scholarly journals Screening of Bioactive Metabolites Actinomycetes to Evaluate Potential Sources of Sustainable Marine Natural Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 940 (1) ◽  
pp. 012090
Author(s):  
T G P Utami ◽  
A Setiawan ◽  
N L G R Juliasih
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Organic Extracts ◽  
Antibiofilm Agents

Abstract This study aimed to screen the activity of methanol extract of sponge-derived actinomycetes as an anti-biofilm and antibacterial agent to Staphylococcus aureus. Nine actinomycetes isolates were selected from the UPT LTSIT deposit. S. aureus was obtained from the skin of patients at Abdul Moeloek General Hospital. An antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by the disk diffusion method. Biofilm formation of S. aureus was tested using the crystal violet method. The viability of pathogenic bacteria was measured using the indicator resazurin. The results of the biofilm formation test in vitro revealed that the organic extracts 33A1T2, 33A2T3, 21A1T11, and 38A1T12 inhibited bacterial growth at 0.5 mg/mL. Meanwhile, 50A2T9, 21A1T11, and 38A1T12 significantly inhibited the formation of staphylococcal biofilm on polystyrene at a concentration of 0.25 mg/mL. This information is very important as a basis for further understanding of the mechanism of action of antibiofilm agents.

scholarly journals Association between Biofilm-Production and Antibiotic Resistance in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC): An In Vitro Study

Diseases ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payam Behzadi ◽  
Edit Urbán ◽  
Márió Gajdács
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infections requiring medical attention worldwide. The production of biofilms is an important step in UTIs, not only from a mechanistic point of view, but this may also confer additional resistance, distinct from other aspects of multidrug resistance (MDR). A total of two hundred and fifty (n = 250) Escherichia coli isolates, originating from clean-catch urine samples, were included in this study. The isolates were classified into five groups: wild-type, ciprofloxacin-resistant, fosfomycin-resistant, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant and extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains. The bacterial specimens were cultured using eosine methylene blue agar and the colony morphology of isolates were recorded. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method and E-tests. Biofilm-formation of the isolates was carried out with the crystal violet tube-adherence method. n = 76 isolates (30.4%) produced large colonies (>3 mm), mucoid variant colonies were produced in n = 135 cases (54.0%), and n = 119 (47.6%) were positive for biofilm formation. The agreement (i.e., predictive value) of mucoid variant colonies in regard to biofilm production in the tube-adherence assay was 0.881 overall. Significant variation was seen in the case of the group of ESBL-producers in the ratio of biofilm-producing isolates. The relationship between biofilm-production and other resistance determinants has been extensively studied. However, no definite conclusion can be reached from the currently available data.

scholarly journals IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTY OF CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS (LINN.) G. DON. VAR. “ROSEA” AND “ALBA”

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amresh Kumar Yadav ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar Ambasta ◽  
Surendra Kumar Prasad ◽  
M. P. Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Property ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Life Saving

Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial property of crude, aqueous and organic solvent extract from leaf, stem and root parts of two different var. of Catharanthus roseus (i.e. “rosea” and “alba”) under in vitro conditions on various human pathogenic bacteria.Methods: Antibacterial activity of crude (fresh), aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic and equimolar (1:1) mixture of ethanolic dried leaf extract of variety “rosea” and “alba” was evaluated against various pathogenic bacteria viz. Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by disk diffusion method under in vitro conditions.Results: Gram-positive bacteria were found to be more susceptible than Gram-negative. Dried extracts of root, stem and leaf of C. roseus var. “rosea” and “alba” plants showed maximum antibacterial potency against all the test microorganisms. The equimolar mixture of ethanolic dried leaf extracts of species “rosea” and “alba” exhibited the maximum zone of inhibition against B. subtilis, E. coli and S. aureus as compare to extract prepared from individual parts. The findings of the ethanolic mixture of dried leaves of the two varieties on the tested bactera confirm that the effect is potentiating which may be synergistic or additive.Conclusion: From the findings, it could be inferred that C. roseus var. “rosea” and “alba” could be efficiently used in the development of new life-saving drugs against bacterial pathogens. 

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN ZONA HAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN Staphylococcus aureus PADA BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BIDURI SECARA IN VITRO

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyoman Mastra
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Growth Inhibition Zone ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTBackground Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic bacteria that can cause infection. Biduri leaf has antibacterial compound such as tannin, flavonoid, saponin, and polyphenol.Objective This study aimed to know the difference of growth inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus at the various concentration of ethanol extract of biduri leaf and to determine an effective concentration.Methods This study was the true experiment with posttest only control design, used Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method with five concentrations (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%,100%), positive control (chloramphenicol 30 µg) and negative control (ethanol 96%).Result The result of this study showed the average of inhibition zone diameter of each concentration consecutively 26,2 mm, 28,3 mm, 29,7 mm, 31 mm and 31,5 mm. One Way Anova statistic analysis showed that the value of p is 0.000 so there is the difference of growth inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus at various concentrations of ethanol extract of a biduri leaf.Conclusion The conclusion of this study is there are differences in growth inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus at various concentrations of ethanol extract of biduri leaf and an effective concentration that can inhibit of Staphylococcus aureus is concentration 20% with mean inhibition zone is 26,2 mm. Keywords: ethanol extract of biduri leaf; Staphylococcus aureus; inhibition zone

scholarly journals Correlation Between Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Formation Capability Among Klebsiella Pneumoniae Strains Isolated From Hospitalized Patients in Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadi Shadkam ◽  
Hamid Reza Goli ◽  
Bahman Mirzaei ◽  
Mehrdad Gholami ◽  
Mohammad Ahanjan
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

Abstract BackgroundKlebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a common cause of nosocomial infections. Antibiotic resistance and ability to form biofilm, as two key virulence factors of K. pneumoniae, involved in persistent of the infections. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation capability among K. pneumoniae strains isolated from hospitalized patients in Iran.MethodsOver a 10-month period, a total of 100 non-duplicate K. pneumoniae strains were collected. Antibiotic susceptibility test was determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to CLSI. Biofilm formation was assessed by tissue culture plate method. Finally, polymerase chain reaction was conducted to detect four families of carbapenemase: blaIMP, blaVIM, blaNDM, blaOXA-48, biofilm formation associated genes; treC, wza, luxS and K. pneumoniae confirming gene; rpoB.ResultsMost of the isolates were resistant to co-trimoxazole (52%), cefotaxime (51%), cefepime (43%), and ceftriaxone (43%). Among all the 100 isolates, 67 were multidrug-resistant (MDR), and 11 were extensively drug-resistant (XDR). The prevalence of the blaVIM, blaIMP, blaNDM, and blaOXA-48 genes were 7%, 11%, 5%, and 28%, respectively. Among these isolates, 25% formed fully established biofilms, 19% were categorized as moderately biofilm-producing, 31% formed weak biofilms, and 25% were non-biofilm-producers. Molecular distribution of biofilm formation genes revealed that 98%, 96%, and 34% of the isolates carried luxS, treC, and wza genes, respectively. ConclusionThe rise of antibiotic resistance among biofilm-producer strains, demonstrating a serious alarm about limited treatment options in hospital setting. Also, fundamental actions and introduction of novel strategies for controlling of K. pneumoniae biofilm-related infections is essential.

scholarly journals Antibiotic sensitivity Pattern of Salmonella Species I1o-laJed by Btood culture in BangabandhuSheikhMujibMedicalUniversity

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abu Saleh ◽  
Naser Ibne Sattar ◽  
Sharmeen Ahmed ◽  
Md. Ruhul Amin Miah
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Microbiological Techniques

Typhoid fever occurs in all parts of the world where water supplies and sanitation are sub-standard. Despite the availability of newer antibiotics, emerging antimicrobial resistance has become an increasing problem in the management of Typhoid fever cases. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Salmonella species isolated by blood culture. This was a retrospective study considering the period of January to December 2007  at Bangahandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka. Blood samples for culture were collected by venepuncture, immediately inoculated into Brain Heart infusion broth and incubated at 370 C. After 24 hours incubation, subcultures were done twice on Blood agar and MacConkey’s agar plates. Any growth on the sulrcultured plates were identified by standard microbiological techniques. All of the isolates were then subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test performed by disk diffusion method. A total 2424 specimens of blood collected from patients suspecting of fever, were cultured, out of which 218 (8.99%) were found positive for Salmonella species. In vitro sensitivity test showed that cefixime was highly sensitive (99.41%) followed by  ceftriaxote (97.03%), Azithromycin (83.58%), Ciprofloxacin (67.47%), cefuroxime (73.3%), chloramphenicol (72.62%), co-trimoxazole (69.59%), Amoxicillin (64.33%) and Nalidixic acid (19.26%).  The results call for nationwide surveillance programme to monitor microbial trends and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of salmonella species in Bangladesh.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2008; 02 (02):22-26

scholarly journals POTENSI BATANG TANAMAN YODIUM (Jatropha multifida Linn) SEBAGAI SENYAWA ANTIBAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 SECARA IN VITRO

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Rokhana Rokhana ◽  
Ainiyah Ainiyah
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Plant Stem ◽  
Jatropha Multifida

The search for bioactive compounds sources it continue to do because of the emergence of pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. Iodine plants(Jatropha multifida Linn) has flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins and jatropins. The flavanoid content in iodine plants can inhibit bacterial growth. Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic bacterium that can cause infections characterized by tissue damage accompanied by purulent abscesses. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of methanol extract of iodine plant stem against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. Types of laboratory experimental research. The sample used in the study was iodine plant (Jatropha multifida Linn) extrac concentration used 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%. Using the Kirby bauer diffusion method. The results showed that there was antibacterial activity on iodine stems which showed a clear zone around the cactam disk at concentrations of 40% (10mm) 60% (12 mm), 80% (14mm), 100% (17 mm).

Preliminary in Vitro Investigations on The Inhibitory Activity of The Original Dietary Supplement Oxidal® on Pathogenic Bacterial Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Prof. Teodora P. Popova ◽  
Toshka Petrova ◽  
Ignat Ignatov ◽  
Stoil Karadzhov
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Microbial Strains

The antimicrobial action of the dietary supplement Oxidal® was tested using the classic Bauer and Kirby agar-gel diffusion method. Clinical and reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were used in the studies. The tested dietary supplement showed a well-pronounced inhibitory effect against the microbial strains commensurable with that of the broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent Enrofloxacin and showed even higher activity than the broad spectrum antibiotic Thiamphenicol. The proven inhibitory effect of the tested dietary supplement against the examined pathogenic bacteria is in accordance with the established clinical effectiveness standards for antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the in vitro antibacterial activity of some essential oils and their blends against Staphylococcus spp. isolated from episodes of sheep mastitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Fratini ◽  
Margherita Giusti ◽  
Simone Mancini ◽  
Francesca Pisseri ◽  
Basma Najar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Thymus Serpyllum

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci are among the major causes of mastitis in sheep. The main goal of this research was to determine the in vitro antibacterial activity of several essential oils (EOs, n 30), then five of them were chosen and tested alone and in blends against staphylococci isolates. Five bacteria were isolated from episodes of ovine mastitis (two S. aureus and three S. xylosus). Biochemical and molecular methods were employed to identify the isolates and disk diffusion method was performed to determine their antimicrobial-resistance profile. The relative percentage of the main constituents in the tested essential oils and their blends was detected by GC-EIMS analysis. Antibacterial and bactericidal effectiveness of essential oils and blends were evaluated through minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). All of them showed sensitivity to the used antimicrobials. The EOs with the highest antibacterial activity were those belonging to the Lamiaceae family characterized by high concentrations of thymol, carvacrol and its precursor p-cymene, together with cinnamon EO, rich in cinnamaldehyde. In terms of both MIC and MBC values, the blend composed by Thymus capitatus EO 40%, Cinnamomum zeylanicum EO 20%, Thymus serpyllum EO 20% and Satureja montana EO 20% was found to be the most effective against all the isolates. Some essential oils appear to represent, at least in vitro, a valid tool against ovine mastitis pathogens. Some blends showed a remarkable effectiveness than the single oils, highlighting a synergistic effect in relation to the phytocomplex.

Evaluation of antibacterial, teratogenicity and antibiofilm effect of sulfated chitosans extracted from marine waste against microorganism

2021 ◽  
pp. 088391152110142
Author(s):  
Velu Gomathy ◽  
Venkatesan Manigandan ◽  
Narasimman Vignesh ◽  
Aavula Thabitha ◽  
Ramachandran Saravanan
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Ft Ir

Biofilms play a key role in infectious diseases, as they may form on the surface and persist after treatment with various antimicrobial agents. The Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, S. typhimurium, P. aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli most frequently associated with medical devices. Chitosan sulphate from marine litter (SCH-MW) was extracted and the mineral components were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The degree of deacetylation (DA) of SCH was predicted 50% and 33.3% in crab and shrimp waste respectively. The elucidation of the structure of the SCH-MW was portrayed using FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The molecular mass of SCH-MW was determined with Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF). The teratogenicity of SCH-MW was characterized by the zebrafish embryo (ZFE) model. Antimicrobial activity of SCH-MW was tested with the agar well diffusion method; the inhibitory effect of SCH-MW on biofilm formation was assessed in 96 flat well polystyrene plates. The result revealed that a low concentration of crab-sulfated chitosan inhibited bacterial growth and significantly reduced the anti-biofilm activity of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria relatively to shrimp. It is potentially against the biofilm formation of pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals Antibiofilm and antivirulence potential of silver nanoparticles against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helal F. Hetta ◽  
Israa M. S. Al-Kadmy ◽  
Saba Saadoon Khazaal ◽  
Suhad Abbas ◽  
Ahmed Suhail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe aimed to isolate Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) from wound infections, determine their resistance and virulence profile, and assess the impact of Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the bacterial growth, virulence and biofilm-related gene expression. AgNPs were synthesized and characterized using TEM, XRD and FTIR spectroscopy. A. baumannii (n = 200) were isolated and identified. Resistance pattern was determined and virulence genes (afa/draBC, cnf1, cnf2, csgA, cvaC, fimH, fyuA, ibeA, iutA, kpsMT II, PAI, papC, PapG II, III, sfa/focDE and traT) were screened using PCR. Biofilm formation was evaluated using Microtiter plate method. Then, the antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was evaluated by the well-diffusion method, growth kinetics and MIC determination. Inhibition of biofilm formation and the ability to disperse biofilms in exposure to AgNPs were evaluated. The effect of AgNPs on the expression of virulence and biofilm-related genes (bap, OmpA, abaI, csuA/B, A1S_2091, A1S_1510, A1S_0690, A1S_0114) were estimated using QRT-PCR. In vitro infection model for analyzing the antibacterial activity of AgNPs was done using a co-culture infection model of A. baumannii with human fibroblast skin cell line HFF-1 or Vero cell lines. A. baumannii had high level of resistance to antibiotics. Most of the isolates harbored the fimH, afa/draBC, cnf1, csgA and cnf2, and the majority of A. baumannii produced strong biofilms. AgNPs inhibited the growth of A. baumannii efficiently with MIC ranging from 4 to 25 µg/ml. A. baumannii showed a reduced growth rate in the presence of AgNPs. The inhibitory activity and the anti-biofilm activity of AgNPs were more pronounced against the weak biofilm producers. Moreover, AgNPs decreased the expression of kpsMII , afa/draBC,bap, OmpA, and csuA/B genes. The in vitro infection model revealed a significant antibacterial activity of AgNPs against extracellular and intracellular A. baumannii. AgNPs highly interrupted bacterial multiplication and biofilm formation. AgNPs downregulated the transcription level of important virulence and biofilm-related genes. Our findings provide an additional step towards understanding the mechanisms by which sliver nanoparticles interfere with the microbial spread and persistence.

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