scholarly journals The Development Of Brigthness Evaluation Method For Digital Billboards

2021 ◽  
Vol 1202 (1) ◽  
pp. 012035
Author(s):  
Gunta Krumina ◽  
Liva Volberga ◽  
Gatis Ikaunieks ◽  
Lauris Naumovs
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
New Method ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Discomfort Glare ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Digital Billboards ◽  
Glare Effect

Abstract LED-based billboards are becoming increasingly popular due to their low cost, flexibility, and efficiency. On another side, the too-bright digital billboard may pose a potential threat to road safety. The driver’s perception of advertising depends on the different factors, including the billboard’s luminance value. The aim of the study was to develop the assessment method for the digital screen parameters (luminance or illumination) which could be applied by supervising authorities, using budget-friendly devices, such as a lux meter and could be used during the billboard active operation. We tested the recommended method of OAAA and concluded that it is not applied for large billboards (over 25 square-meter) due to the calculated far distance and low sensitivity of lux meter. We have developed the new method based on driver discomfort glare and De Boer ratio. The ratio helps to determine how likely a display is to cause discomfort to those around it. The lower the value, the less discomfort the driver will experience from the billboard. The new method is applied for the active and different size billboard and using lux meter that is not an expensive device. Moreover, we take into account the glare effect of billboard on drivers’ vision.

Dual Nickel/Palladium-Catalyzed Reductive Cross-Coupling Reactions Between Two Phenol Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baojian Xiong ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Yin Wei ◽  
Søren Kramer ◽  
Zhong Lian
Keyword(s):  
Functional Group ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cross Coupling ◽  
Coupling Reactions ◽  
Phenol Derivatives ◽  
Cross Coupling Reactions ◽  
Palladium Catalyzed ◽  
One Step ◽  
Aryl Tosylates ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Cross-coupling between substrates that can be easily derived from phenols is highly attractive due to the abundance and low cost of phenols. Here, we report a dual nickel/palladium-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling between aryl tosylates and aryl triflates; both substrates can be accessed in just one step from readily available phenols. The reaction has a broad functional group tolerance and substrate scope (>60 examples). Furthermore, it displays low sensitivity to steric effects demonstrated by the synthesis of a 2,2’disubstituted biaryl and a fully substituted aryl product. The widespread presence of phenols in natural products and pharmaceuticals allow for straightforward late-stage functionalization, illustrated with examples such as Ezetimibe and tyrosine. NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations indicate that the nickel catalyst is responsible for activating the aryl triflate, while the palladium catalyst preferentially reacts with the aryl tosylate.

Robust Test Method of TSOP PEMs for Space Application

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunobu Iwai ◽  
Koichi Shinozaki ◽  
Daiki Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reliability Evaluation ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Thermal Shock Test ◽  
Space Application ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Limit Test ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Compared with space parts, consumer parts are highly functional, low cost, compact and lightweight. Therefore, their increased usage in space applications is expected. Prior testing and evaluation on space applicability are necessary because consumer parts do not have quality guarantees for space application [1]. However, in the conventional reliability evaluation method, the test takes a long time, and the problem is that the robustness of the target sample can’t be evaluated in a short time. In this report, we apply to the latest TSOP PEM (Thin Small Outline Package Plastic Encapsulated Microcircuit) an evaluation method that combines preconditioning and HALT (Highly Accelerated Limit Test), which is a test method that causes failures in a short time under very severe environmental conditions. We show that this method can evaluate the robustness of TSOP PEMs including solder connections in a short time. In addition, the validity of this evaluation method for TSOP PEM is shown by comparing with the evaluation results of thermal shock test and life test, which are conventional reliability evaluation methods.

Research on Oil Depot Safety Evaluation Based on Dow Chemical Fire and Explosion Index Assessment Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 748 ◽  
pp. 1256-1261
Author(s):  
Shou Hui He ◽  
Han Hua Zhu ◽  
Shi Dong Fan ◽  
Quan Wen
Keyword(s):  
Production Management ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Theoretical Ground ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Process Unit ◽  
Safety Production ◽  
Fire And Explosion

At the present time, the Dow Chemical Fire and Explosion Index (F&EI) is a kind of risk index evaluation method that is comprehensively used in evaluating potential hazard, area of exposure, expected losses in case of fire and explosion, etc. As the research object to oil depot storage tank area, this article ultimately confirms establishing appropriate pattern of process unit as well as reasonable safety precautions compensating method, in order to insure the reasonableness of evaluating result, by means of selecting process unit, confirming material factor and compensating safety precautions, using F&EI method. This can provide the basis for theoretical ground in aspect of oil depot development and safety production management.

scholarly journals Rapid and Sensitive Detection of miRNA Based on AC Electrokinetic Capacitive Sensing for Point-of-Care Applications

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 3985
Author(s):  
Nan Wan ◽  
Yu Jiang ◽  
Jiamei Huang ◽  
Rania Oueslati ◽  
Shigetoshi Eda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Capacitive Sensing ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Mirna Detection ◽  
Mirna 25 ◽  
Low Sensitivity

A sensitive and efficient method for microRNAs (miRNAs) detection is strongly desired by clinicians and, in recent years, the search for such a method has drawn much attention. There has been significant interest in using miRNA as biomarkers for multiple diseases and conditions in clinical diagnostics. Presently, most miRNA detection methods suffer from drawbacks, e.g., low sensitivity, long assay time, expensive equipment, trained personnel, or unsuitability for point-of-care. New methodologies are needed to overcome these limitations to allow rapid, sensitive, low-cost, easy-to-use, and portable methods for miRNA detection at the point of care. In this work, to overcome these shortcomings, we integrated capacitive sensing and alternating current electrokinetic effects to detect specific miRNA-16b molecules, as a model, with the limit of detection reaching 1.0 femto molar (fM) levels. The specificity of the sensor was verified by testing miRNA-25, which has the same length as miRNA-16b. The sensor we developed demonstrated significant improvements in sensitivity, response time and cost over other miRNA detection methods, and has application potential at point-of-care.

scholarly journals Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Influence of RDX Internal Defects on Sensitivity

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Pengmin Yan ◽  
Xue Zhao ◽  
Jiuhou Rui ◽  
Juan Zhao ◽  
Min Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Safety Properties ◽  
Internal Defects ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

The internal defect is an important factor that could influence the energy and safety properties of energetic materials. RDX samples of two qualities were characterized and simulated to reveal the influence of different defects on sensitivity. The internal defects were characterized with optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and microfocus X-ray computed tomography technology. The results show that high-density RDX has fewer defects and a more uniform distribution. Based on the characterization results, defect models with different defect rates and distribution were established. The simulation results show that the models with fewer internal defects lead to shorter N-NO2 maximum bond lengths and greater cohesive energy density (CED). The maximum bond length and CED can be used as the criterion for the relative sensitivity of RDX, and therefore defect models doped with different solvents are established. The results show that the models doped with propylene carbonate and acetone lead to higher sensitivity. This may help to select the solvent to prepare low-sensitivity RDX. The results reported in this paper are aiming at the development of a more convenient and low-cost method for studying the influence of internal defects on the sensitivity of energetic materials.

scholarly journals Clustering-Based Component Fraction Estimation in Solid–Liquid Two-Phase Flow in Dredging Engineering

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 5697
Author(s):  
Chang Sun ◽  
Shihong Yue ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Huaxiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
New Method ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Reference Distribution ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Solid Liquid

Component fraction (CF) is one of the most important parameters in multiple-phase flow. Due to the complexity of the solid–liquid two-phase flow, the CF estimation remains unsolved both in scientific research and industrial application for a long time. Electrical resistance tomography (ERT) is an advanced type of conductivity detection technique due to its low-cost, fast-response, non-invasive, and non-radiation characteristics. However, when the existing ERT method is used to measure the CF value in solid–liquid two-phase flow in dredging engineering, there are at least three problems: (1) the dependence of reference distribution whose CF value is zero; (2) the size of the detected objects may be too small to be found by ERT; and (3) there is no efficient way to estimate the effect of artifacts in ERT. In this paper, we proposed a method based on the clustering technique, where a fast-fuzzy clustering algorithm is used to partition the ERT image to three clusters that respond to liquid, solid phases, and their mixtures and artifacts, respectively. The clustering algorithm does not need any reference distribution in the CF estimation. In the case of small solid objects or artifacts, the CF value remains effectively computed by prior information. To validate the new method, a group of typical CF estimations in dredging engineering were implemented. Results show that the new method can effectively overcome the limitations of the existing method, and can provide a practical and more accurate way for CF estimation.

Estimation of Failure Probability and its Applications in Reliability Data Analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 118-120 ◽  
pp. 601-605
Author(s):  
Han Ming
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Bayesian Estimation ◽  
Failure Probability ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
New Method ◽  
Reliability Parameter ◽  
Hierarchical Bayesian Estimation ◽  
Definition Of

Evaluation method of reliability parameter estimation needs to be improved effectively with the advance of science and technology. This paper develops a new method of parameter estimation, which is named E-Bayesian estimation method. In the case one hyper-parameter, the definition of E-Bayesian estimation of the failure probability is provided, moreover, the formulas of E-Bayesian estimation and hierarchical Bayesian estimation, and the property of E-Bayesian estimation of the failure probability are also provided. Finally, calculation on practical problems shows that the provided method is feasible and easy to perform.

scholarly journals A new lightweight method for security risk assessment based on fuzzy cognitive maps

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Szwed ◽  
Paweł Skrzyński
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cognitive Maps ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Fuzzy Cognitive Maps ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Security Risk Assessment

Abstract For contemporary software systems, security is considered to be a key quality factor and the analysis of IT security risk becomes an indispensable stage during software deployment. However, performing risk assessment according to methodologies and standards issued for the public sector or large institutions can be too costly and time consuming. Current business practice tends to circumvent risk assessment by defining sets of standard safeguards and applying them to all developed systems. This leads to a substantial gap: threats are not re-evaluated for particular systems and the selection of security functions is not based on risk models. This paper discusses a new lightweight risk assessment method aimed at filling this gap. In this proposal, Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) are used to capture dependencies between assets, and FCM-based reasoning is performed to calculate risks. An application of the method is studied using an example of an e-health system providing remote telemonitoring, data storage and teleconsultation services. Lessons learned indicate that the proposed method is an efficient and low-cost approach, giving instantaneous feedback and enabling reasoning on the effectiveness of the security system.

scholarly journals Analysis of Key Factors Affecting Water Disaster in Deep Mining and Establishment of a Water Disaster Evaluation Method Suitable for Different Mining Depths

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jianghui He ◽  
Wenping Li ◽  
Wei Qiao ◽  
Zhi Yang ◽  
Qiqing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Inrush ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
New Method ◽  
Specific Yield ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Deep Mining ◽  
Hydrogeological Characteristics ◽  
Formula Method ◽  
Water Disaster

Deep mining is the current and future mining focus in the coalfield of North China. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a water inrush assessment method suitable for deep mining. The conventional water inrush coefficient ( T ) method is simple to use, but its accuracy is low when the mining depth is very small or large because it neglects the role of the aquifer water yield. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce a simple water inrush risk assessment method that is more applicable in deep mining than the T method. In this study, the hydrogeological characteristics in deep mining were studied and the role of the aquifer water yield in water inrush was analyzed. Afterwards, an improved T method considering the aquifer specific yield ( q ) was established. In the new method, the critical water inrush coefficient changes with changing q following a negative correlation. The parameter thresholds were determined based on systematic data analyses of 186 mining cases. The results of the statistical analysis show that the accuracy of the new method at different mining depths is higher than that of the T method.

scholarly journals Possible Assessment Method of Green Infrastructure in the Case of Small Town Keszthely, Hungary

Land Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. p21
Author(s):  
Vera Iváncsics ◽  
Krisztina Filepné Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Environmental Planning ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Further Development ◽  
The Eu

Recently the planning of green infrastructure (GI) has become a general practice around metropolis (Paris, München, Budapest, etc). A complex methodology is required that goes beyond the scope of traditional green surface systems. However, there are various policy implications in the EU, the smaller towns are lagging to apply them. The paper presents a potential evaluation method through the case study of Keszthely, HU. As Keszthely at Balaton Riviera, is a popular touristic target of CEE, the environmental planning is an essential part of sustainable development. After a literature analyses of assessment methods of GI and ecosystem services, the aspects of GI have been valued on grade scales, based on field surveys and indicators. The current status of the GI was surveyed which is a base for further development and monitoring activities. The paper introduces the methodology, which contributes to preservation of ecosystems.

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