Metallographic, Structural and Mechanical Characterization of a Low Density Fe-Mn-Al-C Steel Microalloyed with Ti/B in As-Cast and Homogenized Conditions

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (64) ◽  
pp. 3971-3978 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.E. Villanueva-Perez ◽  
I. Mejía ◽  
V. García-García ◽  
A. Bedolla-Jacuinde
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Density ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Cast Condition

ABSTRACTLow density (LD) steels have shown particular characteristics in terms of mechanical properties and microstructure, since they have high strength, high ductility and density reduction up to 18%. On the other hand, the addition of microalloying elements such as Ti and B generate hardening by solid solution and precipitation, as well as grain refinement effect. LD steels generate nano-sized kappa phase precipitated from the austenite matrix, and these advanced steels can reach strength and elongation up to 780 MPa and 60%, respectively. The main objective of this research work is the metallographic, structural and mechanical characterization of a LD steel microalloyed with Ti/B in as-cast and -homogenized conditions. For this purpose a Fe-27Mn-7Al-1.2C (%wt) LD steel microalloyed with Ti/B was melted in a vacuum-induction furnace and cast in metallic mold. LD-Ti/B steel samples were homogenized at 1100 °C during 20, 50, 100, 150 and 200 minutes followed by water quenching. Metallographic, structural and mechanical characterization was carried out by optical (LOM) and scanning electron (SEM) microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microhardness Vickers testing (HV10), respectively. In general, results showed a typical dendritic microstructure with average grain size of 1256 μm in the as-cast condition. On the other hand, the as-homogenized condition showed an austenitic equiaxial microstructure with average grain size from 164 to 940 μm. Austenite, ferrite and kappa phases were detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Also, second-phase particles such as AlN, TiC and MnS were detected by LOM and SEM-EDS analysis. LD steel microalloyed with Ti/B exhibited the highest microhardness Vickers value (235 HV10) in the as-cast condition, whilst in the as-homogenized condition microhardness gradually decreases from 223 to 198 HV10 as holding time increases.

Metallographic Characterization of a Ti-Containing Low-Density Fe-Mn-Al-C Steel in As-Cast Condition

2016 ◽  
Vol 1812 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Ignacio Mejía ◽  
Gladys Y. Díaz-Martínez ◽  
Arnoldo Bedolla-Jacuinde
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Low Density ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Dendritic Microstructure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metallographic Technique ◽  
Cast Condition

ABSTRACTLow-density steels, with an excellent combination of outstanding mechanical properties, ultimate tensile strength and specific weight reduction, have been attracting great attention as a new group of materials in many industrial applications, particularly in the automotive industry. The aim of this work was to characterize the microstructure of a Ti-containing low-density Fe-Mn-Al-C steel in the as-cast condition. For this purpose, Ti-containing low-density steel was melted in an induction furnace using high purity raw materials and cast into a metal ingot mold. Chemical composition of the studied steel was Fe-32Mn-7.0Al-2.2C-0.5Ti (wt%). Samples were prepared by standard metallographic technique (grinding and polishing) and chemically etched with 2% nital solution, in order to reveal the dendritic microstructure. Microstructure observations were performed by scanning electron microscopy and the chemical nature of the present phases was determined by energy-dispersive X-ray. X-ray diffraction was performed at room temperature using a diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation. Phase equilibria by thermodynamic calculations for the studied steel were performed using JMatPro® software package. In general, results revealed a finer dendritic microstructure composed of ferritic matrix and austenite islands. The presence of ferrite and austenite in the steel was also confirmed by X-ray diffraction.

The Effect of Ethanol Solvent on Characterization of MAPbI3 Perovskite

2021 ◽  
Vol 1039 ◽  
pp. 307-312
Author(s):  
Mohammad Malik Abood ◽  
Osama Abdul Azeez Dakhil ◽  
Aref Saleh Baron
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Photovoltaic Technologies ◽  
Perovskite Photovoltaic

Methyl ammonium lead iodide CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite was synthesized by a new method mixing between one and two steps, in addition, the ethanol solvent was used to dissolve CH3NH3I and compared with isopropanol solvent. The characterizations of synthesized perovskite samples included the structural properties, morphological characteristics and optical properties. The intensity and orientation in X-ray diffraction patterns appear clearly in ethanol solvent while disappearing at a peak at 12o due to the speed reaction of perovskite in this solvent. Additionally, the ethanol solvent increasing the grain size of perovskite which homogeneity of the surface morphology. the ethanol solvent cause a decrease in the wavelength of absorbance edge in addition to an increase in the energy bandgap value. Keywords: Ethanol Solvent, Perovskite, Photovoltaic Technologies, X-ray diffraction.

scholarly journals Effects of strain on La0.67-x Prx Ca0.33 MnO3, LaMn1-x Cox O3 and LaMn1-x Nix O3 magnetite samples

DYNA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (211) ◽  
pp. 278-287
Author(s):  
Javier Alberto Olarte Torres ◽  
María Cristina Cifuentes Arcila ◽  
Harvey Andrés Suárez Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Electric Resistivity ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metal Insulator ◽  
X Ray

This paper presents the results obtained from the synthesis and morphological characterization of different magnetite samples:  La0.67-x Prx Ca0.33 MnO3.LaMn1-x Cox O3 and LaMn1-x Nix O3 at 0.13 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 0.67 produced by a solid-state reaction mechanism and 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀1−𝑥𝑥(𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶/𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁)𝑥𝑥𝑂𝑂3 at 0.0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 0.5 produced by the sol-gel method. These samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and by measuring electric resistivity and magnetic susceptibility which were carried out as a function of temperature. Notably, the effects of strain and compressive strength on the lattices of magnetite samples were highly dependent on the concentration of 𝑃𝑃𝑟𝑟, 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶, and 𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁. Moreover, the transition temperatures of metal-insulator and ferromagnetic-paramagnetic phases also largely depend on these strength effects, e.g., at higher concentrations of 𝑃𝑃𝑟𝑟, effects of increased strain strength were observed, relocating the shifts of ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transitions to lower temperatures. On the other hand, effects of increased compressive strength were observed at higher concentrations of 𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 and 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶, relocating the shifts of ferromagnetic-paramagnetic and metal-insulator transitions to higher temperatures.

Growth Kinetics and Mechanical Characterization of a Hard Boron Coating on a Tool Steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 380 ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sánchez Huerta ◽  
N. López Perrusquia ◽  
I. Hilerio Cruz ◽  
M.A. Doñu Ruiz ◽  
E.D. García Bustos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Thermochemical Treatment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Optimal Classification

The mechanical characteristics are determined to a FeB/Fe2B coating applied in AISI L6 steel tool and blades make to cut paper. The thermochemical treatment was applied at temperatures of 1173, 1223 and 1273 K with permanence time of 0.5, 2 and 3 h for each temperature. The diffusion coefficient and activation energy for each phase is obtained for this boron coating on an AISI L6 steel. HRC test were made to establish the type of adherence (qualitative) and comparing with the VDI 3198 standard and the results were obtaining optimal classification of HF1-HF2 in condition for 3h of the three temperatures. The result by nanoidentation show hardness of 1000 - 2000 HV as well as the Young's modulus for each present phase of the coating. Through micrographs (SEM) are showing thicknesses up to 79.52 ± 18.82 μm for FeB and 97.80 ± 20.01μm for Fe2B, a morphology sawn ́s type is evidence. Through EDS and x-ray diffraction are used to show the chemical elements formed.

Synthesis and Characterization of Plasma Synthesized Nanostructured Magnesia-Yttria Based Nanocomposites

2007 ◽  
Vol 1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jafar F. Al-Sharab ◽  
Rajendra Sadangi ◽  
Vijay Shukla ◽  
Bernard Kear
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Chemical Mapping ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Spray Method ◽  
Average Grain Size

ABSTRACTPolycrystalline Y2O3 is the material of choice for IR windows since it has excellent optical properties in the visible, and near infra-red band. However, current processing methods yield polycrystalline Y2O3 with large grain size (> 100 μm), which limits the hardness and erosion resistance attainable. One way to improve strength is to develop an ultra-fine grained material with acceptable optical transmission properties. To realize a fine-grained ceramic, one approach is to develop a composite structure, in which one phase inhibits the growth of the other phase during processing. In this study, Y2O3-MgO nanocomposite with various MgO content (20, 50 and 80 mol%) were synthesized using plasma spray method. Extensive characterization techniques including x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Energy Dispersive spectrometry (EDS) were employed to study the synthesized powder as well as the consolidated sample. Transmission Electron Microscopy, as well as EDS chemical mapping, revealed that the consolidated sample have bi-continuous MgO-Y2O3 nanostructure with an average grain size of 200 nm.

scholarly journals New insights on the crystalline forms in binary systems of n-alkanes: Characterization of the solid ordered phases in the phase diagram tricosane + pentacosane

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 2644-2654 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Rajabalee ◽  
V. Métivaud ◽  
D. Mondieig ◽  
Y. Haget ◽  
M. A. Cuevas-Diarte
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structural Behavior ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ordered Phases ◽  
Crystalline Forms ◽  
Mixed Samples

X-ray diffraction analyses of the pure components n-tricosane and n-pentacosane and of their binary mixed samples have enabled us to characterize the crystalline phases observed at “low temperature.” Contrary to what was announced in literature on the structural behavior of mixed samples in odd-odd binary systems with Δn = 2, the three domains are not all orthorhombic. This work has enabled us to show that two of the domains are, in fact, monoclinic (Aa, Z = 4), and the other one is orthorhombic (Pca21, Z = 4). The conclusions drawn in this work can easily be transposed to other binary systems of n-alkanes.

X-Ray Diffraction of Iron Containing Samples: The Importance of a Suitable Configuration

2017 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 545-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne M. Mos ◽  
Arnold C. Vermeulen ◽  
Cees N.J. Buisman ◽  
Jan Weijma
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Source ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Cobalt Radiation

X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a commonly used technology to identify crystalline phases. However, care must be taken with the combination of XRD configuration and sample. Copper (most commonly used radiation source) is a poor match with iron containing materials due to induced fluorescence. Magnetite and maghemite are analysed in different configurations using copper or cobalt radiation. Results show the effects of fluorescence repressing measures and the superiority of diffractograms obtained with cobalt radiation. Diffractograms obtained with copper radiation make incontestable phase identification often impossible. Cobalt radiation on the other hand yields high quality diffractograms, making phase identification straightforward.

Grain Size Dependent Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline Sm [BE]Co [BD][BJ]/Cu

2001 ◽  
Vol 703 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bessais ◽  
C. Djéga-Mariadassou ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
V. Lalanne ◽  
A. Percheron-Guégan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Magnetic Metal ◽  
Chemical Distribution

ABSTRACTThe evolution of both micro structural and magnetic properties of the Sm[BE]Co[BD][BJ] Cu powder, is studied as a function of soft co-milling time. The average grain size in the range 20 - 50 nm was determined by transmission electron microscopy coupled with x-ray diffraction using the Rietveld method. The particle shape and chemical distribution were investigated by elemental mapping, using wavelength dispersive x-ray analysis with electron microprobe analysis. The coercivity evolution shows that an optimum value of 6 kOe is obtained after 5 h co-milling. The microstructure analysis indicates that both materials are well mixed in nanometer scale. This technique appears as a potential route to synthesize nanocrystalline Sm[BE]Co[BD][BJ] isolated by non-magnetic metal Cu.

Influence of Annealing Time on Microstructure of Ni-W Alloys

2013 ◽  
Vol 747-748 ◽  
pp. 613-618
Author(s):  
Qiao Zhang ◽  
Shu Hua Liang ◽  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Jun Tao Zou
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Annealing Time ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Scanning Electron

The as-cast Ni-W alloys with 15wt%W, 25wt%W and 30wt%W were annealed in hydrogen at 1100. The effect of the annealing time on the microstructure of Ni-W alloys was studied, and the phase constituents and microstructure of annealed Ni-W alloys were characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that no any phase changed for Ni-15%W, Ni-25%W and Ni-30%W alloys annealed for 60 min, 90 min and 150 min, which were still consisted of single-phase Ni (W) solid solution. However, microstructure had a significant change after annealing. With increase of annealing time, the microstructure of Ni-15%W alloy became more uniform after annealing for 90 min, and the average grain size was 95μm, whereas the grain size of Ni-15%W alloy increased significantly after annealing for 150 min. For Ni-25%W and Ni-30%W, there was no obvious change on the grain size with increase of annealing time, and the amount of oxides at grain boundaries gradually reduced. After annealing for 150 min, the impurities at grain boundaries almost disappeared. Subsequently, the annealing at 1100 for 150 min was beneficial for the desired microstructure of Ni-25%W and Ni-30%W alloys.

MOCVD ZnS:Mn Films: Grain Size Distribution and Crystal Structure as a Function of the Growth Parameters

2001 ◽  
Vol 672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen A. Dunn ◽  
Katharine Dovidenko ◽  
Anna W. Topol ◽  
Serge R. Oktyabrsky ◽  
Alain E. Kaloyeros
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Direction Parallel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Grain Size

ABSTRACTZinc sulfide doped with manganese is extensively used for thin film electroluminescent device applications. In order to assess the key material and process challenges, ZnS:Mn layers were fabricated by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition in the 250°-500°C range on an AlTiO/InSnO/glass stack. The microstructure of the ZnS:Mn films was examined by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) as part of a larger study which fully characterizes these films by a variety of structural and chemical characterization techniques, including Rutherford Backscattering, Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Diffraction. For all the growth conditions, the films were found to be polycrystalline having predominantly 2H hexagonal ZnS structure. The ZnS grains are found to grow columnar as the film thickness increases, also widening in the direction parallel to the substrate surface and reaching the 100 - 200 nm average lateral size at the 650 nm film thickness. The presence of the 8H ZnS polytype was detected in the low-temperature ZnS:Mn films by TEM selected area electron diffraction and confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Dark field TEM imaging correlated this 8H ring with very small (∼2.5 nm) grains present throughout the low temperature film with a slightly higher density at the film/substrate interface. The 700°C post-deposition annealing was found to initiate a solid state transformation to the cubic (3C) ZnS crystal structure, and resulted in an average grain size of ∼250 nm at the surface of the annealed film.

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