scholarly journals Risk level mapping of organophosphate pesticides application in agricultural area of Cangkringan Subdistrict, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 933 (1) ◽  
pp. 012046
Author(s):  
S Rahmawati ◽  
D Wacano ◽  
M Erpinda ◽  
A Juliani
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Organophosphate Pesticides ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Crop Area ◽  
Very High

Abstract Farmers in Indonesia widely use organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) to increase crop production, despite their risk to human health and the environment. Objective of this study is to estimate the loading rate and risk level of OPPs based on OPPs characteristics, farmers’ knowledge, and the behavior of OPPs application in agriculture area in Yogyakarta Special Region in Indonesia. Data collected through interview and questionnaire distribution revealed three types of OPPs used in study area; profenofos, chlorpyrifos and diazinon. Data on application dose and crop area were used to estimate loading rate. Risk scores can be calculated by multiplying loading rate with toxicity data of each type of OPPs used. Box-Cox transformation was then used to normalized rightly skewed risk score data to get 4 (four) levels of risk classification range; low, medium, high and very high. It was found that there were areas classified as very high risk in wet season, while it is not the case in dry season. However, in total loading per year, areas with high and very high risk level were found for more than >50% in study area.

Adapting Gravity Model for Predicting the Risk of COVID -19 in Nigeria

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olanrewaju Samson Olaitan ◽  
Olowoporoku Oluwaseun
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Government Data ◽  
Housing Standards ◽  
Very High

Background: It is against the background of the emerging incidence of coronavirus pandemic in Nigeria, and the need for its management that this study adapts gravity model for predicting the risk of the disease across states of the country. Methods: The paper relied on published government data on population, and gross domestic product, while the distance of town to the nearest international airport was also obtained. These data were log transformed and further used in the calculation of gravity scores for each state of the federation. Results: The study discovered that with the gravity score ranging from 2.942 to 4.437, all the states of the federation have the risk of being infected with the pandemic. Meanwhile Ogun State (4.837) has a very high risk of being infected with the disease. Other states with high risks are Oyo (4.312), Jigawa (4.235), Niger (4.148) and Katsina (4.083). However, Taraba State has the least infection risk of the pandemic in Nigeria. Factors influencing the risk level of the pandemic are proximity, porous boundary between states, and elitism. Conclusion: The paper advocates border settlement planning, review of housing standards, and advocacy for sanitation in different states. It therefore concludes that adequate urban planning in unison with economic and epidemiology techniques will provide a strong strategy for the management of the disease.

Cardiovascular risk assessment in diabetes and pre-diabetes

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 923-924
Author(s):  
Nikolaus Marx
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Target Organ Damage ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
High Risk Patients ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Very High

Patients with diabetes exhibit an increased propensity to develop cardiovascular disease with an increased mortality. Early risk assessment, especially for coronary artery disease, is important to initiate therapeutic strategies to reduce cardiovascular risk. This chapter reviews the current literature on risk scores in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and summarizes the role of risk assessment based on biomarkers and different imaging strategies. Current guidelines recommend that patients with diabetes are characterized as high-risk or very high-risk patients. In the presence of target organ damage or other risk factors such as smoking, marked hypercholesterolaemia, or hypertension, patients with diabetes are classified as very high-risk patients while most other people with diabetes are categorized as high-risk patients.

scholarly journals SPECIFICS OF ANTIHYPERTENSION THERAPY IN HYPERTENSIVES OF VARIOUS CARDIOVASCULAR RISK (BY THE REGISTRY OF CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN TYUMENSKAYA OBLAST)

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Efanov ◽  
Yu. A. Vyalkina ◽  
Yu. A. Petrova ◽  
Z. M. Safiullina ◽  
O. V. Abaturova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
High Risk Patients ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Very High

Aim. To assess the specifics of antihypertension therapy (AHT) in hypertensives of various cardiovascular risk, in the registry of chronic non-communicable diseases in Tyumenskaya oblast.Material and methods. A random sample studied, of 1704 patients with hypertension, inhabitants of Tyumenskaya oblast (region), ascribed to dispensary follow-up. Mean age 62±7,5 y.o. Of those 31,5% (n=537) males. The prevalence and efficacy of AHT assessed according to cardiovascular risk level. The significance was evaluated with the criteria χ2.Results. AHT was characterized by the growth of the frequency of treatment approaches with cardiovascular risk consideration. Regular treatment took 33,9% patients of low and moderate risk vs 41,3% of high and very high (p<0,01). In the male group such tendency also took place. Gender specifics of AHT was characterized by that in the groups of high and very high risk females took medications significantly more commonly than males — 46,6% vs 29,1% in high risk group (p<0,01) and 47,5% vs 30% in very high risk group (p<0,01). With the increase of the risk level, there was decline of treatment efficacy — from 95% in low risk group to 32,5% in very high risk group; 53,1% of the participants were taking monotherapy, 32,9% — two drugs, 14,0% — ≥3 drugs. With the increase of risk grade there is tendency to increase of combinational AHT, however with no significant increase of efficacy. Treatment efficacy in high and very high risk patients comparing to patients with low and moderate risk was significantly lower — 33,1% vs 69,7% (p<0,01), respectively. Statins intake among the high and very high risk patients was 10,6-11,0% males and 7,8% females (p<0,05).Conclusion. AHT in hypertensives in Tymenskaya oblast, under dispensary follow-up, is characterized by insufficient usage of combinational drugs. With the raise of cardiovascular risk there is tendency to higher rate of combinational AHT. However there is no significant increase in efficacy of treatment with the increase of medications number. A very low rate of statins intake is noted. The obtained specifics witness for the necessity to optimize AHT among the high and very high risk patients — inhabitants of Tyumenskya oblast.

scholarly journals Use of Institutional Clinical Care Guidelines to Determine HA-VTE Risk Level for Consideration of Thromboprophylaxis in Hospitalized Children

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 3276-3276
Author(s):  
Natalie Laing Smith ◽  
Kelsey Fowlkes ◽  
Beth Boulden Warren ◽  
Beth Wathen ◽  
Bryce Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Negative Numbers ◽  
Patient Level ◽  
Prior Risk

Abstract Background - Hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism (HA-VTE), comprised of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is associated with significant mortality and morbidity and the overall incidence is rising, leading to its recognition as a leading quality and patient safety concern in pediatric hospitals. Risk-based prophylactic strategies are used in adults but a paucity of high quality evidence exists regarding the safety and efficacy of these interventions in the pediatric population. Defining an objective assessment of VTE risk to guide standard approaches to the use of mechanical and/or pharmacologic prophylaxis (in the absence of contraindications) is a desirable strategy to decrease HA-VTE incidence while minimizing potential risks associated with prophylaxis. Methods- With Institutional Review Board approval, we retrospectively evaluated electronic health record data from 39 patients age 0-21 years (inclusive) who developed VTE more than 48 hours after admission to Children's Hospital Colorado (Aurora, CO, USA) from January 1, 2014 - December 31, 2014. We identified purported HA-VTE cases via ICD-9 discharge diagnosis codes, then two different reviewers cross-referenced and validated with pharmacy and radiology records. We evaluated the HA-VTE patient's VTE risk scores (high, moderate, or low) using our institutional VTE prevention clinical care guideline (CCG) at discrete time points prior to clot diagnosis, as well as whether the patient received mechanical and/or pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis. Objectives: We sought to determine the ability of our CCG to accurately assess HA-VTE risk prior to clot development and to assess the utilization and timing of thromboprophylaxis. Results: Of the 39 patients who developed a HA-VTE during the study period, CCG-based risk assessment on the day before the event had identified four (10.3%) patients as low risk, two (5.1%) as moderate risk, and 33 (84.6%) as high risk, as seen in Table 1. This distribution represents an overall increase in risk score compared to those determined on admission when 13 (33.3%) were low risk, 4 (10.3%) were moderate risk, and 22 (56.4%) were high risk. Admission risk scores tended to hold steady or increase during the hospitalization (Figure 1) and only one patient experienced a decrease in risk level prior to HA-VTE diagnosis. HA-VTE patients often had high risk scores as early as seven or even 14 days prior to the event, and 20 (51%) of the patients who developed HA-VTE were high risk during the entire admission. Of the HA-VTE patients, 19 (48.7%) were receiving thromboprophylaxis on the day prior to the event. 4 (21.1%) received pharmaceutical type only, 12 (63.2%) received mechanical type only, and 3 (15.8%) received both types. Conclusion: Institutional CCGs can be used to determine HA-VTE risk stratification in hospitalized children, thereby informing decisions regarding initiation of thromboprophylaxis as a preventative strategy in the absence of contraindications. Comparison to a group of age group- and risk level-matched control patients who did not develop HA-VTE is underway and will give appropriate context to the high risk designation as it pertains to HA-VTE incidence and the impact of thromboprophylaxis strategies. Table 1. Risk scores prior to HA-VTE diagnosis: Risk scores at various time points during hospitalization Risk Level Risk Score on Admission Risk Score 14 Days Prior Risk Score 7 Days Prior Risk Score 1 Day Prior Risk Score Day of VTE Low 13 (33.3%) 0 (0%) 2 (10.5%) 4 (10.3%) 4 (10.3%) Moderate 4 (10.3%) 1 (9.1%) 1 (5.3%) 2 (5.1%) 2 (5.1%) High 22 (56.4%) 10 (90.9%) 16 (84.2%) 33 (84.6%) 33 (84.6%) Total 39 11 19 39 39 Figure 1. Patient-level risk score tracking: Each colored line represents a unique HA-VTE patient's risk score trajectory during hospitalization. Risk scores upon admission correspond to days represented by negative numbers denoting various days prior to event (Day 0), and all patients have evaluations from 14, 7, and 1 day prior to the event, if applicable. Figure 1. Patient-level risk score tracking: Each colored line represents a unique HA-VTE patient's risk score trajectory during hospitalization. Risk scores upon admission correspond to days represented by negative numbers denoting various days prior to event (Day 0), and all patients have evaluations from 14, 7, and 1 day prior to the event, if applicable. Disclosures Off Label Use: We may discuss use of heparin (unfractionated or low molecular forms) for VTE thromboprophylaxis in children.

scholarly journals ERGONOMIC RISK ASSESSMENT ON SELECTED HOT-WORK WORKERS AT COMPANY XXX

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (Special1) ◽  
pp. 176-185
Author(s):  
Sivabalan Sanmugum ◽  
Karmegam Karuppiah ◽  
Sivasankar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Very High ◽  
Ergonomic Risk Assessment ◽  
Ergonomic Risk

Company XXX is a factory that involving manufacturing of offshore containers in where the hot works are one of the crucial activities in fabrication and structuring the framework of the containers. This study had been conducted at hot work section to conduct initial and advanced ergonomic risk assessment to identify ergonomic risk factors involved among hot-work workers which cause the significant number of reports on ergonomic related health issues at hot works area from the year 2011 to year 2017. The initial and advanced ergonomic risk assessment had been conducted based on DOSH latest release of guideline on ergonomic risk assessment 2017 and all findings had been tabulated and analysed. Based on the intial ergonomic assessment, total score achived is 17.7 with main risk factors identified through the hot work acticties are including awkward postures, repetitive motions, static and sustained work postures, vibration, insufficient ventilation, exposure of noise and working in extreme temperature. Based on Advanced ERA conducted on selected 3 workers, the study shows Muscle Fatigue Assessment (MFA) with average score for risk level shown ‘High’ and ‘Very High’ categories, Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) with average total score more than 10 which categorized as ‘High Risk’ and Quick Exposure Check (QEC) which shown the workers have very high risk for back and shoulder or arm parts with score level are between 29 to 40 for back static and  41 to 56 for shoulder and arm parts. Based on results of the assessment, company XXX recommended had been to conduct further investigation for improvements to determine effective control measure for the work process in order to reduce that risk level towards the hot work workers.

scholarly journals Flood Risk Assessment of Metro System Using Improved Trapezoidal Fuzzy AHP: A Case Study of Guangzhou

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5154
Author(s):  
Guangpeng Wang ◽  
Lianyou Liu ◽  
Peijun Shi ◽  
Guoming Zhang ◽  
Jifu Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Metro Systems ◽  
Very High

Metro systems have become high-risk entities due to the increased frequency and severity of urban flooding. Therefore, understanding the flood risk of metro systems is a prerequisite for mega-cities’ flood protection and risk management. This study proposes a method for accurately assessing the flood risk of metro systems based on an improved trapezoidal fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP). We applied this method to assess the flood risk of 14 lines and 268 stations of the Guangzhou Metro. The risk results validation showed that the accuracy of the improved trapezoidal fuzzy AHP (90% match) outperformed the traditional trapezoidal AHP (70% match). The distribution of different flood risk levels in Guangzhou metro lines exhibited a polarization signature. About 69% (155 km2) of very high and high risk zones were concentrated in central urban areas (Yuexiu, Liwan, Tianhe, and Haizhu); the three metro lines with the highest overall risk level were lines 3, 6, and 5; and the metro stations at very high risk were mainly located on metro lines 6, 3, 5, 1, and 2. Based on fieldwork, we suggest raising exits, installing watertight doors, and using early warning strategies to resist metro floods. This study can provide scientific data for decision-makers to reasonably allocate flood prevention resources, which is significant in reducing flood losses and promoting Guangzhou’s sustainable development.

scholarly journals Dropping risk stratification with subsequent treatment-risk paradox in non ST elevation acute coronary syndromes: a clinical audit in Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Atiyah Dakhil ◽  
Hasan Ali Farhan
Keyword(s):  
Chest Pain ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Cardiogenic Shock ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Treatment Risk ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Very High ◽  
Risk Categories

Abstract Background Risk stratification is the cornerstone in managing patients with Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes (NSTE-ACS) and can attenuate the unjustified variability in treatment and guide the intervention decision notwithstanding its impact on better healthcare resources use. This study sought to disclose real adherence to guidelines in risk stratification of NSTE-ACS patients and in adopting intervention decision in practice. Methods Multicentre prospective study recruited NSTE-ACS patients. Baseline characteristics were collected, TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) and GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events) scores were calculated, management strategy as well as timing to intervention were recorded. Results n. = 150, 72% of them were males, mean age was (59 ± 12.32) years. TIMI score was calculated in 5.3% of patients with none of them had GRACE score calculated. Invasive strategy was adopted in 85.24 and 82.7% of low GRACE and TIMI risk categories respectively, while invasive approach used in 42.85 and 40% of high GRACE and TIMI risk categories respectively. The immediate intervention in less than 2 hours was more to be used in low-risk categories while the high-risk and very high-risk patients whom were managed invasively were catheterized within >72 h; or more frequently to be non-catheterized at all. Sixty percent of those with acute heart failure, 80.76% of those with ongoing chest pain, 85% of those with dynamic ST changes same as 80% of those with cardiogenic shock were treated conservatively. Using multivariable analysis older age, ongoing chest pain and cardiogenic shock predicted conservative approach. Conclusions There is striking underuse of risk scores in practice that can contribute to treatment-risk paradox in managing NSTE-ACS in form of depriving those with higher risk from invasive strategy despite being the most beneficiaries. The paradox did not only involve the very high-risk patients but also the very high-risk criteria like ongoing chest pain and cardiogenic shock predicted conservative approach, this highlights that the entire approach to patients with NSTE-ACS should be reconsidered, regardless of the use of risk scores in clinical practice. Audit programs activation in middle eastern countries can inform policymakers to put a limit to the treatment-risk paradox for better cardiovascular care and outcomes.

scholarly journals Factors Related to the Complaints of Musculoskeletal Disorders of Shelving Staff

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 346
Author(s):  
Yovian Treesyanova
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Working Postures ◽  
Years Of Service ◽  
Very High

Introduction: Every worker is exposed to the risk of occupational accidents or occupational diseases when working. Awkward working postures are the postures that cause body parts to detach from its natural postures that can result in the complaints of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This research intends to analyze the factors related to the complaints of MSDs suffered by the shelving staff in the library and reading room in Universitas Airlangga Surabaya. Methods: This research is observational research that applies a cross-sectional design. The sample of this research consists of 27 people chosen by the total population method. The data regarding the individual characteristics and the complaints of MSDs are obtained through interview and filling out a questionnaire that has been standardized. The data on working postures are analyzed by referring to the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method, while the data on the complaints of MSDs are scrutinized by implementing the Nordic Body Map (NBM) method. Results: Reveal that most of the shelving staff experience very high-risk level of MSDs (40.7%). Other than that, it is noticed that the working postures consist of squatting (high-risk level), bowing (high-risk level), standing (moderate-risk level), standing with arms stretching (very high-risk level), and standing with arms stretching while tiptoeing (very high-risk level). The collected data is analyzed by using the Spearman correlation test. Conclusion: It can be stated that the strongest factor causing the occurrence of MSDs is the years of service (r=0.803) with a positive relationship, which means that the longer the years of service is, the higher the risk to experience MSDs is. Keywords: complaints of musculoskeletal disorders, individual factors, shelving staff

scholarly journals Dyslipidemias and 10-Years Cardiovascular Risk Scores in Adults in Asmara, Eritrea: Findings From a Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Okoth Achila ◽  
Nahom Fessahye ◽  
Samuel Tekle Mengstu ◽  
Naemi Tesfamariam Habtemikael ◽  
Wintana Yebio Werke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Lipid Panel ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Very High

Abstract Background: The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of dyslipidemias and associated factors in adults (≥35 to ≤ 85 years) living in Asmara, Eritrea. Methods: A total of 384 (144 (%) males and 242 (%) females, mean age ± SD, 68.06±6.16 years) respondents were randomly selected after stratified multistage sampling. The WHO NCD STEPS instrument version 3.1 questionnaire was used to collect data. Measurements/or analysis including anthropometric, lipid panel, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and blood pressure (BP) were also undertaken. Results: The frequency of dyslipidemia in this population was disproportionately high (87.4%) with the worst affected subgroup in the 51-60 age band. The level of awareness was also low. In terms of individual lipid markers, the proportion were as follows: HDL-C (40 mg/dL men and 50 mg/dL females) (55.2%); TC ≥ 200 mg/d (49.7%); LDL≥130 mg/dL (44.8%); TG≥150 mg/dL (38.1%). The mean ± SD, for HDL-C, TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and TG were 45.28±9.60; 205.24±45.77; 130.77±36.15; 160.22±42.09 and 144.5±61.26 mg/dl, respectively. Regarding NCEP ATP III risk criteria, 17.6%, 19.4%, 16.3%, 19.7%, and 54.7% were in high or very high-risk categories for TC, Non-HDL-C, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C, respectively. Among all respondents, 59.6% had mixed dyslipidemias with TC+TG+LDL-C dominating. In addition, 27.3%, 28.04%, 23.0%, and 8.6% had abnormalities in 1, 2, 3 and 4 lipid abnormalities, respectively. In terms of Framingham CVD Risk scores, 12.7%, 2.8% were in the high risk and very high-risk strata. Further, the high burden of dyslipidemia coexisted with an equally high burden of abdominal obesity (71.8%), BMI≥25 kg/m2 (44.6%), dysglycemia (24.7%), hypertension (24.4%), and physical inactivity. Dyslipidemia was associated with employment status (ref: unemployed vs. employed, aOR 0.48, 95% CI 0.24–0.97, p=0.015) and self-employed (aOR 0.41, 95% CI 0.17–1.00, p=0.018); marital status (ref: not married vs married (aOR 2.35, 95% CI 1.19–4.66, p=0.009); increasing DBP (aOR 1.04 mmHg (1.00-1.09)=0.001) and increasing FPG (aOR 1.02 per 1 mg/dL, 95% CI 1.00–1.05, p=0.001). Conclusion: High frequency of poor lipid health may be a prominent contributor to the high burden of CVDs – related mortality and morbidity in Asmara, Eritrea. Consequently, efforts directed at early detection, and evidence-based interventions are warranted.

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