scholarly journals Survey of indoor radon (Rn-222) entry and concentrations in different types of building in Kalisz, Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 326 (2) ◽  
pp. 1299-1306
Author(s):  
H. Bem ◽  
S. Janiak ◽  
B. Przybył
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Average Effective Dose ◽  
Calculated Average

Abstract Indoor radon (222Rn) was surveyed in a total of 141 individual houses and apartments used precalibrated passive PicoRad Detectors. The radon activity in the soil gas around the dwellings was simultaneously measured. The arithmetic mean values of indoor radon concentrations for detached houses, old buildings (up to four-stories), prefabricated blocks of flats (mostly five stories) and high-rise residential buildings (10-stories) were:, 70.9; 46.5; 38.4, and 56.6 Bq m−3, respectively. The average arithmetic mean value for all measured rooms equals 51.8 Bq m−3. The calculated average effective dose from indoor radon for the local population was equal to 2.2 mSv.

An Assessment of the Noise Level in a Residential Area Crossed by an Intensive Traffic Road - Comparative Analysis between on Site Measurements and Legal Standards

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 544-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Stefan ◽  
Mihai Budescu
Keyword(s):  
Noise Level ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Maximum Acceleration ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Road ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
The Mean

Nowadays the noise level increased due to the expanding of the urbanization and the extended number of vehicles. The aim of the study is to assess the level noise in the area of an urban intensive traffic road. The selected road has residential buildings on both sides and it makes the link between two major areas in the town. Last year, along with the rehabilitation of the bridge on this road and of the street’s pavement, a protection barrier has been mounted on the sidewalk.Measurements of the noise levels were taken during a workday, within rush-hours and low-traffic hours, using a sound level measuring instrument. The measurements were taken along the road, in three characteristic spots of the ramp input on the bridge: 1 – close to the traffic light (with the vehicles at rest), 2 - mid ramp (area of maximum acceleration) and 3 - at the end of the ramp, thus determining the noise level in the area. Measurements were also made perpendicular to the road: at the border of the sidewalk, behind the protective barrier and near the facade of the building, to determine the effectiveness of the protection barrier.Maximum, minimum and the mean value of the urban noise level in the area have been determined and compared to the legal standards for urban residential roads.By analyzing measured data it can be concluded that the mean values exceed the maximum permitted levels.

An Analysis of Embodied Carbon between Different Types of Residential Buildings in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 450-451 ◽  
pp. 1557-1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Yuan ◽  
Jun Yuan Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Information Model ◽  
Lifecycle Assessment ◽  
Building Information Model ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Building Information

Using the method of lifecycle assessment (LCA) and building information model (BIM), this paper compares quantitatively the embodied carbon levels of three typical residential buildings: a five-storied townhouse, a fourteen-storied medium high-rise and a thirty-storied high-rise. This study consequently finds out that, in a specific period (i.e. from cradle to site), the medium high-rise emits the least embodied carbon and therefore is preferable in this respect.

scholarly journals Experimental study of the influence of family structure on the development of creativity of children of preschool age

HUMANITARIUM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-72
Author(s):  
Iryna Zozulia ◽  
Yaroslava Vasylkevych
Keyword(s):  
Family Structure ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
Large Families ◽  
General Indicator

The article presents theoretical substantiation and empirical research of the problem of the influence of the family structure on the development of creativity of children of preschool age. The relationship between creativity and family type, number of children in the family, birth order, and intervals between births is analyzed. Peculiarities of influence of family structure (by the number of children) for the development of creativity of children of preschool age are researched. The absence of significant differences in partial (productivity, flexibility, originality) and a general indicator of verbal creativity of children with one child, small and large families has been experimentally established. Research of figurative creativity allowed to identify significant differences in partial indicators of productivity and originality, and the general indicator of figurative creativity: the highest arithmetic mean values are determined in the group of children from small families, and the lowest - in the group of children from large families. In children brought up in single children families, the highest arithmetic mean value is revealed by the partial indicator of the name, and the lowest - in children from large families. In children of preschool age from single, small, and large families no significant differences by partial indicators of the development and resistance to the closure were found. The heterogeneity of verbal and figurative creativity structure is determined in children of preschool age in all types of families. Significant differences were found in the general indicators of creativity: the highest arithmetic mean value was determined in the group of children from small families, and the lowest - in children from large families. Conclusions are made that children from small families are the most creative, and children from large families - the least.

scholarly journals Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), arsenic, chromium and lead in warty crab (Eriphia verrucosa): occurrence and risk assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Lambiase ◽  
Andrea Ariano ◽  
Francesco Paolo Serpe ◽  
Marcello Scivicco ◽  
Salvatore Velotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Route Of Exposure ◽  
Contamination Levels

AbstractThis study assesses the PAH and heavy metal levels in muscle of warty crabs (Eriphia verrucosa), from the northern coast of the Campania region improving the data on toxic contaminants in this crustacean. The results showed a minimal PAH contamination; the mean concentrations were as follows: 0.2, 1.6 and 1.7 μg kg-1 wet weight (ww) for BaP, PAH4 and PAH6, respectively. Regarding the levels of the two PAHs not included in the European regulations, the BkF mean concentration was 0.1 μg kg-1 ww, while DahA was detected only in 10.7% of samples. Pb and Cr were also detected at low levels with mean values of 0.068 and 0.468 mg kg-1 ww, respectively; instead, high As levels, with a mean value of 5.021 mg kg-1 ww, were found. Considering the EWIs and the ILCRs calculated in this study, the PAH, Pb and Cr contamination levels found in the edible part of the crabs resulted safe for human consumption. Contrariwise, the ILCR calculated for the As exceeded the acceptable level of cancer risk, although the calculation did not refer to the inorganic form which is the only one recognized as carcinogenic. Hence, this study shows that warty crabs can accumulate environmental contaminants in their muscle tissue representing an important route of exposure to these toxics for the local population that regularly consumes them. This finding highlights the importance of monitoring the presence of these pollutants in crabs and in general in all fish and seafood in order to ensure food safety for consumers.

scholarly journals A COMPARASION OF BRACKET DEBONDING FORCES BETWEEN THE TWO ADHESIVES: CON TEC LC AND CON TEC DUO

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladan Mirjanić ◽  
Đorđe Mirjanić ◽  
Slobodan Čupić
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Axial Stretch ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Orthodontics Brackets ◽  
Debonding Process

Fixed technique for applying brackets would be impossible without using adhesives for their fixation to the tooth enamel. However, the use of adhesives entails a number of problems which are a consequence of their imperfection, besides the fact that they have been actually applied for a number of decades already. The paper will analyze the debonding force values for bracket-tooth interface by using Con Tec LC and, Con Tec Duo. For comparative analysis of the strength of bracket-tooth interface, with the application of different types of adhesives, 80 extracted teeth of the frontal region were used (maxillary and mandibular incisors and canines). For the debonding process of applied orthodontics brackets, single-axial Stretch system for examination of tissues was applied to determine the value of the force necessary to separate the bracket from tooth surface, i.e. it was used to test debonding force. The direction of the used force for debonding was under angle of 90 degrees to the vertical axis of the tooth. By comparison of mean values of the strength of interface among the tested groups, it was determined that the highest average value of bond strength was with the group of teeth with which Con Tec Duo was used, a little lower mean value was recorded with the use of Con Tec LC adhesive.

scholarly journals Radon levels in different types of bottled drinking water and carbonated drinks in Iraqi markets

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Abid Abojassim ◽  
Suha H. Kadhim ◽  
Hussien Abid Ali Mraity ◽  
Rua R. Munim
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
World Health ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Carbonated Drinks

In the present work, radon concentration was measured for different types of bottled drinking water and carbonated drink samples that are available in Iraqi markets. Radon measurements were carried out using a RAD-7 electronic radon detector. Annual effective dose was also calculated. The measured radon concentration in samples of bottled drinking water ranged from 0.0354 to 0.248 Bq/l with a mean value of 0.11265 Bq/l and the measured radon concentration in the samples of the carbonated drinks lay between 0.0354 and 0.283 Bq/l with a mean value of 0.1418 Bq/l. The mean values of the effective dose in all samples of bottled drinking water and carbonated drinks were found to be 0.410844 and 1.022 μSv/y respectively. The results of this work revealed that the radon concentrations were lower than the recommended limits indicated by the World Health Organization and by the regulatory bodies of the European Union.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Mycotoxins and Endotoxins in Total Mixed Rations and Different Types of Ensiled Forages for Dairy Cows in Lithuania

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 890
Author(s):  
Gintarė Vaičiulienė ◽  
Bronius Bakutis ◽  
Jurgita Jovaišienė ◽  
Rimvydas Falkauskas ◽  
Gediminas Gerulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Forage Maize ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Concentration Limits

In this study, 119 samples of total mixed rations and different types of ensiled forage (maize and grass silage, and haylage) collected in 2019–2020 from dairy farms in Lithuania were analyzed to evaluate the quantitative occurrence of mycotoxins and endotoxins. Samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescent (FLD) and an ultraviolet detector (UV) of mycotoxins and a detection assay based on the ELISA technology for endotoxins. The study included toxins regulated within the European Union (aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON) and T-2 toxin) and nonregulated toxins (endotoxins). Mycotoxin analysis showed that 49.58% of the samples out of 119 were positive for AFB1, 52.11% for ZEA and DON, 55.47% for T-2 toxin and 84.04% for endotoxins. In the contaminated samples, the highest mean values of AFB1 and T-2 toxin were determined in the grass silage samples, while ZEA and DON–were determined in the maize silage samples. Maize silage samples had the highest ZEA and DON concentrations, exceeding the EU maximum permissible concentration limits. In the haylage samples, AFB1 mycotoxin exceeded the maximum concentration limits. The highest mean value of endotoxins was determined in the total mixed rations samples. This is the first study to provide information about the concentrations of mycotoxins and endotoxins in total mixed rations and different types of ensiled forages for dairy cows in Lithuania.

Incidence of Staphylococcus aureus and its Enterotoxins in Chicken Meat and its Products

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Isolation Technique ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Unsaturated Fat ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Production Activity ◽  
Different Types

Chicken meat are being widely consumed as they contain high protein and a healthier unsaturated fat type. Chicken burger represent a consumer palatable chicken product. Both chicken and its products are liable to different types of contamination during their preparation and processing. Contamination by S. aureus and its enterotoxins poses a major public health hazard to chicken meat consumes. During this study 100 different samples of chicken fillet, deboned thigh, wing, mechanically deboned meat (MDM) and chicken burger (20 each) was collected from market and investigated for their S. aureus count and ability of the isolated strains to produce enterotoxins using conventional plating and isolation technique as well as using SET-RPLA toxin detection kit. Results revealed that mean values of S. aureus count in all samples exceeded the permissible limits and hence being unacceptable. MDM isolated exhibited staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) production of three different types SEA, SEC and SED. Meanwhile chicken burger S. aureus isolates produced only SEA and SEC enterotoxins. While isolated S. aureus from chicken fillet and deboned thigh didn’t exhibit any enterotoxin production activity. It’s recommended to follow the hygienic practices during different processing stages to avoid the risk of S. aureus and its enterotoxins.

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