scholarly journals Crystal Diffraction Techniques Were Used to Investigate the Structural Properties of Some Aluminum Alloys.

2022 ◽  
Vol 961 (1) ◽  
pp. 012018
Author(s):  
Sukaina Iskandar Yusuf ◽  
Mohammed Muhana Meteab ◽  
Abdulkader Ahmed Annaz
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Density ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Radiation Shields

Abstract Due to the importance of these alloys in the manufacture of aircraft, coatings, radiation shields, and electronic circuits, the study’s objectives include investigating previously unstudied structural properties of some aluminum alloys, alloy A (Al-Zn-Mg-Ti) and alloy B (Al-Zn-Mg-Mn) were prepared using the casting method, and their structural properties were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques (granular size and theoretical density). The results of analyzing the X-ray diffraction data and determining the phases formed on the two alloys after matching them with the international standard cards (JCPDS) revealed that it is polycrystalline, with structures (cubic and hexagonal) on alloy A and structures (cube, hexagonal, and anorthic) on alloy B. The results revealed that the average grain size estimated by the Debye-Scherer method is less than that estimated by the Williamson-Hall method, and that the grain size of alloy A is less than that of alloy B due to the presence of titanium in alloy A’s composition, which works to reduce particle size. The theoretical density of Alloy A and B that was used in X-ray diffraction was calculated. SEM analysis of the spherical shape of the grains on the surfaces of alloys A and B revealed that the average grain size on the surface of alloy A is smaller than on the surface of alloy B, which is consistent with the results of XRD analyses.

scholarly journals Effect of Re and Tm-site on morphology structure and optical band gap of ReTmO3 (Re: La, Ce, Nd, Gd, Dy, Y and Tm: Fe, Cr) prepared by sol-gel method

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tufiq Jamil ◽  
Javed Ahmad ◽  
Syed Hamad Bukhari ◽  
Murtaza Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Band Gap ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Auto Combustion ◽  
Uv Visible

Rare earth nano sized pollycrystalline orthoferrites and orthocromites ReT mO3 (Re = La, Nd, Gd, Dy, Y and T m = Fe, Cr) have been synthesized by sol-gel auto combustion citrate method. The samples have been characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and UV-visible spectroscopy. The samples are single phase as confirmed by XRD analysis and correspond to the orthorhombic crystal symmetry with space group pbnm. Debye Scherer formula and Williamson Hall analysis have been used to calculate the average grain size which is consistent with that of determined from SEM analysis and varied between 25-75 nm. The elemental compositions of all samples have been checked by EDX analysis. Different crystallographic parameters are calculated with strong structural correlation among Re and Tm sites. The optical energy band gap has been calculated by using Tauc relation estimated to be in the range of 1.77 - 1.87 eV and 2.77 - 3.14 eV, for ReFeO3 and ReCrO3, respectively.

Grain Size Dependent Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline Sm [BE]Co [BD][BJ]/Cu

2001 ◽  
Vol 703 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bessais ◽  
C. Djéga-Mariadassou ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
V. Lalanne ◽  
A. Percheron-Guégan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Magnetic Metal ◽  
Chemical Distribution

ABSTRACTThe evolution of both micro structural and magnetic properties of the Sm[BE]Co[BD][BJ] Cu powder, is studied as a function of soft co-milling time. The average grain size in the range 20 - 50 nm was determined by transmission electron microscopy coupled with x-ray diffraction using the Rietveld method. The particle shape and chemical distribution were investigated by elemental mapping, using wavelength dispersive x-ray analysis with electron microprobe analysis. The coercivity evolution shows that an optimum value of 6 kOe is obtained after 5 h co-milling. The microstructure analysis indicates that both materials are well mixed in nanometer scale. This technique appears as a potential route to synthesize nanocrystalline Sm[BE]Co[BD][BJ] isolated by non-magnetic metal Cu.

Influence of Annealing Time on Microstructure of Ni-W Alloys

2013 ◽  
Vol 747-748 ◽  
pp. 613-618
Author(s):  
Qiao Zhang ◽  
Shu Hua Liang ◽  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Jun Tao Zou
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Annealing Time ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Scanning Electron

The as-cast Ni-W alloys with 15wt%W, 25wt%W and 30wt%W were annealed in hydrogen at 1100. The effect of the annealing time on the microstructure of Ni-W alloys was studied, and the phase constituents and microstructure of annealed Ni-W alloys were characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that no any phase changed for Ni-15%W, Ni-25%W and Ni-30%W alloys annealed for 60 min, 90 min and 150 min, which were still consisted of single-phase Ni (W) solid solution. However, microstructure had a significant change after annealing. With increase of annealing time, the microstructure of Ni-15%W alloy became more uniform after annealing for 90 min, and the average grain size was 95μm, whereas the grain size of Ni-15%W alloy increased significantly after annealing for 150 min. For Ni-25%W and Ni-30%W, there was no obvious change on the grain size with increase of annealing time, and the amount of oxides at grain boundaries gradually reduced. After annealing for 150 min, the impurities at grain boundaries almost disappeared. Subsequently, the annealing at 1100 for 150 min was beneficial for the desired microstructure of Ni-25%W and Ni-30%W alloys.

MOCVD ZnS:Mn Films: Grain Size Distribution and Crystal Structure as a Function of the Growth Parameters

2001 ◽  
Vol 672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen A. Dunn ◽  
Katharine Dovidenko ◽  
Anna W. Topol ◽  
Serge R. Oktyabrsky ◽  
Alain E. Kaloyeros
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Direction Parallel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Grain Size

ABSTRACTZinc sulfide doped with manganese is extensively used for thin film electroluminescent device applications. In order to assess the key material and process challenges, ZnS:Mn layers were fabricated by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition in the 250°-500°C range on an AlTiO/InSnO/glass stack. The microstructure of the ZnS:Mn films was examined by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) as part of a larger study which fully characterizes these films by a variety of structural and chemical characterization techniques, including Rutherford Backscattering, Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Diffraction. For all the growth conditions, the films were found to be polycrystalline having predominantly 2H hexagonal ZnS structure. The ZnS grains are found to grow columnar as the film thickness increases, also widening in the direction parallel to the substrate surface and reaching the 100 - 200 nm average lateral size at the 650 nm film thickness. The presence of the 8H ZnS polytype was detected in the low-temperature ZnS:Mn films by TEM selected area electron diffraction and confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Dark field TEM imaging correlated this 8H ring with very small (∼2.5 nm) grains present throughout the low temperature film with a slightly higher density at the film/substrate interface. The 700°C post-deposition annealing was found to initiate a solid state transformation to the cubic (3C) ZnS crystal structure, and resulted in an average grain size of ∼250 nm at the surface of the annealed film.

Solid-Phase Crystallization of a-Si:H by RTA

2010 ◽  
Vol 44-47 ◽  
pp. 4151-4153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Min Jin ◽  
Ding Zhen Li ◽  
Lan Li Chen ◽  
Xiang Ju Han ◽  
Jing Xiao Lu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Amorphous Silicon ◽  
Glass Substrate ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solid Phase Crystallization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Electronic Microscope

Amorphous silicon films prepared by PECVD on glass substrate has been crystallized by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at the same temperature for different time. From X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electronic microscope (SEM), it is found that the grain size is biggest crystallized at 720°C for 8 min, an average grain size of 28nm or so is obtained. The thin film is smoothly and perfect structure.

scholarly journals Study of Stannous-Cerium Oxide Nanocomposites as Nanofilm, Nanodot and Nanorod

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Narender Budhiraja ◽  
Ashwani Sharma ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Anupreet Kaur ◽  
N.V. Unikrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Glass Substrate ◽  
Nanocomposite Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrd Diffraction ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Rolling Method

In the present paper, main emphasis is given to synthesize the Stannous-Cerium oxide nanocomposites in nanofilms, nanodots and nanorods by Chemical bath method, Chemical drop method and Chemical rolling Method. These nanocomposite materials are synthesized on a glass substrate at 100 °C temperature. Crystallography investigation of these materials is done by X-ray diffraction (XRD) which reveals that average grain size is 58.9 nm and 62.3 nm for nanofilms and nanodots on glass substrate respectively whereas XRD diffraction for nanorod on glass substrate reveals that material is amorphous in nature.

Luminescence properties of R2MoO6:Eu3+ (R = Gd, Y, La) phosphors prepared by Pechini sol-gel process

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2676-2681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maolin Pang ◽  
Xiaoming Liu ◽  
Jun Lin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Luminescent Properties ◽  
Luminescence Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Powder Morphology ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Sol Gel Process

R2MoO6:Eu3+ (R = Gd, Y, La) phosphors were prepared by the Pechini sol-gel process. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), reflectance spectra, photoluminescence (PL) spectra, and lifetimes were used to characterize the resulting phosphors. The results of XRD indicate that all of the R1.96Eu0.04MoO6 (R = Gd, Y, La) phosphors crystallized completely at 800 °C. Y1.96Eu0.04MoO6 and Gd1.96Eu0.04MoO6 are of isomorphous monoclinic (α) structure, while La1.96Eu0.04MoO6 preferentially adopts the tetragonal (γ) form. FE-SEM study reveals that the samples mainly consist of aggregated particles with an average grain size ranging from 100 to 250 nm. The luminescent properties of R2MoO6:Eu3+ (R = Gd, Y, La) phosphors are largely dependent on their structure, grain size, and powder morphology. The isomorphous Y2MoO6:Eu3+ and Gd2MoO6:Eu3+ phosphors show very similar luminescence properties, which differ greatly from that of the La2MoO6:Eu3+ phosphor.

Mechanical Alloying of Fe30Cu70

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Virgiliu Călin Prică ◽  
George Arghir
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Mixing Enthalpy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Powder Morphology ◽  
X Ray ◽  
A Value ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Milling Duration ◽  
Time Changes

Fe-Cu system is a binary alloys system, nevertheless very difficult. This paper presented the milling duration influence on ball-milled Fe30Cu70 alloys. After 16 hour of milling it has been concluded that true alloying at atomic level occurs during milling. The average grain size depends by milling time. Varying the milling time changes the powder morphology, their size and structure. We found that the complete fcc Fe –Cu solid solution is formed when the grain size of Fe-bcc reach a value about 10 nm, because at this value of crystallite the free energy for interface become less than interfaces energy. The milling duration have a strongly influence on solid solubility and phases form in Fe-Cu system. The phase formation for Fe30Cu70 (mass %) has been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mixing enthalpy (positive in this system) also depends on alloy composition.

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline PZT Powders by a Simple Sol-Gel Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Shao Peng Zhang ◽  
Xiao Hui Wang ◽  
Long Tu Li
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Ferroelectric Properties ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Average Grain Size

Nanocrystalline lead zirconate titanate (PZT) powders with composition at the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) were synthesized by a simple aqueous based sol-gel method, using lead nitrate, zirconium nitrate and tetrabutyl titanate as the starting materials. The sol could be easily transformed into gel, firstly heated at 120°C for 10h, then at 180°C for 24h. The thermal decomposition process of the gel was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The effect of citrate addition amount on the calcining temperature was discussed. The results reveal that pure perovskite phase PZT powders can be obtained at a calcining temperature as low as 600°C. The average grain size of the powders was determined by transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The influences of calcining temperature and the pH value of the solution on the grain size were investigated. The sintering temperature and electrical properties of the ceramics derived by nano-powders were compared with those prepared by the conventional ceramic processing. The result shows that using the nanopowder, the sintering temperature could be reduced by about 100°C and the ferroelectric properties were enhanced.

Metallographic, Structural and Mechanical Characterization of a Low Density Fe-Mn-Al-C Steel Microalloyed with Ti/B in As-Cast and Homogenized Conditions

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (64) ◽  
pp. 3971-3978 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.E. Villanueva-Perez ◽  
I. Mejía ◽  
V. García-García ◽  
A. Bedolla-Jacuinde
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Density ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Cast Condition

ABSTRACTLow density (LD) steels have shown particular characteristics in terms of mechanical properties and microstructure, since they have high strength, high ductility and density reduction up to 18%. On the other hand, the addition of microalloying elements such as Ti and B generate hardening by solid solution and precipitation, as well as grain refinement effect. LD steels generate nano-sized kappa phase precipitated from the austenite matrix, and these advanced steels can reach strength and elongation up to 780 MPa and 60%, respectively. The main objective of this research work is the metallographic, structural and mechanical characterization of a LD steel microalloyed with Ti/B in as-cast and -homogenized conditions. For this purpose a Fe-27Mn-7Al-1.2C (%wt) LD steel microalloyed with Ti/B was melted in a vacuum-induction furnace and cast in metallic mold. LD-Ti/B steel samples were homogenized at 1100 °C during 20, 50, 100, 150 and 200 minutes followed by water quenching. Metallographic, structural and mechanical characterization was carried out by optical (LOM) and scanning electron (SEM) microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microhardness Vickers testing (HV10), respectively. In general, results showed a typical dendritic microstructure with average grain size of 1256 μm in the as-cast condition. On the other hand, the as-homogenized condition showed an austenitic equiaxial microstructure with average grain size from 164 to 940 μm. Austenite, ferrite and kappa phases were detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Also, second-phase particles such as AlN, TiC and MnS were detected by LOM and SEM-EDS analysis. LD steel microalloyed with Ti/B exhibited the highest microhardness Vickers value (235 HV10) in the as-cast condition, whilst in the as-homogenized condition microhardness gradually decreases from 223 to 198 HV10 as holding time increases.

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