DETECTION OF FLOOD IMPACTED AREAS IN EAST NUSA TENGGARA USING SENTINEL-1 IMAGERY

Flash Floods in East Nusa Tenggara occured on April 4th, 2021. These Flash Floods are scattered from East Flores Regency, Lembata Regency, Alor Regency, Malacca Regency, Sabu Raijua Regency, Kupang City, Kupang Regency, and Ende Regency. The cause of these Flash Floods is the high intensity of rain caused by the tropical cyclone Seroja. Mapping of flood locations plays an important role in prevention and mitigation efforts. In this study, InSAR data processing was carried out from the Sentinel 1A satellite to find flood-affected locations in East Nusa Tenggara. 32 images of Sentinel-1 were processed before and 31 images after the Flash Floods incident. The method used is the classification method using cloud computing, Google Earth Engine. The results show that the flood-affected areas can be detected based on a lower pixel value (indicating a very small signal backscatter value), then compared to the conditions before the flood. The four sample points identified, namely points A, B, C, and D each have pixel values ​​of -8.58, -9.99, -12.43, and -9.29 for the VV polarized image, respectively. For VH polarized image is -17.35, -17.96, -17.84, and -14.22, respectively.

RAILWAY STRUCTURES PERFORMANCE DUE TO FREIGHT INTERMODAL SERVICE AT BOJONEGORO – KALITIDU ROUTE

Goods movement using container are quite efficiently assessed because it can carry a great amount of goods fit to container capacity. Freight transportations is a primary component of all supply-chain and logistics systems, but in contrary using a truck as its transportation means causing many problems such as air and noise pollutions, traffic congestions, road accidents and road damage. Depart from this facts, so government is looking for another means of freight transporter which more efficient with a bigger load capacity advantages. This options goes to train as a solutions of intermodal freight transportations lack. In order to supporting intermodal freight transportations, right now double track of railway is available for Jakarta – Surabaya route (Northern line route). By now, noted that freight transportation with double track railway frequency is potentially increase to 15 trip per days with capacity 500 TEU (Twenty feet Equivalent Units) per days and fuel consumptions (with truck) can be thrifted into 115 kl per days also reducing carbon monoxide emission amounts 350 tons per days. According with an official statements from Directorate General of Railways, Ministry of Transportations, explained that Jakarta – Bojonegoro route on double track railway is fully operated so this paper is conducted to determining feasibility of railway structure performance due to freight intermodal transportations at Bojonegoro – Kalitidu route. Railway structure performance feasibility is observed from loading distributions, rail strength, rail sleeper strength, and railway subgrade endurance to planned freight trains. As a result of this research obtained that tension force that occurred on rail is 830,10 kg/cm2 < permitted tension on rail (first class rail) 1325 kg/cm2. So, tension force that occurred on rail is safe. Moment force that occurred on rail bottom is 14521,25 kg.cm < permitted moment force (150.000 kg.cm) Moment force that occurred in the middle of rail sleeper is 58993,978 kg.cm < permitted moment force (93000 kg.cm). Tension force that occurred on above railway subgrade (σ2) is 4,17 kg/cm2 < qu (29,671 kg/cm2). It means that railway subgrade is capable to supporting load of freight transportation operations along Bojonegoro – Kalitidu route.

ASPHALT CHARACTERISTICS OF CONCRETE ASPHALT MIXED TO REDUCE EARLY DAMAGE IN FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT

Pavement roads in Indonesia often suffer premature damage. Efforts to overcome road damage need to be done by using pavement materials suitable for the climate in Indonesia. This research discusses the comparison of Pertamina asphalt 60/70 and Shell asphalt 60/70 in the concrete asphalt mixture. The variation of the bitumen content used in this study was 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%. From the test results, it can be concluded that Shell asphalt 60/70 penetration is relatively better in terms of the considerable penetration value, softening point, stability value, flow, and Marshall Quotient, which are higher than Pertamina's 60/70 penetration asphalt.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TOWER BASE TRANSCEIVER STATION (BTS) FOOT 4 BETWEEN BRACING TYPE V WITH BRACING TYPE X

The development of an area must be followed by the development of adequate facilities and infrastructure to support the activities of that area. Therefore, an effective and efficient transportation service is needed. The bridge is a means of transportation that functions to connect roads that have been cut off due to obstacles either natural or man-made. The existence of the bridge is expected to facilitate and speed up the trip. The Brantas Bridge that connects Sukoanyar and Krembung Villages uses the warren bridge type, in this analysis a modification is made using a parking type bridge. The modification of the bridge shows that the warren type has a displacement joint of 0.80 cm with a total weight of 2861.475 kN while the parker type has a displacement joint of 29.34 cm with a total weight of 3190.945 kN. In this research, the modified type of warren is suitable for use because it is stronger and more economical than the type of parker.

MAPPING OF RESTAURANT DISTRIBUTION IN THE WONOKROMO DISTRICT AREA USING GOOGLE PLATFORM

Geographic Information System (GIS) or Geographic Information System (GIS) is a technology that is a tool and is essential for storing, manipulating, analyzing, and displaying natural conditions and often functions as a way to map an area with the help of data. attribute and spatial. The city of Surabaya is one of the big cities in Indonesia with a population of around 2,874,314 people in 2020. With a population of 2,874,314 people, many Surabaya residents meet their daily needs by trading, one of which is by opening a restaurant or depot. restaurant. There are so many restaurants or restaurant depots scattered in the city of Surabaya, as time goes on, there are more restaurants or restaurant depots and there are also more flavors, special foods, and so on. On this occasion, I tried to map several restaurants or restaurant depots in the city of Surabaya, one of which is in the Wonokromo sub-district. In this research, I use an application that is very easy to use in creating a path map that will usually be connected frequently to track the path from a certain point. The application is Google My Maps, the application will be used to create a path from the starting point to the end point. The purpose of this research is to help someone to find out the location of restaurant points or restaurant depots that are rarely known in the Wonokromo sub-district.

INVESTMENT RISK OF SOLO-NGAWI TOLL ROAD

In investing, there is definitely a risk, as well as the concession of toll roads. Risk analysis is used to anticipate losses due to an element of risk at each investment stage. The results of the analysis show that the highest risk probability for the Solo-Ngawi toll road is land availability and the influence of weather during development and the highest risk impacts are land availability, the potential for revolution in state governance. Based on the results of the analysis, the investment risk level of the Ngawi Solo Toll Road is included in the moderate risk category, so there is a need for cooperation in risk assurance by the Insurance Agency so that the risk level can be reduced to be lower than before.

MAPPING OF ALFAMART AND INDOMARET DISTRIBUTION IN THE MEDOKAN SEMAMPIR AND SEMOLOWARU SUB-DISTRICT AREA USING GOOGLE MYMAPS

Indonesia is a country that has a high population density. The increasing population causes an increase in the demand for household needs. As time goes by, human needs are increasing day by day. Starting from primary needs to secondary needs. The city of Surabaya is the second largest metropolitan city after Jakarta with a population of around 2,874,314 people in 2020. With such a large number, of course, it has various kinds of demands to fulfill primary needs, Alfamart and Indomaret as the two largest retail companies in Indonesia are trying to be in the midst of Public. However, the uneven distribution of Alfamart and Indomaret locations causes the public to be often confused about their existence. To meet the need for information dissemination in that location, the system will be made based on mobile web so that the system can be accessed via a mobile smartphone device that is equipped with a GPS (Global Positioning System) so that it can find out the coordinates of the location of Alfamart and Indomaret, namely in the form of latitude and longitude data. This will make it easier for people who want to know the location and know the distance to the intended location and data by utilizing services from Open Camera and Google Maps.

ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN MANGROVE FOREST FERTILITY USING SATELLITE IMAGE DATA AND WILCOXON TEST

Gunung Anyar is one of the districts in the city of Surabaya. This district has a height of approximately 3 meters above sea level. Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) for the City of Surabaya 2019, Gunung Anyar District has an area of ​​9.2 square kilometers and is divided into four sub-districts. These include the Kelurahan Rungkut Menanggal, Rungkut Tengah, Mount Anyar and Mount Anyar Tambak (AyoSurabaya.com by Rizma Riyandi). The mangrove's robust root system helps form a natural barrier against storm surges and flooding. River and land sediments are trapped by roots, which protect shorelines and slow erosion. This filtering process also prevents harmful sediments from reaching coral reefs and seagrass beds (Anugerah Ayu Sundari 2019). The method used by remote sensing with Landsat 8 satellite imagery was analyzed using SeaDAS software, it was obtained that the comparison value in each band 2,3,4 and band 5 had differences in each reflectance value. The 2015 satellite image map has the largest value in band_4 with the exponential regression model y = 125.06e-22.13x with R2 = 0.0732, while the 2019 satellite image map which has the largest value is band_4 with the logarithmic regression model y = 141.72ln (x) + 326.3 where R2 = 0.0281. Using the Wilcoxon H1 Test Statistics it is accepted that there is a significant difference between the diameter of mangroves from satellite imagery in 2015 and the diameter of mangroves from satellite images in 2019. Because the number of positive rankings from the diameter of mangrove satellite imagery in 2015 is greater than the diameter of mangroves from satellite imagery in 2019. , it can be concluded that the mangrove area of ​​Wonorejo Surabaya is experiencing fertility.

SIDOARJO MUD DRAINAGE SYSTEM

Sidoarjo or Lusi mud has an area of ​​640 ha and an average embankment height of 10 meters and submerges three sub-districts, namely Porong District, Jabon District and Tanggulangin District. In 2018, the Sidoarjo mud embankment has decreased or subsided by up to 8.5 meters at several points, which was caused by the condition of the embankment which was almost full and caused the soil condition of the embankment to become unstable. For this problem, it is necessary to build a drainage channel at the edge of the embankment to overcome the overflow of the embankment and flow it to the Porong river which is on the south side of the Sidoarjo mud embankment. From the calculation of the planned rain discharge, it is found that R2 = 72.95 mm after the planned rainfall is obtained, then the next is to look for the flood discharge plan which then plans the dimensions of the channel on the west and east sides of the embankment after obtaining the dimensions of the channel, then the next is planning the resistance pond and draining it to the porong river. with Siphon Network Pipe

OPTIMIZING THE USE OF ROCK ASH AS FINE AGGREGATES WITH THE ADDITION OF ADDITIVES TO THE CONCRETE MIXTURE WITH A COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF 350 Kg/cm2

Stone dust nowadays is a side product of the stone crushing industry, the quality of which is quite a lot that it becomes a waste that needs to be handled. This study is intended to find out the composition of stone dust by adding some additive substance type D and type F to reach a compressive strength of 350 kg/cm2. The variation of percentage of stone dust on the composition of concrete mixture is 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%. The design of concrete mixture composition refers to the procedure of making preparation of the normal concrete mixture. SNI 03-2384-1993. The size of the cylinder test object is 15 cm in diameter and 30 cm in height. The result of this research shows that the mixture using stone dust has quite an effect on the compressive strength of concrete. From the result of the experiment, it is shown that for compressive strength of 350 kg/cm2, we can use 100% of stone dust with a resulted compressive strength of 445 kg/cm2.