scholarly journals Justification of the rotary working bodies of the cultivator for processing between the rows of plantations of lavender oilseed on the basis of agricultural biomechanics

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (4) ◽  
pp. 042020
Author(s):  
L F Babitsky ◽  
I V Sobolevsky ◽  
I I Kalafatov
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Rhinoceros Beetle ◽  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
New Type ◽  
Working Bodies

Abstract The article presents the methods and results of modeling in agricultural biomechanics, which made it possible to substantiate models of cultivator working bodies adapted to the soil environment based on rotary discs with teeth. The biological prototype of this design is the burrowing limb of a rhinoceros beetle. It is proposed to solve the problems of improving the shape of rotary discs with teeth on the basis of the use of a mechanical-bionic approach, which allows to analytically describe the dependencies for determining the minimum number of steps of cutting notches between the teeth and the number of teeth on the disc, as well as the rational value of their length. The use of a new type of working bodies - a toothed flat disc, designed in a bionic manner, will increase the efficiency of weed control during inter-row tillage, and also reduce traction resistance.

scholarly journals Theoretical and experimental substantiation of the design parameters for the working body of a row cultivator

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 00051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny Zykin ◽  
Svetlana Lazutkina
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Weed Plants ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Experimental Substantiation

The authors of the article propose the design of a row cultivator, equipped with combined working bodies, which makes it possible to carry out inter-row weed control in one pass with full cultivation of the protective zones of grown crops. The soil drop distance and the distance between the flat discs located in the adjacent gangs of the row cultivator for thorough covering weed plants with a layer of soilwithout damage to cultivated plants have been substantiated theoretically.

Influence of Undercut on the Load Capacity for Involute Teeth With Small Pressure Angle

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose´ I. Pedrero ◽  
Mariano Arte´s ◽  
Carlos Garci´a-Masia´
Keyword(s):  
Load Capacity ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Contact Ratio ◽  
Helical Gears ◽  
Small Pressure ◽  
Pressure Angle ◽  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
Minimum Number

The minimum number of teeth to avoid undercut on involute spur and helical gears depends on the pressure angle, among some other geometrical parameters. Higher number of teeth is required if the pressure angle becomes smaller. However, the contact ratio may be increased by reducing the pressure angle, which means the load is distributed along a longer line of contact. In many cases, even if undercut arises and teeth are weakened, both effects may result in higher load capacity for the gears. This paper presents a study on the influence of the pressure angle on the contact ratio, and through it on the length of contact and the load capacity, including a discussion on the condition to improve the load capacity by reducing the pressure angle beyond the undercut limit.

scholarly journals MODELING THE WORK FLOW OF CUT-OUT SPHERICAL DISKS WITH HYDRAULIC DRIVE FOR FIRE-FIGHTING SOIL-THROWER

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
Maksim Gnusov ◽  
Mikhail Drapalyuk ◽  
P. Popikov ◽  
N. Sherstyukov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Spherical Elements ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
The Relationship

In this article, considerable attention is paid to the method of mathematical creation of a structurally complex soil environment with vegetation. Structural and technological parameters of the interaction of the working bodies of the fire-fighting soil thrower with soil have been determined using a simulation-physical-mathematical model of the spherical disk relationship with the soil environment. The disk is equipped with a cutting edge with semicircular cuts. The mathematical model presents complex geometry of all forms of active work planes, as well as the relationship of the working bodies with soil elements. Surfaces of complex construction in the process of applying the finite element method have been transformed into a large number of simplified planar figures. The soil in the simulation physical-mathematical model is described as a complex system of a large number of spherical elements, determinately connecting with each other, as well as with the working planes of the machine. It has been determined that the relationship between the soil particles during deformation is viscoelastic in its nature. The calculation of forces is presented in the form of an algorithm for the interaction of elements on each other in relation to the distance of their location. The equations of motion are used that describe the change in the dynamic state of the soil over time. The movement of the working bodies of the unit, including spherical disk working bodies with cutouts in the framework of the mathematical model, has been considered in the simulated space, described as a parallelepiped. The ability to simulate the interaction of the working bodies of a forest fire soil-throwing machine with a working medium, including plant roots, which are located next to each other in the form of spherical elements in the geometric region. The task of increasing the efficiency of the forest fire-fighting soil-throwing machine when laying fire strips has been solved by improving the quality of preparing the soil shaft with spherical hydraulic disks equipped with a cutting edge with semicircular cuts, which are subsequently taken by thrower-cutters and feed the soil flow in a given direction

The rationale for the layout of working bodies of the wide-reach flat cutter for the tractor of traction class 8 by the criteria of material consumption and rolling resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Alexei I. Derepaskin ◽  
Yuri V. Polishchuk ◽  
Alexander F. Dyadyuchenko
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Metal Consumption ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Reasonable Approach ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Development State

The article describes the current development state of equipment and mechanical tillage technology. It is revealed that creation of tillage tool drags for the modern tractors of high traction class, is associated with certain difficulties caused by the fact that they must be wide, hinged or trailed and they must match the requirements of regulatory documentation, as well as fully ensure the implementation of agrotechnical requirements for technological processes. We conducted laboratory and field studies in order to obtain quantitative characteristics of changes in the rolling resistance of tractors from their working conditions in the soil environment. It is established that a working body operating in the free cutting mode has the minimum rolling resistance, and the maximum rolling resistance is obtained in the mode of blocked cutting at equal speeds. The technique proposed in the article allows a reasonable approach to the choice of the scheme of a wide-reach flat cutter for the tractor of traction class 8 according to the criteria of metal consumption and rolling resistance.

GEAR DESIGN

Engevista ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Florian Ion Petrescu ◽  
Relly Victoria Petrescu
Keyword(s):  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Gear Design ◽  
Pressure Angle ◽  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Gear Efficiency ◽  
Driving Wheel ◽  
Tooth Inclination

The paper presents an original method to determine the efficiency of the gear, the forces of the gearing, the velocities and the powers. The originality of this method relies on the eliminated friction modulus. The first chapters are analyzing the influence of a few parameters concerning gear efficiency.  These parameters are:  z1   - the number of teeth for the primary wheel of gear; z2   - the number of teeth of the secondary wheel of gear; alpha0 - the normal pressure angle on the divided circle; beta - the inclination angle. With the relations presented in this paper, it can synthesize the gear’s mechanisms. Today, the gears are present everywhere, in the mechanical’s world (In vehicle’s industries, in electronics and electro-technique equipments, in energetically industries, etc.). Optimizing this mechanism (the gears mechanism), we can improve the functionality of the transmissions with gears. At the gear mechanisms an important problem is the interference of the teeth. To avoid the interference between teeth, we must know the minimum number of teeth of the driving wheel, in function of the pressure angle (normal on the pitch circle, alpha0), in function of the tooth inclination angle (beta), and in function transmission ratio (i). The last chapter presents an original method to make the geometric synthesis of the gear, having in view the minimum number of teeth of the driving wheel. The classical methods use many different relations to determine the minimum number of teeth of the driving wheel. By this paper we want to give a unitary method to determine the minimum number of teeth of the driving wheel 1, to avoid the interference between the teeth of the two wheels (of the gear).

The Undercutting of Hobbed Spur Gear Teeth

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Mitchiner ◽  
H. H. Mabie ◽  
H. Moosavi-Rad
Keyword(s):  
Spur Gear ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Pressure Angle ◽  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Straight Portion ◽  
Base Circle ◽  
Tooth Flank ◽  
General Method

A general method is presented for the determination of the minimum number of teeth that can be cut in a spur gear without undercutting by a rounded-tooth tip hob. The minimum number of teeth to produce undercutting was investigated for three trochoid/tooth-profile relations: (1) trochoid tangent to the involute profile at the base circle, (2) trochoid tangent to a straight portion of the tooth flank, and (3) trochoid intersecting the involute profile at the base circle. It was found that in order to avoid undercutting, the minimum number of teeth cut into a gear occurs when the trochoid is tangent to the involute at the base circle. There is no set of hob parameters such that the trochoid intersects the involute profile at the base circle nor does the case of the trochoid being tangent to a straight flank exist. A set of figures representing the variation of the amount of undercutting versus the number of teeth, radius of hob-tooth tip, hob addendum, cutting pressure angle, and the corresponding derivatives are included for a typical gear.

Preemergence Banded Herbicides Followed by Only One Between-Row Mowing Controls Weeds in Corn

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Donald
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Weed Cover ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Annual Weeds

Research was conducted to determine the minimum number of between-row mowings necessary to control annual weeds, chiefly giant foxtail and common waterhemp, without corn yield loss. Over 2 yr in Missouri, the between-row mowing systems that were evaluated consisted of a 38-cm band of PRE atrazine plus metolachlor at 2.2 plus 2.2 kg ai/ha applied over corn grown in 76-cm rows shortly after planting followed by one, two, or three between-row mowings close to the soil surface. Based on rated total weed control, between-row total weed cover, and corn yield, the weed-free check was statistically indistinguishable from a treatment in which banded PRE herbicide was followed by only one between-row mowing, late, when weeds were relatively large. When mowed once at 52 to 64 days after planting (DAP), giant foxtail and common waterhemp were greater than 85 cm tall. The yield was not increased by mowing earlier or more than once.

scholarly journals New form of China aster (Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees). Structure and biology of ray florets with open tubular corollas (type RO)

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Alicja Wosińska
Keyword(s):  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
New Type ◽  
China Aster ◽  
Ray Florets ◽  
New Form ◽  
Head Type

A radiomutant of China aster with a new type of head and new type of ray florets was described. All florets in the head were bisexual and tubular although dimorphic - they varied in size and colour. The place of ray florets in the head was taken by bisexual open tubular florets which were often crowned with irregular teeth. Disc florets were short and parchment-like. In both types of florets the following were compared: number and size of stamens, vitality of pollen and floret fertility. A number of teeth (lobes) in the corolIas of disc florets was also determined. Attention was also paid to the frequently observed anomalies and in particular to stamen displation. The problem is discussed of whether the obtained form resulted from mutation of disc florets with the simultaneous mutation of factors determining the so far unknown in China aster the head type without the whorl ofray florets or whether it was a mutation of ray flowers (corolla type and androecium formation). The author presents the opinion that the form resulted from the mutation ligulate of ray florets to the type of florets described above.

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