Modeling the systematic behavior at the micro and nano length scales

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Quagliotti
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Frequentist Statistics ◽  
Systematic Behavior ◽  
Contact Instrument ◽  
Model Equations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Iso 25178

Abstract The assessment of the systematic behavior based on frequentist statistics was analyzed in the context of micro/nano metrology. The proposed method is in agreement with the well-known GUM recommendations. The investigation assessed three different case studies with definition of model equations and establishment of the traceability. The systematic behavior was modeled in Sq roughness parameters and step height measurements obtained from different types of optical microscopes, and in comparison with a calibrated contact instrument. The sequence of case studies demonstrated the applicability of the method to micrographs when their elements are averaged. Moreover, a number of influence factors, which are typical causes of inaccuracy at the micro and nano length scales, were analyzed in relation to the correction of the systematic behavior, viz. the amount of repeated measurements, the time sequence of the acquired micrographs and the instrument-operator chain. The possibility of applying the method individually to the elements of the micrographs was instead proven not convenient and too onerous for the industry. Eventually, the method was also examined against the framework of the metrological characteristics defined in ISO 25178-600 with hints on possible future developments.

Democracy and Political Culture

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross McKibbin
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Social System ◽  
Political System ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

This book is an examination of Britain as a democratic society; what it means to describe it as such; and how we can attempt such an examination. The book does this via a number of ‘case-studies’ which approach the subject in different ways: J.M. Keynes and his analysis of British social structures; the political career of Harold Nicolson and his understanding of democratic politics; the novels of A.J. Cronin, especially The Citadel, and what they tell us about the definition of democracy in the interwar years. The book also investigates the evolution of the British party political system until the present day and attempts to suggest why it has become so apparently unstable. There are also two chapters on sport as representative of the British social system as a whole as well as the ways in which the British influenced the sporting systems of other countries. The book has a marked comparative theme, including one chapter which compares British and Australian political cultures and which shows British democracy in a somewhat different light from the one usually shone on it. The concluding chapter brings together the overall argument.

Historical Perspectives on Innovation in Indian Business

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Markovits
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Industrial Firm ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Trading Network

This chapter deals with the question of innovation in Indian business from a historical perspective. After a brief survey of the literature, emphasizing how divided scholarly opinion was regarding the existence of forms of innovation in Indian business prior to the colonial era, the focus shifts to the British period. It is shown that Schumpeter’s definition of innovation equating it with technological innovation cannot be fruitfully applied to the Indian business scene. Two case studies are then proposed: Tata Iron & Steel, the largest Indian industrial firm, is shown to have been innovative in the specific context of India’s backward industrial scene, while the Sindwork merchants of Hyderabad are an instance of an Indian trading network which extended its range to the entire world. Concluding remarks interrogate post-Independence developments and stress the limits of the innovativeness of Indian business, prior to the recent liberal reforms.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Calculative Trust

This Introduction to the book does three things. First, it introduces the concept of trust and develops a definition of trust as the ‘expectation of no harm in contexts where betrayal is always a possibility’. Next, it identities two conceptions of trust that guide the book, ‘calculative trust’ and ‘trust as suspension’, which provide very different explanations for how actors form expectations that another will be trustworthy. It then shows how trust as suspension opens up a new theory of accurate signal interpretation and demonstrates how this theory is superior to costly signalling-based theories of accurate signal interpretation. The final section of the Introduction sets out the rationale for the case studies and the key assumptions.

scholarly journals FROM THE DEFINITION OF USER EXPERIENCE TO A FRAMEWORK TO CLASSIFY ITS APPLICATIONS IN DESIGN

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1627-1636
Author(s):  
Aurora Berni ◽  
Yuri Borgianni
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
System Context ◽  
Comprehensive Studies

AbstractThe concept of User Experience (UX) dates back to the 1990s, but a shared definition of UX is not available. As design integrates UX, different interpretations thereof can complicate the possibility to build upon previous literature and develop the field autonomously. Indeed, by analysing the literature, UX emerges as a cauldron of related and closely linked concepts. However, it is possible to find recurring attributes that emerge from those definitions, which are ascribable to two foci: the fundamental elements of the interaction (user, system, context) and typologies of experience (ergonomic, cognitive, and emotional). Those are used to build a framework. We have preliminarily investigated how UX is dealt with in design by mapping a sample of UX-related experimental articles published in design journals. We classified UX case studies based on the framework to individuate the UXs that emerge most frequently and the most studied ones in the design field. The two-focus framework allows the mapping of experiments involving UX in design, without highlighting specific favorable combinations. However, comprehensive studies dealing with all elements and UX typologies have not been found.

scholarly journals Remote Sensing Applications for Landslide Monitoring and Investigation in Western Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 366
Author(s):  
Renato Macciotta ◽  
Michael T. Hendry
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Slope Failure ◽  
Landslide Monitoring ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
River Valleys

Transportation infrastructure in mountainous terrain and through river valleys is exposed to a variety of landslide phenomena. This is particularly the case for highway and railway corridors in Western Canada that connect towns and industries through prairie valleys and the Canadian cordillera. The fluidity of these corridors is important for the economy of the country and the safety of workers, and users of this infrastructure is paramount. Stabilization of all active slopes is financially challenging given the extensive area where landslides are a possibility, and monitoring and minimization of slope failure consequences becomes an attractive risk management strategy. In this regard, remote sensing techniques provide a means for enhancing the monitoring toolbox of the geotechnical engineer. This includes an improved identification of active landslides in large areas, robust complement to in-place instrumentation for enhanced landslide investigation, and an improved definition of landslide extents and deformation mechanisms. This paper builds upon the extensive literature on the application of remote sensing techniques and discusses practical insights gained from a suite of case studies from the authors’ experience in Western Canada. The review of the case studies presents a variety of landslide mechanisms and remote sensing technologies. The aim of the paper is to transfer some of the insights gained through these case studies to the reader.

scholarly journals Recursion and the Definition of Universal Prosodic Categories

Languages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Lisa Lai-Shen Cheng ◽  
Laura J. Downing
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Syntactic Theory ◽  
Current Controversy ◽  
Syntactic Representation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Prosodic Categories ◽  
Phonological Phrase

It is widely agreed that prosodic constituents should mirror syntactic constituents (unless high-ranking prosodic constraints interfere). Because recursion is a feature of syntactic representations, one expects recursion in prosodic representations as well. However, it is of current controversy what kinds of syntactic representation motivate prosodic recursion. In this paper, the use of Phonological Phrase recursion is reviewed in several case studies, chosen because prosodic recursion mostly does not reflect syntactic recursion as defined in current syntactic theory. We provide reanalyses that do not appeal to prosodic recursion (unless syntactically motivated), showing that Phonological Phrase recursion is not necessary to capture the relevant generalizations. The more restrictive use of prosodic recursion we argue for has the following conceptual advantages. It allows for more consistent cross-linguistic generalizations about the syntax–prosody mapping so that prosodic representations more closely reflect syntactic ones. It allows the fundamental syntactic distinctions between clause (and other phases) and phrase to be reflected in the prosodic representation, and it allows cross-linguistic generalizations to be made about the prosodic domain of intonational processes, such as downstep and continuation rise.

Impedance Reduction Controller Design for Mechanical Systems

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanseung Woo ◽  
Kyoungchul Kong
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Controller Design ◽  
Mechanical Impedance ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Mechatronic Systems ◽  
Closed Loop Systems ◽  
Guaranteed Stability ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Definition Of

Safety is one of important factors in control of mechatronic systems interacting with humans. In order to evaluate the safety of such systems, mechanical impedance is often utilized as it indicates the magnitude of reaction forces when the systems are subjected to motions. Namely, the mechatronic systems should have low mechanical impedance for improved safety. In this paper, a methodology to design controllers for reduction of mechanical impedance is proposed. For the proposed controller design, the mathematical definition of the mechanical impedance for open-loop and closed-loop systems is introduced. Then the controllers are designed for stable and unstable systems such that they effectively lower the magnitude of mechanical impedance with guaranteed stability. The proposed method is verified through case studies including simulations.

A Social Sonic Paradigm

2021 ◽  
pp. 540-554
Author(s):  
Tegan Bristow ◽  
João Orecchia Zúñiga
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Sound Art ◽  
Intellectual Engagement ◽  
The Third ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Forms Of Knowledge

This chapter presents an examination of why—in contemporary Africa, with Southern Africa as the primary focus—there are very few artists working with sound in a manner that fits the paradigm of sound art as it is known in Euro-America. Emphasis is not placed on a lack of intellectual engagement, which is significant in the Euro-American definition of sound art. What is presented does not aim to deviate from this, but rather acts to affirm an engagement with alternative forms of knowledge and mechanisms of sound found in the South. Three areas are explored; these however are interlinked and do not stand alone. The first is an understanding of the practice of interdisciplinarity as political engagement. The second explores the role of community and communal interaction with sound and how this is fundamental to form in the region. The third extends this by showing how the histories of knowledge and power are fundamental to these explorations in the region, emphasizing how contemporary explorations of sound are used to both contain and shift these histories. The chapter takes shape with the use of case studies and draws on interviews conducted by the authors.

Recent Advances in the Management of Cardiogenic Shock

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Gasperetti
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cardiogenic Shock ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Mechanical Circulatory Support ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Circulatory Support ◽  
Mechanical Support ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Definition Of

For decades, the cardiogenic shock has remained one of the cardiac illnesses with the highest mortality, as high as 50%. Recent advances have lowered this mortality rate by use of early recognition of shock as well as an increased understanding of both advanced mechanical support and the hemodynamics of myocardial support. Included are the new definition of shock, results of a study of inotropic medications in shock, description, and case studies of mechanical circulatory support, all providing a framework for the overall goal in the management of cardiogenic shock as one to recognize shock, follow its dynamic state, and maximize support to patients toward recovery.

Removing the Nationality Paradigm from Herodotus’ Histories

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-323
Author(s):  
Salvatore Tufano
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Persian Wars ◽  
Classical Definition ◽  
Mixed Language ◽  
Archaic Greece ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract The present paper suggests that the recurring appeal to kinship diplomacy undermines a fixed idea of ‘nation’ in Archaic Greece, especially in the first two decades of the fifth century BC. It aims to present a series of test cases in Herodotus that explain why contemporary patterns and theories on ancient ethnicity can hardly explain the totality of the historical spectrum. Blood ties could sometimes fortify ethnic relationships, as in the case of Aristagoras’ mission to Sparta (Hdt. 5.49.3), since the common Greekness could elicit the Spartan to help to the Ionians. In other times, the same blood ties were applied to divine genealogies, and they could also be used to show the feeble devotion of cities like Argos to the Greek cause (7.150.2: Xerxes expects the Argives to join the Persian cause, since they descend from Perses). Habits and traditions, often taken as indicia of national feeling, could be thought of as clues of ancient migrations (so the Trojans became Maxyes in Lybia: 4.191). Even language might not help in justifying ethnic relationships: for instance, the Greeks living in the Scythian Gelonus spoke a mixed language (4.108). These few case studies may shed a different light on the classical definition of Greekness (to hellenikon) in terms of blood, language, cults, and habits, all given by Herodotus (8.144). Far from being a valid label for all the Greeks of the fifth century, this statement owes much to a specific variety of the language of kinship diplomacy. The final section argues for the opportunity to avoid the later and misleading idea of nation when studying Herodotus and the age of the Persian Wars, which are instead characterized by various and contrasting strategies. Greek groups and ethne can be better described as networks of lightly defined communities.

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