scholarly journals Effectiveness Of Boezem As A Zero Runoff In Blimbing Subdistric, Malang

2021 ◽  
Vol 930 (1) ◽  
pp. 012037
Author(s):  
U Andawayanti ◽  
E N Cahya ◽  
A Fitriyasari ◽  
C Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Drainage Channel ◽  
Drainage Channels ◽  
Zero Runoff ◽  
Water Catchment ◽  
Steel Gate

Abstract During the rainy season, inundation often occurs in Blimbing Hamlet, Malang, which caused by inadequate existing drains and lack of utilization in water catchment buildings. Therefore it is necessary to accommodate this condition using zero runoff concept, by utilizing boezem, which is expected there is no inundation at all by flowing flow immediately either seeping into the ground or into an artificial landfill. In Blimbing Hamlet, there is a boezem for serving and accommodating rainwater. For overcoming inundation in this area, maximalizing the boezem is significantly essential. This research is aimed to know the effectiveness of boezem for zero runoff. This assessment was done by hydrology analysis to obtain Q2, and Q5, for boezem planning, inlet outlets gate, and new drainage channels. The evaluation for existing drainage system showed there was inundation in some drainage channels. A boezem area of 836.9 m2 with 1.1 m depth can reduce inundation to 10%. Alternative inundation countermeasures are carried out with the added depth of 3 m, floodgates on inlets and outlets with of 0.5 m width steel gate, and drainage channel inlets and outlets. With the rehabilitation of boezem and other complementary buildings, it can reduce inundation by 30%.

scholarly journals REVIEW OF ROAD DRAINAGE SYSTEM (CASE STUDY: JALAN CIGOMBONG KM 16 - KM 23)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Yahya Azura ◽  
Heny Purwanti ◽  
Wahyu Gendam Prakoso
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Road User ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Drainage Channel ◽  
Flow Plan ◽  
The Road ◽  
Final Project ◽  
Drainage Channels

A good road drainage system is needed to ensure that road user activities are not disrupted due to rain puddles. The cause of inundation that occurs is land use change, there is no drainage channel, the channel is not well connected, the channel is closed due to widening of the road without considering drainage channels. Given this, research needs to be carried out on the condition of the existing drainage system as a material consideration for evaluating its feasibility and planning a drainage system that is able to overcome the inundation that occurs. Writing this final project refers to primary data and secondary data that already exist. The rainfall data came from the Climatology and Geophysics Meteorological Agency, Balai Besar Region II, Bogor Regency, which is the Darmaga huajn rainfall measurement station and the PUPR Binamarga Office of Bogor Regency. Meanwhile, to find out the dimensions of the existing drainage channels obtained by conducting surveys and direct observation to the field. Data analysis which was carried out was hydrological and hydraulics analysis. Hydrological analysis includes the analysis of rainfall frequency, determining the repeat period, calculating the concentration time, analyzing the rainfall intensity, and calculating the flow flow plan. Based on the results of hydrological analyzes, the hydraulics analysis is then performed, such as calculating the plan channel profile and calculating the height of the planned channel guard. From all of these analyzes, the results of the drainage study on the Cigombong KM 16 - KM 23 highway were carried out, that is, the entire capacity of the existing canals was not able to accommodate the planned flow discharge for a return period of 2 years 5 years 50 years. In addition, the results of the analyzes that have been carried out show that the rain that occurs during a certain period of time and a certain return period greatly affects the planned drainage channel profile and is due to the large amount of garbage in the channel which affects the reservoirs in the drainage that often occur frequently

scholarly journals Evaluasi Jaringan Drainase Kecamatan Tanjung Kabupaten Lombok Utara

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-197
Author(s):  
Ari Ramadhan Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Drainage Channels

North Lombok Regency is located north of the below of Mount Rinjani where this area consists of five sub-districts, i.e., Pemenang, Tanjung, Gangga, Kayangan, and Bayan sub-districts, with a total population of 220,412 people. Despite being the youngest district, it has many problems, one of which is environmental problems, such as flooding and inundation. During the rainy season, inundation occurs in several locations in Tanjung District. Inundation happens because the existing drainage system is not functioning correctly. Based on the background mentioned before, a study was conducted to determine the condition of the existing channel, the factors causing inundation, and appropriate actions to overcome the problem of flooding and inundation in Tanjung District, North Lombok Regency. The method used in this research is to make observations and surveys in the field. From the analysis results, it is known that the problems of flooding and inundation in Tanjung District, North Lombok Regency are influenced by natural conditions and human activities. The solution or action that can be taken is to redesign and repair the damaged canal walls and clean the drainage channels from sediment and pile of trash.ABSTRAKKabupaten Lombok Utara berada di sebelah utara kaki Gunung Rinjani. Terdiri dari lima kecamatan yakni Kecamatan Pemenang, Tanjung, Gangga, Kayangan, dan Bayan dengan total jumlah penduduk 220.412 jiwa. Meskipun menjadi kabupaten termuda, banyak permasalahan yang dihadapi, salah satunya permasalahan lingkungan, seperti banjir dan genangan. Ketika musim penghujan terjadi genangan di beberapa lokasi di Kecamatan Tanjung. Hal ini disebabkan oleh sitem drainase yang ada tidak berfungsi dengan baik. Berdasarkan latar belakang di atas, dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui kondisi saluran eksisting, faktor penyebab terjadinya genangan dan upaya apa yang sesuai untuk menanggulangi permasalahan banjir dan genangan di Kecamatan Tanjung Kabupaten Lombok Utara. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan melakukan observasi dan survey di lapangan. Hasil dari analisi diketahui bahwa permasalahan banjir dan genangan di Kecamatan Tanjung Kabupaten Lombok Utara dipengaruhi oleh kondisi alam dan aktivitas manusia. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan saat ini adalah dengan melakukan redesain dan perbaikan pada dinding-dinding saluran yang mengalami kerusakan serta membersihkan saluran drainase dari tumpukan sedimentasi dan sampah.

scholarly journals PERENCANAAN SISTEM DRAINASE (Studi Kasus Jalan Sungai Beringin Kecamatan Tembilahan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
Ardiansyah Ardiansyah ◽  
M. Gasali M.
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Channel Width ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Channel Height ◽  
Drainage Channel ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

Abstract Sungai Beringin Street is a road that has the status of a provincial road, as a connecting road between the capital city of the District of Tembilahan with other districts such as Batang Tuaka Subdistrict, Gaung Serka Children, Gaung and its surroundings. Jalan Sungai Beringin is one of the most densely populated areas of vehicle traffic experiencing flooding problems that regularly occur during the rainy season, because the condition of the drainage system is not well connected and there is no drainage channel on the road. Inundation will affect traffic for vehicles using the road to carry out daily activities, so that it can allow a greater disaster to harm the local community both property and life. According to Suripin, (2004; 7) drainage originating from English Drainage means to drain, drain, dispose of, or divert water. Drainage in the field of civil engineering, can be defined as a technical action to reduce excess water, both from rainwater, seepage, or excess irrigation water from an area / land, so that the function of the area / land is not disturbed. Drainage can also be interpreted as an effort to control the quality of groundwater in relation to salinity, so drainage involves not only surface water but also groundwater. Planning of drainage system for Parit 16 road with dimensions of channel height (h) 0.85 meters, channel width (b) 1.00 meters with slope of 0.04 and safety height of 0.65 meters while trench road 17 with high dimensions of the channel ( h) 0.95 meters, channel width (b) 1.00 meters with a slope of 0.04 and height of 0.69 meters construction of this drainage system in order to accommodate the rainwater discharge on the Beringin River which causes flood inundation during the rainy season . From the results of analysis of calculations, the total cost of the Budget Plan is obtained. The cost of constructing the ditch 16 drainage channel is = Rp. 3,219,594,000.00 and drainage ditch 17 drainage channel = Rp. 3,859,080,000.00.   Abstrak Jalan Sungai Beringin adalah jalan yang berstatus jalan Propinsi, sebagai jalan penghubung antara Ibu Kota Kabupaten Kecamatan Tembilahan dengan Kecamatan lain seperti Kecamatan Batang Tuaka, Gaung Anak Serka, Gaung dan sekitarnya. Jalan Sungai Beringin merupakan salah satu wilayah jalan lalu lintas kendaraan yang cukup padat mengalami masalah banjir genangan air yang rutin terjadi pada saat musim hujan, dikarenakan kondisi sistem drainase belum terhubung dengan baik dan tidak adanya saluran drainase pada ruas jalan tersebut. Genangan akan mengangu lalu lintas bagi kendaraan yang mengunakan ruas jalan tersebut untuk melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari, maka dapat memungkinkan terjadi bencana yang lebih besar hingga merugikan masyarakat setempat baik harta benda maupun nyawa. Menurut Suripin, (2004; 7) drainase yang berasal dari bahasa Inggris Drainage mempunyai arti mengalirkan, menguras, membuang, atau mengalihkan air. Drainase dalam bidang teknik sipil, dapat didefinisikan sebagai suatu tindakan teknis untuk mengurangi kelebihan air, baik yang berasal dari air hujan, rembesan, maupun kelebihan air irigasi dari suatu kawasan/lahan, sehingga fungsi kawasan/lahan tidak terganggu. Drainase dapat juga diartikan sebagai usaha untuk mengontrol kualitas air tanah dalam kaitannya dengan salinitas, jadi drainase menyangkut tidak hanya air permukaan tapi juga air tanah. Perencanaan sistem drainase ruas jalan Parit 16 dengan dimensi tinggi saluran (h) 0,85 meter, lebar saluran (b) 1,00 meter dengan kemiringan 0,04 dan tinggi jagaan 0,65 meter sedangkan ruas jalan parit 17 dengan dimensi tinggi saluran (h) 0,95 meter, lebar saluran (b) 1,00 meter dengan kemiringan 0,04 dan tinggi jagaan 0,69 meter pembangunan sistem drainase ini agar dapat menampung debit air hujan di jalan Sungai Beringin yang menyebabkan banjir genangan pada saat musim hujan. Dari hasil analisa perhitungan maka diperoleh total biaya Rencana Anggaran Biaya pembangunan saluran drainase ruas jalan parit 16 sebesar = Rp. 3,219,594,000.00 dan saluran drainase ruas jalan parit 17 sebesar = Rp. 3,859,080,000.00.  

scholarly journals Perencanaan Saluran Drainase pada Jalan Donowarih Kecamatan Karangploso Kabupaten Malang

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Suhudi Suhudi ◽  
Harvy Irvani
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Drainage Channel ◽  
The Road ◽  
Construction Design ◽  
Flood Discharge ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Drainage Channels ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Land Use Maps

The drainage system is needed to prevent the occurrence of puddles, dispose of rainwater that is not absorbed in the soil, and make the surrounding environment unhealthy. Karangploso sub-district is a sub-district which is the center of economic, social and local government activities. However, there are problems of flooding or puddles which are the thoughts and concerns of various parties, this is due to the lack of drainage channels in and around the Karangploso District area. This research was carried out in the Borogragal hamlet of Donowarih Village, Karangploso District, Malang Regency. The research method used is the Rational method, namely Qa = 0.00278. C.I.A, uses hydrology analysis, rainfall data and land use maps. From the results of the data analysis states that the amount of rainfall with a return period of 10 years. 10 year return flood discharge for: Q sal. = 1.0 m3 / second. The existing drainage channel capacity is as big as Q sal. = 0.389 m3 / second. The existing channel dimensions are not enough to pass a 10-year return flood discharge of 1.0 m3 / sec. Drainage plan is as big as: Q sal. = 0.410 m3 / sec. The construction design for drainage lines on the road is b = 0.60 m and h = 0.80 m. In order to prevent inundation, the community is advised not to dispose of garbage on the canal and to carry out routine maintenance by related agencies and the community.ABSTRAKSistem drainase sangat dibutuhkan untuk mencegah terjadinya genangan air, membuang air hujan yang tidak terserap dalam tanah, serta membuat lingkungan sekitar menjadi tidak sehat. Kecamatan Karangploso merupakan Kecamatan yang menjadi pusat perekonomian, sosial, dan aktivitas pemerintah daerah. Namun terdapat permasalahan banjir atau genangan air yang menjadi pemikiran dan perhatian dari berbagai pihak, Ini disebabkan minimnya saluran drainase di dalam maupun sekitar wilayah Kecamatan Karangploso. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di dusun Borogragal Desa Donowarih, Kecamatan Karangploso Kabupaten Malang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Rasional yakni Qa = 0.00278. C.I.A, menggunakan analisa hidrologi, data curah hujan dan peta tata guna lahan. Dari hasil analisis data menyatakan bahwa jumlah curah hujan dengan kala ulang 10 tahun. Debit banjir kala ulang 10 tahun sebesar: Q sal. = 1,0 m3/detik. Kapasitas saluran drainase yang ada sebesar Q sal. = 0,389 m3/detik. Dimensi saluran yang ada tidak cukup untuk melewatkan debit banjir kala ulang 10 tahun sebesar 1,0 m3/ detik. Rencana saluran drainase sebesar : Q sal. = 0,410 m3/detik. Desain konstruksi untuk saluran drainase di jalan adalah b = 0,60 m dan h = 0,80 m. Untuk menjaga agar tidak terjadi genangan maka dihimbau kepada masyarakat agar tidak membuang sampah pada saluran dan mengadakan pemeliharaan secara rutin oleh Dinas terkait dan juga masyarakat.Kata Kunci: drainase; banjir; curah hujan; analisa hidrologi

scholarly journals Analisa Penentuan Skala Prioritas Genangan atau Banjir di Kecamatan Bogor Selatan

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 081
Author(s):  
Anita Rufina ◽  
Eka Wardhani ◽  
Lina Apriyanti Sulistyowati
Keyword(s):  
Channel Capacity ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Water Structure ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Drainage Channel ◽  
Channel System ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
Drainage Channels ◽  
Housing Regulation

Abstract Drainage system is a water structure that has a function to reduce excess water from an area or land (Suripin, 2004). Based on the 2018 Bogor City Drainage Masterplan, there are drainage channel problems in 18 flood innudation points in South Bogor District. Out of 18 innudation points, 9 points have been choosen to be prioritized according to a priority scale after comparing parameters stated in Minister of Public Works and Public Housing Regulation No.12 of 2014 concerning the Implementations of Urban Drainage System. The 9 innudation points are located in 4 villages, and villages with the highest flood innudation points are Lawanggintung, Cikaret, Kertamaya and Batutulis. Flooding in South Bogor District is caused by problems in the drainage channel system. Problems that arise includes the conversion of irrigation and waste in drainage channels, overloaded drainage channels, broken water embankment, lack of drainage channels, reduction of channel capacity by permanently narrowing or closing channels, lack of channel capacity, as well channel siltation due to the waste.  Keywords: drainage, water puddles, flooding  Abstrak Sistem drainase merupakan bangunan air yang memiliki fungsi untuk mengurangi kelebihan air dari suatu kawasan atau lahan. (Suripin, 2004). Berdasarkan masterplan drainase Kota Bogor tahun 2018, Kecamatan Bogor Selatan memiliki permasalahan saluran drainase meliputi 18 titik genangan banjir. Pada 18 titik genangan banjir, terdapat 9 titik genangan banjir yang menjadi prioritas berdasarkan metode skala prioritas, yakni dengan memberikan skoring pada kondisi genangan terhadap parameter-parameter yang terdapat pada Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat No.12 Tahun 2014 tentang Penyelenggaraan Sistem Drainase Perkotaan.  Daerah yang meliputi 9 titik genangan banjir tersebar di 4 kelurahan. Kelurahan dengan titik genangan banjir paling tinggi adalah Kelurahan Lawanggintung, Cikaret, Kertamaya, dan Batutulis. Permasalahan yang menyebabkan terjadinya genangan banjir di wilayah Kecamatan Bogor Selatan adalah pada sistem saluran drainase. Permasalahan yang timbul meliputi alih fungsi saluran irigasi dan sampah, kapasitas saluran drainase terlampaui, rusaknya tanggul penampung air, belum adanya saluran drainase, pengurangan kapasitas saluran seperti tertutupnya saluran secara permanen dan penyempitan, kapasitas saluran drainase yang minim, serta terjadinya pendangkalan saluran oleh sampah. Kata Kunci: drainase, genangan air, banjir

Restructuring of Backrest and Drainage Provision System in the Campus Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Ofik T. Purwadi ◽  
L. Afriani ◽  
A. Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Flood Inundation ◽  
Drainage Channels ◽  
The University ◽  
Artificial Reservoirs

The University of Lampung area, especially in the Faculty of ISIP, FEB, and FT is a densely packed student area. This area has undergone many land-use changes. The condition of the land as a green open space has changed its function to become an area for lecture buildings and offices. One of the impacts is an increase in direct surface runoff and a decrease in the quantity of water that seeps into the ground, this condition causes flooding during the rainy season. To facilitate the rehabilitation of the drainage system in the University of Lampung area, it is necessary to redesign the drainage system of the University of Lampung area. Rehabilitation of drainage channels is carried out to resolve flood inundation points that occur during the rainy season. Rainwater that is channeled through drainage channels is directed to natural or artificial reservoirs. The collected rainwater is used to recharge groundwater through natural infiltration methods. The analysis carried out in this study includes hydrological analysis and analysis of the existing drainage sections and the solutions are given. The hydrological analysis aims to calculate the planned discharge using the rational method. Modeling with the application used in this study aims to determine the capacity of the water level in the existing channel. Based on the results of the analysis, in the area, the Faculty of Engineering experienced runoff and inundation. This situation requires rehabilitation of the Lampung University area drainage system.

scholarly journals SIDOARJO MUD DRAINAGE SYSTEM

CI-TECH ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Achmad Baydhowi ◽  
Soebagio
Keyword(s):  
Drainage System ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Drainage Channel ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
South Side ◽  
Flood Discharge ◽  
Discharge Plan ◽  
Embankment Height

Sidoarjo or Lusi mud has an area of ​​640 ha and an average embankment height of 10 meters and submerges three sub-districts, namely Porong District, Jabon District and Tanggulangin District. In 2018, the Sidoarjo mud embankment has decreased or subsided by up to 8.5 meters at several points, which was caused by the condition of the embankment which was almost full and caused the soil condition of the embankment to become unstable. For this problem, it is necessary to build a drainage channel at the edge of the embankment to overcome the overflow of the embankment and flow it to the Porong river which is on the south side of the Sidoarjo mud embankment. From the calculation of the planned rain discharge, it is found that R2 = 72.95 mm after the planned rainfall is obtained, then the next is to look for the flood discharge plan which then plans the dimensions of the channel on the west and east sides of the embankment after obtaining the dimensions of the channel, then the next is planning the resistance pond and draining it to the porong river. with Siphon Network Pipe

scholarly journals Thermal structure and drainage system of a small valley glacier (Tellbreen, Svalbard), investigated by ground penetrating radar

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bælum ◽  
D. I. Benn
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Differential Gps ◽  
Glacier Surface ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Drainage Channels ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Subglacial Drainage

Abstract. Proglacial icings accumulate in front of many High Arctic glaciers during the winter months, as water escapes from englacial or subglacial storage. Such icings have been interpreted as evidence for warm-based subglacial conditions, but several are now known to occur in front of cold-based glaciers. In this study, we investigate the drainage system of Tellbreen, a 3.5 km long glacier in central Spitsbergen, where a large proglacial icing develops each winter, to determine the location and geometry of storage elements. Digital elevation models (DEMs) of the glacier surface and bed were constructed using maps, differential GPS and ground penetrating radar (GPR). Rates of surface lowering indicate that the glacier has a long-term mass balance of −0.6 ± 0.2 m/year. Englacial and subglacial drainage channels were mapped using GPR, showing that Tellbreen has a diverse drainage system that is capable of storing, transporting and releasing water year round. In the upper part of the glacier, drainage is mainly via supraglacial channels. These transition downglacier into shallow englacial "cut and closure" channels, formed by the incision and roof closure of supraglacial channels. Below thin ice near the terminus, these channels reach the bed and contain stored water throughout the winter months. Even though no signs of temperate ice were detected and the bed is below pressure-melting point, Tellbreen has a surface-fed, channelized subglacial drainage system, which allows significant storage and delayed discharge.

Cd, Cr and Ni in drainage water from agricultural soils. Case study of South Alicante.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Navarro-Pedreño ◽  
María Belén Almendro-Candel ◽  
Ignacio Meléndez-Pastor ◽  
Ignacio Gómez-Lucas ◽  
Manuel M. Jordán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Land Cover Changes ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Drainage Channels

<p>Mediterranean coastal areas have been cultivated for long time. Wetlands areas situated near to the coast have been drainaged by using drainage channels. Heavy metals can be transferred from soils to the channels under agricultural management practices, especially under flood and furrow irrigation (the most important in the area studied). Anthropogenic inputs, including excessive use of agrochemicals and manure, in agricultural soils contribute to an increase of the content of some toxic heavy metals [1].</p><p>The agricultural area situated in the South of the province of Alicante has an important drainage system (avoiding to be a coastal wetland), which more than a thousand kilometers that allow the cultivation on calcareous soils (mainly Fluvisols). However, land uses have been changing and an important transformation of rural areas to residential areas have been occurred in the recent decades.</p><p>Under this situation, the presence of Cd, Cr and Ni in drainaged waters derived from infiltration from agricultural soils, and runoff from some urban areas, have been checked in the main drainage system (13 drainage channels) in order to detect possible influences of soil management in metal pollution. Water samples were taking along the channels in three to ten points of each channel, depending on the length, and metals were analyzed following standard methods [2]. At the same time, the land cover has been analyzed by using the last data from National Aerial Orthophotography Plan (available from the National Center of Geographical Information, Spain).</p><p>The most important result obtained was that the presence of Cd in the waters was under the limit of detection of 0.1 μg/L. This result reflected the absence of pollution sources of this metal from soils to these drainage channels.</p><p>Moreover, in the case of Cr, the values obtained were even below the reference values ​​for drinking water [3]. However, the major concentrations of this metal were between 6 to μg/L in only 4 channels. Ni, whose concentrations were lower than those for Cr, has values under 7 μg/L. Heavy metal pollution, at least in the elements analyzed, does not seem to be a serious problem in terms of the quality of these waters.</p><p>Although many land cover changes have occurred, most of the soils are dedicated to agriculture. On the other hand, no clear effects related to the proximity of urban areas to the drainage channels have been observed.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Heavy metals; irrigation; land cover changes, pollution, wetlands.</p><p> </p><p><strong>References</strong></p><p>[1] Navarro-Pedreño, J.; Almendro-Candel, M.B.; Gómez, I.; Jordan, MM; Bech, J.; Zorpas, A.A. (2018). Trace metal content and availability of essential metals in agricultural soils of Alicante (Spain). Sustainability 10, 4534.</p><p> [2] APHA, AWWA, WEF (2012). Standard Methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Ed. American Public Health Association, Washington.</p><p>[3] Real Decreto 314/2016, de 29 de julio, por el que se modifican el Real Decreto 140/2003, de 7 de febrero, por el que se establecen los criterios sanitarios de la calidad del agua de consumo humano.</p>

scholarly journals Borehole water-level variations and the structure of the subglacial hydrological system of Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Valais, Switzerland

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (139) ◽  
pp. 572-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Hubbard ◽  
M. J. Sharp ◽  
I. C. Willis ◽  
M. K. Nielsen ◽  
C. C. Smart
Keyword(s):  
Distributed System ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Variable Pressure ◽  
Sediment Layer ◽  
Drainage Channels ◽  
Hydrological System ◽  
Borehole Water ◽  
Water Level Variations

AbstractLate-summer subglacial water pressures have been measured in a dense array of boreholes in the ablation area of Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland. Interpolated surfaces of minimum diurnal water pressure and diurnal water-pressure variation suggest the presence of a subglacial channel within a more widespread, distributed drainage system. The channel flows along the centre of a variable pressure axis (VPA), some tens of metres wide, that is characterized by low minimum diurnal water pressures (frequently atmospheric) and high diurnal water-pressure variations. These characteristics are transitional over a lateral distance of c. 70 m to higher and more stable subglacial water pressures in the adjacent distributed system. Water-pressure variations recorded in boreholes located close to the centre of the VPA reflect the delivery of surface-derived meltwater to the glacier bed and result in a diurnally reversing, transverse hydraulic gradient that drives water out from the channel into the distributed system during the afternoon and back to the channel overnight. Subglacial observations suggest that such flow occurs through a vertically confined sediment layer. Borehole turbidity records indicate that the resulting diurnal water flows are responsible for the mobilization and transport of fine debris in suspension. Analysis of the propagation velocity and amplitude attenuation cf the diurnal pressure waves suggests that the hydraulic conductivity of the sediment layer decreases exponentially with distance from the channel, falling from c. 10−4 m s−1 at the channel boundary to c. 10−7 m s−1 70 m away. These apparent hydraulic conductivities are consistent with Darcian flow through clean sand and typical glacial till, respectively.We suggest that fine material is systematically flushed from basal sediments located adjacent to large, melt-season drainage channels beneath warm-based glaciers. This process may have important implications for patterns of glacier erosion, hydro-chemistry and dynamics.

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