scholarly journals Model of the pressing and drying system of organic material

2021 ◽  
Vol 1199 (1) ◽  
pp. 012099
Author(s):  
G Domek ◽  
K Talaśka
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
System Operating ◽  
Compression Chamber

Abstract The following paper presents a model of a system operating and drying food waste. This paper was written in response to the challenge of reducing food waste, minimizing environmental pollution, decay processes, and exploring the possibility of using said waste. The design of such a system has proven to be innovative, despite still being under construction. Whilst the pressing and drying process itself is not new, the list of process parameters has not previously been used, thus proving innovative in the developed model. High pressure pressing does not only change the geometric form or the physical properties of the material. Such a process also changes the physicochemical properties. The authors' previous experience in pressing organic materials is referenced in this work. Basic parameters such as temperature, pressure and process duration have been developed in earlier studies. In the proposed model, the friction against the walls in the compression chamber have been eliminated. This changes the parameters inside the compression chamber and will certainly improve the lifetime of the system. Previous solutions, such as screw presses, or for higher power - piston ones, were not durable and very energy-consuming. The new solution is much more durable and allows for use of higher pressures. Depending on the materials selected for the process, it will be possible to obtain new products that have not been produced before, due to the limitations of the pressing process. The developed model of pressing and drying organic materials will also allow the further production of ecological fuels from waste materials, like from the waste of the wood industry. It will also allow the use of straw in the production of new building materials. After making the model, there will be a wide scope for further research.

Growth of housing sector in India - application of Cost-effective Construction Technologies to reduce Greenhouse Gas Emission

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilanjan Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
Skilled Manpower ◽  
Energy Consuming

Building construction sector can play a major role in reducing Greenhouse Gas emission through application of technologies aimed at reduction of use of building materials. Energy consumed during production of building materials and components plays a crucial role in creating environmental pollution. India is witnessing high growth in urban and rural housing, which needs more production of building materials. Permanent or semi-permanent type buildings which consume easily available conventional materials like brick, reinforced cement concrete etc. can be made Economic and Eco-friendly by lowering use of energy-consuming building materials through Cost-effective Construction Technologies. Buildings with Cost-effective Construction Technology can be designed within the parameters of the existing Indian Standards. Awareness generation among the users, proper technical and architectural guidance and easy availability of skilled manpower are of utmost importance for promotion of cost-effective technologies in India and to make them as the most acceptable case of sustainable building technologies both in terms of cost and environment.

Food waste treatment option selection through spherical fuzzy AHP

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Aysu Melis Buyuk ◽  
Gul T. Temur
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Option ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Food Treatment ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Option Selection

In line with the increase in consciousness on sustainability in today’s global world, great emphasis has been attached to food waste management. Food waste is a complex issue to manage due to uncertainties on quality, quantity, location, and time of wastes, and it involves different decisions at many stages from seed to post-consumption. These ambiguities re-quire that some decisions should be handled in a linguistic and ambiguous environment. That forces researchers to benefit from fuzzy sets mostly utilized to deal with subjectivity that causes uncertainty. In this study, as a novel approach, the spherical fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (SFAHP) was used to select the best food treatment option. In the model, four main criteria (infrastructural, governmental, economic, and environmental) and their thirteen sub-criteria are considered. A real case is conducted to show how the proposed model can be used to assess four food waste treatment options (composting, anaerobic digestion, landfilling, and incineration). Also, a sensitivity analysis is generated to check whether the evaluations on the main criteria can change the results or not. The proposed model aims to create a subsidiary tool for decision makers in relevant companies and institutions.

scholarly journals Self-Cleaning Concrete for Landscaping Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 289 ◽  
pp. 05004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana-Maria Mircea
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Architecture ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Catalytic Material ◽  
Self Cleaning ◽  
Agriculture Water

Negative effects of environmental pollution pose a significant risk to agriculture, water resources and human health. This can however be reduced by selecting appropriate materials in construction and landscape architecture. It is well-known that strong sunlight or ultraviolet light decomposes many organic materials in a slow natural process. Photocatalytic substances accelerate this process and when used in concrete (which is one of the most widely used construction materials), permit the treatment of pollutants close to their source by applying a self-cleaning principle: decomposing organic materials, biological materials and pollutants into molecules like oxygen, water, carbon dioxide, nitrates, and sulphates. Catalytic material activation will start due to energy that is received from sunlight (it also can be activated using artificial lights), and self-cleaning begins when this material is activated. Beside other properties, this innovative self-cleaning concrete also keeps its colour for far longer than other traditional building materials, making it a desirable solution for landscaping applications.

Investigation of Thermal Insulation Materials Based on Easy Renewable Row Materials from Agriculture

2011 ◽  
Vol 335-336 ◽  
pp. 1412-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiri Zach ◽  
Jitka Peterková ◽  
Vít Petranek ◽  
Jana Kosíková ◽  
Azra Korjenic
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Materials Development ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Thermal Insulating ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Rock Wool

Production of building materials is mostly energy consuming. In the sphere of insulation materials we mostly see rock wool based materials or foam-plastic materials whose production process is demanding from material aspect and raw materials aspect as well. At present the demand for thermal insulation materials has been growing globally. The thermal insulation materials form integral part of all constructions in civil engineering. The materials mainly fulfill the thermal insulating functions and also the sound-insulating one. The majority of thermal insulation materials are able to fulfill both of the functions simultaneously. The paper describes questions of thermal insulation materials development with good sound properties based on natural fibres that represent a quickly renewable source of raw materials coming from agriculture. The main advantage of the materials are mainly the local availability and simple renewability of the raw materials. In addition an easy recycling of the materials after their service life end in the building construction and last but not least also the connection of human friendly properties of organic materials with advanced product manufacture qualities of modern insulation materials.

scholarly journals An Intelligent Marshalling Model for Enterprise Station Freight Railway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxia Guo ◽  
Gang Lu ◽  
Zili Xie ◽  
Jiawei Wen ◽  
Nanshan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Train Station ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Energy Consuming

Railway marshalling and transportation is an important component of the production supply chain for large and medium-sized enterprises in China. Traditional inefficient manual-made marshalling plans usually are not optimal in time or energy consuming. An efficient method needs to be developed to find the optimal marshalling plans automatically. This paper mainly studies the railway train automatic marshalling in large and medium-sized enterprises in China. Based on the investigation at the train station of a certain enterprise, according to the railway track information, carriage information, and production task information, this paper designs the abstracted railway state definitions of the station. Then based on the state definitions, the scheduling rules, and the objective function of time cost and economic cost, this paper converts abstract scheduling instructions into a general railway automatic marshalling model which can be executed by computers. By introducing the greedy strategies into different situations to optimize the algorithm of tracks occupation, carriages selection and train path selection in the model, the planning efficiency can be improved while ensuring the economic benefits of the enterprises and the quality of the formation plan. The experimental results show that the proposed model can generate fewer marshalling plans and find the optimal one faster in most cases, which proves the feasibility and availability of the model.

AgroForest Biomass and Circular Bioeconomy

2020 ◽  
pp. 203-247
Author(s):  
Alexandra Leitão ◽  
Francisco Rebelo ◽  
Manuela Pintado ◽  
Tânia Bragança Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Global Construction

The agroforest sector plays a leading role as a biomass supplier to obtain bio-based products that allowed an acceleration in the circular bioeconomy transition. This chapter applied a mixed-methods review to identify new attractive bio-based products and to evaluate its market potential in Portugal. Forest biomass was identified as an excellent raw material for (1) low-carbon building materials, (2) biotextiles, and (3) bioplastics. The potential of agro-food waste to obtain new bio-based materials was also emphasised. The new bioproducts identified have high potential and attractive markets. It was estimated that a 5% market share of these bioproducts in the global construction, textiles, and plastics markets in 2030 corresponds to an aggregate increase in revenues of 260-579 million € per year in Portugal. The environmental sustainability implications arising from the diffusion of these new biomaterials are also highlighted, focusing on the decarbonisation of the economy.

The influence of dynamic environmental conditions on capillary water uptake of building materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikos Karagiannis ◽  
Maria Karoglou ◽  
Asterios Bakolas ◽  
Magdalini Krokida ◽  
Antonia Moropoulou
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Capillary Rise ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Real Case ◽  
Capillary Absorption ◽  
Capillary Water ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Capillary Water Uptake

Water capillary absorption is one of the main water uptake mechanisms in building materials, affecting their overall durability. Thus, the investigation of their capillary rise kinetics can be very useful as regards understanding buildings behavior, contributing to the increase of their durability and their service life. For this reason, a first-order mathematical model was used describing the capillary water uptake under dynamic environmental conditions (different air velocity, air temperature, and relative air humidity) for various natural and artificial building materials. This model successfully fits the experimental data. From the results, it was found that both building materials’ intrinsic characteristics and environmental conditions influence the capillary rise kinetics. In order to assess the validity of the proposed model, a comparison with a similar model was performed. The fitting of the utilized model was more accurate because of the incorporation of the environmental parameters into it. Finally, the proposed model was utilized in order to predict the capillary water uptake under hypothetical extreme weather real-case scenarios. It was found that the proposed model can successfully predict the capillary water uptake under different real-case environmental conditions. The applicability of this semi-empirical model, using parameters with physical meaning, could make it suitable for use in building simulators. This model can contribute to risk assessment tools, dealing with various challenges related to climate change and its effect upon built environment.

Comparative Study of the Consolidation Process and Properties of Clay Based Geomaterials and “Geomimetic” Lateritic Clay Based Materials

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Gisèle L. Lecomte ◽  
A. Wattiaux ◽  
G. Lecomte
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Consolidation Process ◽  
Lateritic Clay ◽  
Concrete Building ◽  
Energy Consuming

The present work focuses on the elaboration of low energy consuming materials and the correlation between their final properties and the fabrication route. For this purpose, geomaterials have been elaborate using a common raw clay material. Also an original route has been developed to elaborate “geomimetic” materials. The raw material consists of lateritic clay, whereas the main reactives are namely: nitric acid, fulvic acid, and calcium hydroxide in an aqueous medium. In both materials, the strengthening process and the final characteristics of the as obtained products have been investigated. Namely: the characteristic compressive strength and the resistance to water seeping and wearing. The geomaterials exhibit a good resistance towards water seeping and wearing, but the products obtained using Portland cement present a greater characteristic compressive strength than with lime. “Geomimetic” materials are also water resistant. In fact, the products elaborated using nitric acid exhibit the best characteristic compressive strength, namely 20 MPa. While with fulvic acid, an environmental friendly organic acid, a characteristic compressive strength of 12 MPa is obtained. Thus the latter appears competitive towards usual stabilized earth and concrete building materials.

Investigation of Temperature Effects of Box-Girder Bridge in Typical Winter Weather of QINGHAI-TIBET Plateau

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 2117-2120
Author(s):  
Hao Su Liu ◽  
Jun Dong ◽  
Tian Liang ◽  
Zhi Gang Qi ◽  
Xue Jian Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Winter Weather ◽  
Box Girder ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Box Girder Bridge ◽  
Girder Bridge ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Based on the engineering background as which a box-girder bridge under construction in typical winter weather of Qinghai-Tibet plateau is chosen, a diffusion equation of temperature of the structure has been established, whose choices of initial and boundary conditions are discussed according to the field monitoring data and local weather information including solar radiation and air convection. Secondly, some tests of numerical simulation have been done by FEM software, and related parameters of the model are obtained. Finally, based on the determinate parameters, the temperature fields of another box-girder bridge are simulated, which agree with the measured data in the field. All these show that the investigation is not only providing basic parameters for temperature loading in the control of construction process of the bridge, but also providing significant reference for the design and construction of the same kind of bridges in typical winter weather of Qinghai-Tibet plateau.

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