scholarly journals Corruption as a factor in urban environmental crime

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (4) ◽  
pp. 042003
Author(s):  
V Sevalnev ◽  
O Karpovich ◽  
A Tsirin ◽  
U Trunzevskiy
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Environmental Crime ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Industrial Cities ◽  
Environmental Monitoring System ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The proposed article is devoted to studying issues related to the scientific and practical understanding of the impact of corruption on environmental crime in cities. Based on the analysis of empirical data, the authors conclude the existence of objective causes of environmental crime in cities and its high latency. Along with high urbanization, the Russian economy has been focusing on mining since Soviet times. Combustion of hydrocarbons, automobile fuel, gas, and large industrial enterprises seriously degrades the ecological situation, especially in industrial cities. At the same time, according to the authors, corruption acts as a bright background for committing environmental crimes. The article states the coincidence of the most common causes and conditions of corruption and environmental attitudes (low income of officials; low morale and ethical qualities of officials, shortcomings of the current legislation), which indicates a close correlation between corruption and environmental crime. In addition, it is proposed to strengthen the specialized environmental function of government bodies, including prosecutors, including the creation of such bodies in all environmentally disadvantaged cities, as well as the inclusion of civil society institutions and environmental activists in the state environmental monitoring system, subject to the appropriate conditions.

scholarly journals Impact of Digitalization on the Industrial Enterprises Activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 03003 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Chudaeva ◽  
V.V. Mantulenko ◽  
P. Zhelev ◽  
R. Vanickova
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Activity Area ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Technological Structure ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Legal Entities

The relevance of the study is determined by the change of technological structure of the Russian economy: digital technologies are becoming an integral part of the fulfilling life of both individual and legal entities. The use of digital technologies in the activities of manufacturing enterprises allows them to become more competitive. However, the change in almost all processes of an enterprise because of digitalization simplifies some of them and reduces their cost but complicates others and makes them more expensive. In addition, the digitalization leads to the emergence of new processes at enterprises that often means the emergence of new risks and additional costs. The purpose of this research is to study the impact of the digitalization on activities of industrial enterprises. Objectives of the study are: to study the concept of digitalization, areas of activity of industrial enterprises as well as consequences of the introduction of digital technologies into each of the activity area of industrial enterprises and the impact of digitalization on the results of a production enterprise.

scholarly journals Industrial dynamics in conditions of digitalization of economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
E. V. Yakovleva ◽  
◽  
Yu. S. Ilina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Industrial Dynamics ◽  
Target Setting ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the impact of digitalization on the industry of Russian economy. The results of an analytical study of the impact of digitalization on the dynamics of manufacturing enterprises are presented. The target setting is focused on the analysis of industrial dynamics in the context of the digitalization of the economy and the identification of prerequisites for the formation of an intelligent infrastructure for technological development in industry. The relevance of the study is due to the need to modernize industrial enterprises in the digital economy by updating fixed assets and putting into operation new equipment and software products (Compass-3D, SolidWorks, Mathcad, etc.) in accordance with the pace of modern technologization

Prehospital epidemiology and management of injured children in Kigali, Rwanda

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myles Dworkin ◽  
Vizir Nsengimana ◽  
Ashley Rosenberg ◽  
John Scott ◽  
Robert Riviello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Traffic Incidents ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Pain Medications ◽  
Prehospital Management ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionPaediatric injuries are a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide, yet little information exists regarding its epidemiology or prehospital management in low-income and middle-income countries. We aimed to describe the paediatric injuries seen and managed by the prehospital ambulance service, Service d’Aide Medicale d’Urgence (SAMU), in Kigali, Rwanda over more than 3 years.MethodsA retrospective, descriptive analysis was conducted of all injured children managed by SAMU in the prehospital setting between December 2012 and April 2016.ResultsSAMU responded to a total of 636 injured children, 10% of all patients seen. The incidence of paediatric injury in Kigali, Rwanda was 140 injuries per 100 000 children. 65% were male and the average age 13.5 (±5.3). Most patients were between 15 and 19 years old (56%). The most common causes of injuries were road traffic incidents (RTIs) (447, 72%), falls (70, 11%) and assaults (50, 8%). Most RTIs involved pedestrians (251, 56%), while 15% (65) involved a bicycle. Anatomical injuries included trauma to the head (330, 52%), lower limb (280, 44%) and upper limb (179, 28%). Common interventions included provision of pain medications (445, 70%), intravenous fluids (217, 34%) and stabilisation with cervical collar (190, 30%).ConclusionIn Kigali, RTIs were the most frequent cause of injuries to children requiring prehospital response with most RTIs involving pedestrians. Rwanda has recently instituted several programmes to reduce the impact of paediatric injuries especially with regard to RTIs. These include changes in traffic laws and increased road safety initiatives.

scholarly journals Impact of 1998 Economic Crisis on the Dynamics of Market Reforms and the Privatization Process in Russia (on the Example of St. Petersburg)

2021 ◽  
pp. 347-362
Author(s):  
T. V. Valov
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Market Reforms ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Social Reaction ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Privatization Process ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The impact of the 1998 financial crisis on the dynamics of market reforms and the privatization process in Russia and St. Petersburg is examined in the article. The activity of the government aimed at curbing the crisis tendencies in the first half of 1998, as well as the activity of the Cabinet of E. M. Primakov on the reanimation of the Russian economy in September — December 1998, is analyzed. The main reasons for the default, the impact of the crisis on privatization activity, the state of industrial enterprises, the banking sector, the transformation of integrated business groups, the level of welfare of the population, the state of relations “center-regions” are considered, and the social reaction to these changes is investigated. The state of the industry is revealed on the example of St. Petersburg enterprises. The approaches of the government of E. M. Primakov to the privatization policy are investigated. The features of personnel policy in the Ministry of State Property of the Russian Federation and the Committee for the Management of City Property of St. Petersburg are considered. The study of the causes and consequences of the default showed that this event became a key event in the development of the Russian economy, significantly influenced the pace of privatization activity and the state of financial and industrial groups, and also became the starting point for subsequent economic growth.

Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Karp ◽  
Gary Wong ◽  
Marguerite Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction: Foods dense in micronutrients are generally more expensive than those with higher energy content. These cost-differentials may put low-income families at risk of diminished micronutrient intake. Objectives: We sought to determine differences in the cost for iron, folate, and choline in foods available for purchase in a low-income community when assessed for energy content and serving size. Methods: Sixty-nine foods listed in the menu plans provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for low-income families were considered, in 10 domains. The cost and micronutrient content for-energy and per-serving of these foods were determined for the three micronutrients. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of energy costs; Spearman rho tests for comparisons of micronutrient content. Ninety families were interviewed in a pediatric clinic to assess the impact of food cost on food selection. Results: Significant differences between domains were shown for energy density with both cost-for-energy (p < 0.001) and cost-per-serving (p < 0.05) comparisons. All three micronutrient contents were significantly correlated with cost-for-energy (p < 0.01). Both iron and choline contents were significantly correlated with cost-per-serving (p < 0.05). Of the 90 families, 38 (42 %) worried about food costs; 40 (44 %) had chosen foods of high caloric density in response to that fear, and 29 of 40 families experiencing both worry and making such food selection. Conclusion: Adjustments to USDA meal plans using cost-for-energy analysis showed differentials for both energy and micronutrients. These differentials were reduced using cost-per-serving analysis, but were not eliminated. A substantial proportion of low-income families are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.

Monitoring the Impact of Family Health Benefits for Low-Income Families

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trish Livingstone ◽  
Lisa Lix ◽  
Mary McNutt ◽  
Evan Morris ◽  
William Osei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Impact

Wage-setting Mechanisms in the Russian Industry

2004 ◽  
pp. 66-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kapelyushnikov
Keyword(s):  
Special Section ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Wage Determination ◽  
Collective Agreement ◽  
Wage Setting ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Subsistence Minimum ◽  
Competitive Model ◽  
Very High

The paper examines a specific model of wage-setting evolved in Russia under transition. Using new survey data author reveals paradoxical characteristics of wage-setting mechanisms at Russian industrial enterprises: very high union and collective agreement coverage; nearly unilateral control of managers over wage determination; close correlation between earnings and enterprises' performance; voluntary utilization of wage standards established by the state. The special section explores effects of fulfilling a new provision stipulated for by the recently adopted Labor Code to raise minimum wage to the subsistence minimum level. The author concludes that wage-setting in the Russian labor market is at odds with a textbook competitive model and poorly fits into many other sophisticated theoretical schemes (such as labor-managed firms, bargaining models etc.).

Russia’s fiscal stimulus and fiscal sustainability

2013 ◽  
pp. 90-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Akindinova ◽  
N. Kondrashov ◽  
A. Cherniavsky
Keyword(s):  
Government Spending ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Fiscal Sustainability ◽  
Macroeconomic Model ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
Fiscal Stimulus ◽  
Fiscal Multipliers ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of public expenditure on economic growth in Russia. Fiscal multipliers for various items of government spending are calculated by means of our macroeconomic model of the Russian economy. Resources for fiscal stimulus and optimization are analyzed. In this study we assess Russia’s fiscal sustainability in conditions of various levels of oil prices. We conclude that fiscal stimulus is ineffective in Russia, while fiscal sustainability in conditions of a sharp drop in oil prices is relatively low.

The Impact of Property Characteristics on Economic Performance of Russian Industrial Enterprises

2005 ◽  
pp. 53-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kapeliushnikov ◽  
N. Demina
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Ownership Concentration ◽  
Corporate Sector ◽  
Concentrated Ownership ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Russian Industry ◽  
Control Premium ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

The paper provides new survey evidence on effects of concentrated ownership upon investment and performance in Russian industrial enterprises. Authors trace major changes in their ownership profile, assess pace of post-privatization redistribution of shareholdings and provide evidence on ownership concentration in the Russian industry. The major econometric findings are that the first largest shareholding is negatively associated with the firm’s investment and performance but surprisingly the second largest shareholding is positively associated with them. Moreover, these relationships do not depend on identity of majority shareholders. These results are consistent with the assumption that the entrenched controlling owners are engaged in extracting "control premium" but sizable shareholdings accumulated by other blockholders may put brakes on their expropriating behavior and thus be conductive for efficiency enhancing. The most interesting topic for further more detailed analysis is formation, stability and roles of coalitions of large blockholders in the corporate sector of post-socialist countries.

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