) imaging is a powerful diagnostic method, providing high spatial resolution images of solar cells and modules. EL images allow the identification and quantification of different types of failures, including those in high recombination regions, as well as series resistance-related problems. In this study, almost 46,000 EL cell images are extracted from photovoltaic modules with different defects. We present a method that extracts statistical parameters from the histogram of these images and utilizes them as a feature descriptor. Machine learning algorithms are then trained using this descriptor to classify the detected defects into three categories: (i) cracks (Mode B and C), (ii) micro-cracks (Mode A) and finger failures, and (iii) no failures. By comparing the developed methods with the commonly used one, this study demonstrates that the pre-processing of images into a feature vector of statistical parameters provides a higher classification accuracy than would be obtained by raw images alone. The proposed method can autonomously detect cracks and finger failures, enabling outdoor EL inspection using a drone-mounted system for quick assessments of photovoltaic fields.

scholarly journals Hydrological and biological regimes of lakes of East Antarctica

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei N. Sharov ◽  
Alekxei V. Tolstikov
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Wind Wave ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Maximum Density ◽  
East Antarctica ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Larsemann Hills ◽  
Schirmacher Oasis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Biological Component

Hydrological and biological regimes of different types of lakes of oases of East Antarctica, Thala Hills, Schirmacher Oasis and Larsemann Hills, were studied in the summer of 2010–2011. In lakes covered with ice, inverse temperature stratification is recorded. In the bottom layers of the water, the temperature (about 4 °C) is close to the values characteristic of water with a maximum density. Isothermy is observed on the opened small lakes, and water in some reservoirs warms up to 8 °С. Benthic communities of cyanobacteria and invertebrates are the main biological component of lakes, where there is no classical food chain and a microbial loop prevails. Studies have shown that a 3-meter layer of ice permits a sufficient amount of light even to a depth of 30 m. Light does not limit the development of algae and cyanobacteria. However, the low content of nutrients in the water limits the growth of phytoplankton, causing low values of biomass (less than 0.01 mg/l) and concentration of chlorophyll a (0.1–0.45 μg/l). A tendency to climate change around the Schirmacher oasis is recorded. In recent decades, some lakes, which in the middle of the last century were constantly covered with ice, began to open in the summer months. In the period when the lake is covered with ice, homothermy is established with a water temperature of 4 °C. After having opened, the water temperature in the lake drops to 0.5–1 °С because of wind-wave cooling.

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