Comparative Study of the Consolidation Process and Properties of Clay Based Geomaterials and “Geomimetic” Lateritic Clay Based Materials

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Gisèle L. Lecomte ◽  
A. Wattiaux ◽  
G. Lecomte
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Consolidation Process ◽  
Lateritic Clay ◽  
Concrete Building ◽  
Energy Consuming

The present work focuses on the elaboration of low energy consuming materials and the correlation between their final properties and the fabrication route. For this purpose, geomaterials have been elaborate using a common raw clay material. Also an original route has been developed to elaborate “geomimetic” materials. The raw material consists of lateritic clay, whereas the main reactives are namely: nitric acid, fulvic acid, and calcium hydroxide in an aqueous medium. In both materials, the strengthening process and the final characteristics of the as obtained products have been investigated. Namely: the characteristic compressive strength and the resistance to water seeping and wearing. The geomaterials exhibit a good resistance towards water seeping and wearing, but the products obtained using Portland cement present a greater characteristic compressive strength than with lime. “Geomimetic” materials are also water resistant. In fact, the products elaborated using nitric acid exhibit the best characteristic compressive strength, namely 20 MPa. While with fulvic acid, an environmental friendly organic acid, a characteristic compressive strength of 12 MPa is obtained. Thus the latter appears competitive towards usual stabilized earth and concrete building materials.

Effect of Calcium Hydroxide and Water to Solid Ratio on Compressive Strength of Mordenite-Based Geopolymer and the Evaluation of its Thermal Transmission Property

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio H. Cornejo ◽  
Jan Elsen ◽  
Bolivar Togra ◽  
Haci Baykara ◽  
Guillermo Soriano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Central Composite Experimental Design

Mordenite-rich tuff is one of most available zeolitic rocks all over the world. Because of this, the research of natural mordenite as a raw material of geopolymeric materials can provide an almost unlimited source of solid precursor for manufacturing such building materials. Despite efforts to shed light on the behaviour of mordenite-rich tuff during geopolymeric reaction, the performance of these novel materials is barely understood. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of the content of calcium hydroxide, CH, and water-to-solid ratio, W/S, as mixing parameters on compressive strength of mordenite-based geopolymers, MBG, and its thermal conductivity. As solid precursor was used mordenite-rich tuff and mixed with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 10M that kept constant during the experiment. Two experimental parameters were selected as independent variables i.e, the content of CH and water-to-solid ratio, and their levels, according to a central composite experimental design. All these designed mixes were characterized by using quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersed spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), in addition thermal conductivity tests were also run according to standard method ASTM C177 at 9, 24, 39°C. The overall results suggested that MBG can be used as building material, however its thermal conductivity was higher than that of commercial isolate building material. The experimental design analysis indicated that the optimum water-to-solid ratio was 0.35, but in the case of the content of CH, the optimum value was not observed on this experimental range because the compressive strength increased as the content of CH increased as well. The compressive strength of MBG was observed in the range between 8.7 and 11.3 MPa. On the other hand, QXRD and FTIR showed that mordenite reacted during the geopolymeric reaction, but instead quartz, also found in zeolitic tuff, acted as inert filler.

scholarly journals Old Dumped Fly Ash as a Sand Replacement in Cement Composites

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Harasymiuk ◽  
Andrzej Rudziński
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Cement Composites ◽  
Waste Dumps

The use of industrial residues to replace natural resources for the production of building materials is economically and ecologically justified. Fly ash (FA) taken directly from electro-filters is commonly used as a cement replacement material. This is not the case, however, for old dumped fly ash (ODFA) that has been accumulating in on-site waste dumps for decades and currently has no practical use. It causes environmental degradation, which is not fully controlled by the governments of developed countries. The aim of the study was to assess the possibility of using ODFA as a partial replacement for sand in cement composites. ODFA replaced part of the sand mass (20% and 30%) in composites with a limited amount of cement (a cement-saving measure) and sand (saving non-renewable raw material resources). ODFA was activated by the addition of different proportions of hydrated lime, the purposes of which was to trigger a pozzolanic reaction in ODFA. The quantitative composition of the samples was chosen in such a way as to ensure the maximum durability and longevity of composites with a limited amount of cement. The 28-day samples were exposed to seawater attack for 120 days. After this period, the compressive strength of each sample series was determined. The results suggest the possibility of using ODFA with hydrated lime to lay town district road foundations and bike paths of 3.5 to 5 MPA compressive strength. What is more, these composites can be used in very aggressive environments.

scholarly journals Experimental Studies on Compressive Strength of Aerated Concrete with Varying Percentage of Aluminium Powder

2021 ◽  
Vol 309 ◽  
pp. 01197
Author(s):  
G.V.V. Satyanarayana ◽  
A. Ranjith
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Aluminium Powder ◽  
Aerated Concrete ◽  
Lime Powder ◽  
By Products

Today the disposal of various by-product materials is a concern against the environment, these are producing due to rapid industrial growth in our country. Most of the researchers are focused on the utilization of these by-products in the civil engineering construction industry. By using these by-products, on one hand, will protect the environment and other hands the disposal problem will be solved. Day by day the requirement of building materials increased due to urbanization, due to this more raw materials are required and depleted the natural resources. In this contest, environmental protection is need to protect incremental temperature in nature. To avoid these problems of the modern era, aggregation of these by-products can be used as one of building material and to overcome this situation, Aerated concrete is one of the solutions by reducing the raw material quantity in concrete like sand and cement by introducing air without compromising in the volume. Day to day aerated concrete has become popular due to lightweight and high insulation against temperature and sound. This concrete is using in high raised buildings to reduce the self-weight of building to protect during earthquake situations. In this experimental study mainly performed the compressive strength of aerated concrete with replacement of sand by quarry dust. Also reducing the cement content with replacement of fly ash, GGBS and lime powder at various percentages that is ranging. the performance of aerated concrete was observed more satisfactory when compared with and without replacement of above-saided materials.

scholarly journals Influence of Forced Carbonisation on the Binding Properties of Sludge with a High β-Belite Content

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7899
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Bakhtin ◽  
Nikolay Lyubomirskiy ◽  
Stanisław Fic ◽  
Tamara Bakhtina
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Alumina Production ◽  
Insoluble Compounds

Alternative binders activated by forced carbonisation are regarded as one of the potential solutions to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, water, and energy consumption. Such binders, in particular those based on nepheline sludge (a by-product of alumina production), cured in carbon dioxide with subsequent hydration, are clinkerless building materials. The development of such binders contributes to the involvement of multi-tonnage solid industrial waste in the production cycle. This type of waste is capable of binding man-made CO2 and transforming it into stable insoluble compounds, having binder properties. The optimum technological parameters of the forced carbonisation of the nepheline slime binder was determined by the mathematical planning of the experiment. The novelty of the research is the expansion of the secondary raw material base that can bind the man-made CO2 with obtaining the construction products of appropriate quality. It was revealed that the process of active CO2 absorption by the minerals of nepheline slime is observed in the first 120 min of the forced carbonization. Immediately after carbonisation, the resulting material develops compressive strength up to 57.64 MPa, and at the subsequent hydration within 28 days this figure increases to 68.71 MPa. Calcium carbonate is the main binder that determines the high mechanical properties of the samples. During the subsequent hydration of the uncoated belite, gel-like products are formed, which additionally harden the carbonised matrix. Thus, after the forced carbonisation and the following 28 days of hardening, the material with compressive strength in the range 4.38–68.71 MPa and flexural strength of 3.1–8.9 MPa was obtained. This material was characterised by water absorption by mass in the range of 13.9–23.3% and the average density of 1640–1886 kg/m3. The softening coefficient of the material was 0.51–0.99. The results obtained enables one to consider further prospects for research in this area, in terms of the introduction of additional technological parameters to study the process of forced carbonisation of nepheline slime.

Mechanical Performance of the Phosphogypsum Baking-free Bricks

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Guo ◽  
Yajing Mao ◽  
Lizhai Pei ◽  
Chuangang Fan
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Consolidation Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Softening Coefficient

Background: A large amount of phosphogypsum occupies the land and causes the environmental pollution. It is of great research significance and urgency to utilization of the phosphogypsum. Methods: The influence of the ratio of the cementing materials and phosphogypsum (C/P ratio) on the compressive strength, water absorption, softening coefficient and freeze-thaw stability of the phosphogypsum baking-free bricks was investigated. The consolidation process of the phosphogypsum baking-free bricks was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: XRD patterns show that the phosphogypsum baking-free bricks curved for 28 d are mainly composed of monoclinic CaSO4•2H2O and hexagonal Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12•26H2O (Aft) phases. SEM observation shows that the phosphogypsum bricks consist of Aft nanorods and irregular microscale particles. The softening coefficient, water-resistant performance and freeze-thaw stability of the phosphogypsum baking-free bricks remarkably decrease with decreasing the C/P ratio. 28 d compressive strength decreases from 26.42 MPa to 15.58 MPa with the change of the C/P ratio from 1:1 to 1:2.5. The optimal ratio of the cementing materials and phosphogymsum is 1:1. The phosphogypsum baking-free bricks exhibit good stability after 18 freeze-thaw cycles. Conclusion: Phosphogypsum baking-free bricks were prepared by natural curing process using phosphogypsum as the raw materials, cement, slag, fly ash and silica fume as the cementing materials. The phosphogypsum baking-free bricks exhibit great application in the field of the building materials.

The Performance of the Ceramsite Concrete Block and its Application Research

2015 ◽  
Vol 744-746 ◽  
pp. 1543-1546
Author(s):  
Le Le Yu ◽  
Jia Dai Chen ◽  
Yi Wen Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Application Research ◽  
Working Process ◽  
Concrete Building

Ceramsite concrete and ceramsite concrete block are characterized by lightweight, high strength and good thermal insulation properties, which are widely applied to construction. If amoderate amount of polystyrene particles is added during the working process of ceramsite concrete block in order to improve its physical properties, a kind of new ceramsite concrete building materials is produced. Based on the experimental studies, the article expounds the physical and mechanical properties in terms of density, water absorption and compressive strength, with the purpose of providing reliable evidence for the application and popularization of new ceramsite concrete block.

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC MASSES: IMPROVEMENT BY COMPLEX MATERIAL ACTIVATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-351
Author(s):  
A. S. Mavlyanov ◽  
E. K. Sardarbekova
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sensitivity Coefficient ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Production Wastes ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Masses

Introduction. The objective of the research is to study the effect of the complex activation of the alumina raw material on the rheological properties of the ceramic mass. In addition, the authors investigate solutions for the application of optimal coagulation structures based on loams and ash together with plastic certificates.Materials and methods. The authors used the local forest like reserves of clay loams at the BashKarasu, ash fields of the Bishkek Central Heating Centre (BTEC) and plasticizer (sodium naphthenate obtained from alkaline chemical production wastes) as fibrous materials. Moreover, the authors defined technological properties of raw materials within standard laboratory methodology in accordance with current GOSTs.Results. The researchers tested plastic durability on variously prepared masses for the choice of optimal structures. The paper demonstrated the plastic durability of complexly activated compounds comparing with non-activated and mechanically activated compounds. The sensitivity coefficient increased the amount of clay loams by mechanically and complexly activated, which predetermined the possibility of intensifying the process of drying samples based on complexly activated masses.Discussion and conclusions. However, mechanical activation of clay material reduces the period of relaxation and increases the elasticity coefficient of ceramic masses by 1.8–3.4 times, meanwhile decreases elasticity, viscosity and the conventional power during molding, which generally worsens the molding properties of the masses. Сomplex activation of ash-clay material decreases the period of relaxation and provides an increase in elasticity, plasticity of ceramic masses by 46–47%, reduction in viscosity by 1.5–2 times, conventional power on molding by 37–122% in comparison with MA clay loams. Ceramic masses based on spacecraft alumina raw materials belong to the SMT with improved rheological properties; products based on them pass through the mouthpiece for 5–7 seconds.

Growth of housing sector in India - application of Cost-effective Construction Technologies to reduce Greenhouse Gas Emission

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilanjan Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
Skilled Manpower ◽  
Energy Consuming

Building construction sector can play a major role in reducing Greenhouse Gas emission through application of technologies aimed at reduction of use of building materials. Energy consumed during production of building materials and components plays a crucial role in creating environmental pollution. India is witnessing high growth in urban and rural housing, which needs more production of building materials. Permanent or semi-permanent type buildings which consume easily available conventional materials like brick, reinforced cement concrete etc. can be made Economic and Eco-friendly by lowering use of energy-consuming building materials through Cost-effective Construction Technologies. Buildings with Cost-effective Construction Technology can be designed within the parameters of the existing Indian Standards. Awareness generation among the users, proper technical and architectural guidance and easy availability of skilled manpower are of utmost importance for promotion of cost-effective technologies in India and to make them as the most acceptable case of sustainable building technologies both in terms of cost and environment.

scholarly journals Crushed Bricks: Demolition Waste as a Sustainable Raw Material for Geopolymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7572
Author(s):  
Gigliola D’Angelo ◽  
Marina Fumo ◽  
Mercedes del Rio Merino ◽  
Ilaria Capasso ◽  
Assunta Campanile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Crushed Brick

Demolition activity plays an important role in the total energy consumption of the construction industry in the European Union. The indiscriminate use of non-renewable raw materials, energy consumption, and unsustainable design has led to a redefinition of the criteria to ensure environmental protection. This article introduces an experimental plan that determines the viability of a new type of construction material, obtained from crushed brick waste, to be introduced into the construction market. The potential of crushed brick waste as a raw material in the production of building precast products, obtained by curing a geopolymeric blend at 60 °C for 3 days, has been exploited. Geopolymers represent an important alternative in reducing emissions and energy consumption, whilst, at the same time, achieving a considerable mechanical performance. The results obtained from this study show that the geopolymers produced from crushed brick were characterized by good properties in terms of open porosity, water absorption, mechanical strength, and surface resistance values when compared to building materials produced using traditional technologies.

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