scholarly journals Analysis of soil contamination with oil and petroleum products

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022046
Author(s):  
M.S Abu-Khasan ◽  
Y.I Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Environmental Disasters ◽  
Oil And Oil Products

Abstract The oil industry has a considerable role to play in the development of scientific and technological progress, it should also be taken into account that oil and its components are increasingly being used in various industries every year. Obviously, oil also has a decisive influence on the economies of individual sectors and the country as a whole. Therefore, monitoring the activities of oil companies is important so that environmental disasters arising from oil spills are avoided, and knowledge of techniques for dealing with such accidents is essential. Within the scientific article the composition of oil, its types depending on its density are considered, different methods of environmental remediation are analysed, including the stages of chemical analysis of soil, the most optimal method is selected, research on assessment of the level of soil contamination with oil and oil products is conducted, statistics of soil remediation are given, and relevant conclusions are drawn.

FIRST AFRICAN OIL SPILL COOPERATIVE: CLEAN NIGERIA ASSOCIATES

1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-156
Author(s):  
Godwin E. Omene ◽  
E. C. Odogwu ◽  
Tom E. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Competitive Bidding ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Petroleum Companies ◽  
Production Areas

ABSTRACT In November 1981 the petroleum companies operating in Nigeria formed a cooperative with the general purpose of developing an oil industry-sponsored organization for combating oil spills. The organization was named Clean Nigeria Associates (CNA). Individual oil companies operating in Nigeria now have and have had in the past the capability to combat oil spills, but most were unprepared to handle major oil spills. Thus, the main thrust of the cooperative was to develop an equipment stockpile and response capability commensurate with major spill risks. Through competitive bidding, Halliburton Nigeria, Ltd. was selected as the cooperative contractor. Agreements were formally signed in September 1984. Since that time the equipment required by the association was procured by Halliburton and put in place at two locations, Warri and Port Harcourt. These two locations were selected because of their proximity to major production areas. Bases were established at Nigerian Ports Authority facilities which were set aside for oil field operations. Thus, equipment warehouses are in excellent positions to respond to marine spills, and to respond to land spills by road. The equipment stockpile consists of 27,000 ft of booms, 28 skimmers—both for protected waters and offshore, 4,000 bales of sorbents, 26 pumps, 14 boats (ten 15 ft and four 49 ft) and an assortment of vehicles and other support equipment. CNA has a dedicated staff of 38. The staff consists of management, equipment operators, mechanics, boat crews, and support personnel. Since December 1984, training of national personnel on spill response and safety has been a high priority and has continued to this date.

SCENARIOS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN OIL INDUSTRY IN MODERN CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
D.F. Kudriakov ◽  
◽  
T.M. Mazurchuk ◽  
D.R. Grinchenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Industry ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

In the scientific work, a study is carried out of possible scenarios for the development of the Russian oil industry in modern non-stationary economic and political conditions. The hydrocarbon market is undergoing significant changes, largely accompanied by sharp price fluctuations and an excess of supply over demand, so it is important to assess under what conditions the Russian oil industry will be able to maximize its benefits. The aim of the study is to build objective scenarios for the development of the Russian oil industry and its position in the global hydrocarbon market. It also assesses the potential contribution of the Russian Federation to the reduction of oil production in the framework of the renewed OPEC+ transaction involving new oil exporting countries, as well as the combined effect of the agreements affecting oil prices. For making objective forecasts, internal factors are taken into account, among which are: access to hard-to-recover reserves, discovery and development of new deposits, investments in intensification of production, as well as external factors: agreements to reduce production by exporting countries, the impact of the coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19) on the volume of sales of petroleum products, political and other economic conditions that have a direct impact on the global hydrocarbon market. The actual basis of the work is the forecasts of independent experts, analytical agencies, state statistical services, as well as reporting by oil companies in Russia and foreign countries.

Oil Spill Compensation Claims in Nigeria: Principles, Guidelines and Criteria

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ombolaji Adewale
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Compensation Claims ◽  
Scenic Value

In recent times, compensation arising from oil spills has assumed a significant role in the Nigerian oil industry. The significance stems from the fact that, with petroleum operations spillage is inevitable. Oil spills have various effects on the health of the populace as well as the economic and scenic value of the environment. Thus there is the need to minimise the effect of the occurrence of oil spill. One way of achieving this objective is through compensation. The essence of compensation is to make amends for the loss suffered by the victims. In making these amends, the loss experienced by the victim must be recompensed otherwise the compensation cannot be said to be adequate or equivalent to the compulsory sacrifice.Victims of oil spill have claimed that the compensation paid to them is unreasonable and cannot be said to be recompense for their loss. Oil companies on the other hand claim that the compensation paid to the victims is adequate and that they operate within the parameter approved by the Inspectorate Division of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation or the State Ministry of Lands. Apart from this, many claims made by the communities are not honoured by the oil companies on the grounds that they are spurious and speculative. Even when the claims are genuine the oil companies may not pay if the spillage occurred as a result of acts of sabotage.

scholarly journals Venezuela's Nascent Oil Industry and the 1932 US Tariff on Crude Oil Imports, 1927–1935

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian S. McBeth
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Competitive Edge ◽  
Crude Oil Prices ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTAfter a brief description of the initial development of Venezuela's crude oil industry, this paper examines the impact the 1932 US tariff on crude oil imports had on the country. The US tariff on crude oil imports stabilised domestic crude oil prices but prevented consumers from benefting from lower prices in refned petroleum products. The large us international integrated crude oil companies gained from higher crude oil prices for their domestic production while supplying their european markets with mostly cheap crude oil from their newly developed Venezuelan oilfelds. The tariff increased the Venezuelan oil industry's vulnerability to international events because it narrowed the competitive edge it had over domestic us crude oil production. consequently, the Gómez dictatorship in Venezuela at the time became more dependent on the oil companies operating in the country since they could reduce production considerably, or even leave the country as quickly as they entered with a negative impact on government revenues.

scholarly journals Conservation: Is It Justified in the Public Interest

1969 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
Maurice J. Sychuk
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Conservation Program ◽  
The Public ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Price Maintenance

One of the criticisms of the conservation program is that conservation does not promote public welfare but is a private price maintenance scheme. This article analyzes the achievements of the conservation program and concludes that although the effect of conservation is to stabilize existing prices, information available with respect to the rate of return on investment of oil companies would indicate that prices of crude oil and petroleum products are not inordinately high. This article also discusses the sources of economic inefficiency in the oil industry and suggests that efforts be taken to make conservation more efficient.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERVENTIONS IN THE FIELD OF EXTRACTION AND PROCESSING OF HYDROCARBON RAW MATERIALS IN NOVOSIBIRSK REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 176-183
Author(s):  
Irina Provornaya
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Economic Indicator ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
Regional Product

Based on the multivariate spatial model, the paper shows the relationship between the factors of the oil industry (oil production, oil refining, consumption of basic petroleum products) and the main economic indicator (gross regional product) of the Novosibirsk region. It is revealed that with the increase in the capacity of the MIC-oil and subject to further exploration of oil fields with the use of new technologies, revenues to the regional budget from oil companies in the region can be about 5 %. The measures aimed at increasing the level of social responsibility and improving the quality of the environment at the enterprises of the oil industry of the Novosibirsk region are defined.

scholarly journals Biosurfactant as an Environmental Remediation Agent: Toxicity, Formulation, and Application in the Removal of Petroderivate in Sand and Rock Walls

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-48
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Dynamic Test ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Potassium Sorbate ◽  
Motor Oil ◽  
Static Test ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus

The exploitation and transportation of petroleum products are important reasons for environmental concern since they are the major causes of accidents involving oil spills. Therefore, the biosurfactant produced by the bacterium Bacillus cereus UCP1615 was applied in the removal of motor oil from sand and stones from coastal regions. Bioassays carried out with the microcrustacean Artemia salina and three vegetables' seeds showed that the biosurfactant has reduced toxicity. The application of the biosurfactant in crude and isolated form, as a removal agent, was carried out in static and kinetic tests using sand contaminated with motor oil, in packed columns, and in flasks under orbital agitation, respectively. The results showed that the biosurfactant removed 63.0 ±2.1% of the hydrocarbon in the static test and 84.0 ±2.2% in the dynamic test. In tests using rock wall samples, the removal rates reached 69.0 ±2.0%. Conservation tests carried out during 120 days demonstrated that the surfactant activities were maintained, especially in the presence of the preservative potassium sorbate. The B. cereus biosurfactant has proven to be a biocompatible, effective, and stable alternative for applications in environments contaminated with hydrophobic compounds and can be industrially stored for application in the event of possible environmental disasters.

scholarly journals 4.2. Methods of express analysis of financial and economic sustainability as a tool for corporate control and analysis in oil companies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Т.Б. Лейберт ◽  
Э.А. Халикова ◽  
В.Г. Логинова
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Corporate Control ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Express Analysis

Сегодня внешние факторы оказывают колоссальное влияние на финансовое положение нефтяных компаний. Резкое падение спроса на нефть и нефтепродукты вызвало снижение уровня мировых цен, и нефтяные компании терпят убытки, что может привести к снижению финансово-экономичес­кой устойчивости. Эти условия обуславливают необходимость оперативного корпоративного контроля и анализа стратегически важных для компаний финансовых индикаторов, характеризующих не только эффективность деятельности, но и рыночную стоимость предприятия. Today, external factors have a huge impact on the financial situation of oil companies. A sharp drop in demand for oil and petroleum products caused a decline in world prices, and oil companies are showing losses. This situation may lead to a decrease in financial and economic stability. These conditions determine the need for operational corporate control and analysis of financial indicators strategically important for companies that characterize not only business performance, but also market value. The scientific article proposes a methodology for express analysis of the financial and economic stability of oil companies, which is based on the calculation of an integrated indicator that takes into account market capitalization, absolute and relative profitability of the business, and the effectiveness of capital raised, including the optimal structure of capital. A distinctive feature of the proposed method of express analysis is the ability to conduct rating of oil companies for financial stability, operational efficiency, investment and financial activities, as well as a comprehensive assessment of the financial security of the oil company in the event of a sharp deterioration in macroeconomic parameters that affect net cash flow. The proposed methodology for express analysis of financial and economic stability will allow us to establish the significance of the influence of key financial indicators on the financial and economic stability of oil companies, which should be constantly monitored in the corporate control system.

Tax maneuver in the oil industry: Provisional results and risks for further implementation

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-43
Author(s):  
A. S. Kaukin ◽  
E. М. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Oil Industry ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Reform Plan ◽  
Alternative Variant ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
The Cost

The paper analyzes the consequences of the abolition of the export duty on oil and oil products as a necessary step to stimulate energy efficiency of Russia’s economy and eliminate underdevelopment provoked by a long-term subsidizing of inefficient oil refining sector in Russia. The calculation results have shown that even taking into account several deviations from the planned scenarios of changing the parameters of tax regulation of the oil industry in 2014— 2019, the tax maneuver brought over 3.5 trillion rubles (in 2019 — 148 billion rubles) to the state budget in 2014—2017, mainly due to an increase in the base mineral extraction tax rate, and contributed to an increase in the depth of oil refining from 72% to 85%. In addition, the article analyzes possible risks associated with the current plan for reforming the taxation of the industry until 2024 and proposes an alternative that could level some of them. A comparative analysis of the effects of the tax maneuver under the current reform plan and the alternative variant suggests that the latter will allow to achieve a greater total budgetary effect in four years, reduce the cost of subsidizing domestic oil refining, increase the efficiency of Russian vertically integrated oil companies, and reduce the growth rate of oil products prices in the retail market.

Drilling and Service Contracts in Offshore Oil and Gas Operations

1973 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 480
Author(s):  
J. M. Killey
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Offshore Drilling ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Drilling Rig ◽  
Service Contracts ◽  
Oil And Gas Operations ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil ◽  
Offshore Operations

As onshore oil and gas deposits are becoming more difficult to locate, and as the world demands for energy continue to increase at an alarming rate, oil companies are channeling much of their exploration activities towards offshore operations, and in particular, towards operations centered off Canada's coast lines. Because of the environment, offshore drilling presents problems which are novel to the onshore-geared oil industry. J. M. Killey discusses in detail many of the considerations involved in drafting the offshore drilling contract, concentrating on problems such as the liability of the various parties; costs; scheduling; pollution; conflict of laws; etc. Similarly, he discusses service contracts (such as supply boat charters; towing services; helicopter services; etc.^ which are necessity to the operation of an offshore drilling rig. To complement his paper, the author has included number of appendices which list the various considerations lawyer must keep in mind when drafting contracts for offshore operations.

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