scholarly journals Cellular crowding influences extrusion and proliferation to facilitate epithelial tissue repair

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (16) ◽  
pp. 1890-1899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovany J. Franco ◽  
Youmna Atieh ◽  
Chase D. Bryan ◽  
Kristen M. Kwan ◽  
George T. Eisenhoffer
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Wound Closure ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Confocal Imaging ◽  
Epithelial Tissue ◽  
Directed Cell Migration ◽  
Epithelial Wound Healing ◽  
Cellular Behaviors ◽  
And Function

Epithelial wound healing requires a complex orchestration of cellular rearrangements and movements to restore tissue architecture and function after injury. While it is well known that mechanical forces can affect tissue morphogenesis and patterning, how the biophysical cues generated after injury influence cellular behaviors during tissue repair is not well understood. Using time-lapse confocal imaging of epithelial tissues in living zebrafish larvae, we provide evidence that localized increases in cellular crowding during wound closure promote the extrusion of nonapoptotic cells via mechanically regulated stretch-activated ion channels (SACs). Directed cell migration toward the injury site promoted rapid changes in cell number and generated shifts in tension at cellular interfaces over long spatial distances. Perturbation of SAC activity resulted in failed extrusion and increased proliferation in crowded areas of the tissue. Together, we conclude that localized cell number plays a key role in dictating cellular behaviors that facilitate wound closure and tissue repair.

scholarly journals Cellular Crowding Influences Extrusion and Proliferation to Facilitate Epithelial Tissue Repair

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovany Franco ◽  
Youmna Atieh ◽  
Chase D. Bryan ◽  
Kristen M. Kwan ◽  
George T. Eisenhoffer
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Wound Closure ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Confocal Imaging ◽  
Epithelial Tissue ◽  
Directed Cell Migration ◽  
Epithelial Wound Healing ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Cellular Behaviors ◽  
And Function

AbstractEpithelial wound healing requires a complex orchestration of cellular rearrangements and movements to restore tissue architecture and function after injury. While it is well-known that mechanical forces can affect tissue morphogenesis and patterning, how the biophysical cues generated after injury influence cellular behaviors during tissue repair is not well understood. Using time-lapsed confocal imaging of epithelial tissues in living zebrafish larvae, we provide evidence that localized increases in cellular crowding during wound closure promote the extrusion of non-apoptotic cells via mechanically regulated stretch-activated ion channels (SACs). Directed cell migration toward the injury site promoted the rapid changes in cell number and generated shifts in tension at cellular interfaces over long spatial distances. Perturbation of SAC activity resulted in failed extrusion and increased proliferation in crowded areas of the tissue. Together, we conclude that localized cell number plays a key role in dictating cellular behaviors that facilitate wound closure and tissue repair.

scholarly journals Fibronectin-Based Nanomechanical Biosensors to Map 3D Strains in Live Cells and Tissues

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Shiwarski ◽  
Joshua W. Tashman ◽  
Alkiviadis Tsamis ◽  
Jacqueline M. Bliley ◽  
Malachi A. Blundon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Confocal Imaging ◽  
Square Lattice ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Function ◽  
Analysis Platform

AbstractMechanical forces are integral to a wide range of cellular processes including migration, differentiation and tissue morphogenesis; however, it has proved challenging to directly measure strain at high spatial resolution and with minimal tissue perturbation. Here, we fabricated, calibrated, and tested a fibronectin (FN)-based nanomechanical biosensor (NMBS) that can be applied to cells and tissues to measure the magnitude, direction, and dynamics of strain from subcellular to tissue length-scales. The NMBS is a fluorescently-labeled, ultrathin square lattice FN mesh with spatial resolution tailored by adjusting the width and spacing of the lattice fibers from 2-100 µm. Time-lapse 3D confocal imaging of the NMBS demonstrated strain tracking in 2D and 3D following mechanical deformation of known materials and was validated with finite element modeling. Imaging and 3D analysis of the NMBS applied to single cells, cell monolayers, and Drosophila ovarioles demonstrated the ability to dynamically track microscopic tensile and compressive strains in various biological applications with minimal tissue perturbation. This fabrication and analysis platform serves as a novel tool for studying cells, tissues, and more complex systems where forces guide structure and function.

scholarly journals Control of dynamic cell behaviors during angiogenesis and anastomosis by Rasip 1

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minkyoung Lee ◽  
Charles Betz ◽  
Ilkka Paatero ◽  
Niels Schellinx ◽  
Jianmin Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Lapse ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Cell Behaviors ◽  
Sprouting Angiogenesis ◽  
Phenotype Analysis ◽  
Membrane Compartment ◽  
Dynamic Cell ◽  
Cellular Behaviors ◽  
And Function

AbstractOrgan morphogenesis is driven by a wealth of tightly orchestrated cellular behaviors, which ensure proper organ assembly and function. Many of these cell activities involve cell-cell interactions and remodeling of the F-actin cytoskeleton. Here, we analyze the requirement for Rasip1 (Ras-interacting protein 1), an endothelial-specific regulator of junctional dynamics, during blood vessel formation. Phenotype analysis of rasip1 mutants in zebrafish embryos reveal distinct requirements for Rasip1 during sprouting angiogenesis, vascular anastomosis and lumen formation. During angiogenic sprouting, Rasip1 is required for efficient cell pairing, which is essential for multicellular tube formation. High-resolution time-lapse analyses show that these cell pairing defects are caused by a destabilization of tricellular junctions suggesting that tri-cellular junctions may serve as a counterfort to tether sprouting endothelial cells during morphogenetic cell rearrangements. During anastomosis, Rasip1 is required to establish a stable apical membrane compartment; rasip1 mutants display ectopic, reticulated junctions and the apical compartment is frequently collapsed. Loss of Ccm1 and Heg1 function leads to junctional defects similar to those seen in rasip1 mutants. Analysis of radil-b single and rasip1/radil-b double mutants reveal distinct and overlapping functions of both proteins. While Rasip1 and Radil-b have similar functions during angiogenic sprouting, the junction formation during anastomosis may primarily depend on Rasip1.

scholarly journals Fibronectin-based nanomechanical biosensors to map 3D surface strains in live cells and tissue

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Shiwarski ◽  
Joshua W. Tashman ◽  
Alkiviadis Tsamis ◽  
Jaci M. Bliley ◽  
Malachi A. Blundon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Confocal Imaging ◽  
Surface Strain ◽  
Cellular Migration ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
3D Surface ◽  
Modeling Analysis ◽  
And Function

AbstractMechanical forces are integral to cellular migration, differentiation and tissue morphogenesis; however, it has proved challenging to directly measure strain at high spatial resolution with minimal perturbation in living sytems. Here, we fabricate, calibrate, and test a fibronectin (FN)-based nanomechanical biosensor (NMBS) that can be applied to the surface of cells and tissues to measure the magnitude, direction, and strain dynamics from subcellular to tissue length-scales. The NMBS is a fluorescently-labeled, ultra-thin FN lattice-mesh with spatial resolution tailored by adjusting the width and spacing of the lattice from 2–100 µm. Time-lapse 3D confocal imaging of the NMBS demonstrates 2D and 3D surface strain tracking during mechanical deformation of known materials and is validated with finite element modeling. Analysis of the NMBS applied to single cells, cell monolayers, and Drosophila ovarioles highlights the NMBS’s ability to dynamically track microscopic tensile and compressive strains across diverse biological systems where forces guide structure and function.

scholarly journals Repair cell first, then regenerate the tissues and organs

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Bing Fu
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Severe Trauma ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Basic Process ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
Healing Tissue ◽  
Organ Repair ◽  
And Function

AbstractWound healing, tissue repair and regenerative medicine are in great demand, and great achievements in these fields have been made. The traditional strategy of tissue repair and regeneration has focused on the level of tissues and organs directly; however, the basic process of repair at the cell level is often neglected. Because the cell is the basic unit of organism structure and function; cell damage is caused first by ischemia or ischemia-reperfusion after severe trauma and injury. Then, damage to tissues and organs occurs with massive cell damage, apoptosis and even cell death. Thus, how to achieve the aim of perfect repair and regeneration? The basic process of tissue or organ repair and regeneration should involve repair of cells first, then tissues and organs. In this manuscript, it is my consideration about how to repair the cell first, then regenerate the tissues and organs.

scholarly journals A role for the fusogen eff-1 in epidermal stem cell number robustness in Caenorhabditis elegans

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sneha L. Koneru ◽  
Fu Xiang Quah ◽  
Ritobrata Ghose ◽  
Mark Hintze ◽  
Nicola Gritti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Seam Cell ◽  
Neuronal Tissues

AbstractDevelopmental patterning in Caenorhabditis elegans is known to proceed in a highly stereotypical manner, which raises the question of how developmental robustness is achieved despite the inevitable stochastic noise. We focus here on a population of epidermal cells, the seam cells, which show stem cell-like behaviour and divide symmetrically and asymmetrically over post-embryonic development to generate epidermal and neuronal tissues. We have conducted a mutagenesis screen to identify mutants that introduce phenotypic variability in the normally invariant seam cell population. We report here that a null mutation in the fusogen eff-1 increases seam cell number variability. Using time-lapse microscopy and single molecule fluorescence hybridisation, we find that seam cell division and differentiation patterns are mostly unperturbed in eff-1 mutants, indicating that cell fusion is uncoupled from the cell differentiation programme. Nevertheless, seam cell losses due to the inappropriate differentiation of both daughter cells following division, as well as seam cell gains through symmetric divisions towards the seam cell fate were observed at low frequency. We show that these stochastic errors likely arise through accumulation of defects interrupting the continuity of the seam and changing seam cell shape, highlighting the role of tissue homeostasis in suppressing phenotypic variability during development.

scholarly journals The Cross-Talk between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Immune Cells in Tissue Repair and Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2472
Author(s):  
Carl Randall Harrell ◽  
Valentin Djonov ◽  
Vladislav Volarevic
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Function

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self-renewable, rapidly proliferating, multipotent stem cells which reside in almost all post-natal tissues. MSCs possess potent immunoregulatory properties and, in juxtacrine and paracrine manner, modulate phenotype and function of all immune cells that participate in tissue repair and regeneration. Additionally, MSCs produce various pro-angiogenic factors and promote neo-vascularization in healing tissues, contributing to their enhanced repair and regeneration. In this review article, we summarized current knowledge about molecular mechanisms that regulate the crosstalk between MSCs and immune cells in tissue repair and regeneration.

Ex vivo time-lapse confocal imaging of the mouse embryo aorta

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 1792-1805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Charles Boisset ◽  
Charlotte Andrieu-Soler ◽  
Wiggert A van Cappellen ◽  
Thomas Clapes ◽  
Catherine Robin
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Confocal Imaging

scholarly journals Viability and Functional Activity of Cryopreserved Mononuclear Cells

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 714-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Weinberg ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Darby Brown ◽  
Alejo Erice ◽  
Bruce Polsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
And Function ◽  
Functional Analyses ◽  
Cd4 Cell

ABSTRACT Factors that influence viability and function of cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were identified on 54 samples from 27 AIDS Clinical Trial Units. PBMC viability ranged from 1 to 96% with a median of 70%, was higher in laboratories with experienced staff, and was not significantly associated with CD4 cell number. Function of cryopreserved PBMC, measured by lymphocyte proliferation, was associated with viability. Preparations with viability greater than or equal to 70% had consistent proliferative responses and were suitable for functional analyses.

#86 Effects of acute laboratory stress and relaxation on natural killer cell number and function in chronically stressed people

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. e45-e46
Author(s):  
Sharon L. Lewis ◽  
Paula H. Blackwell ◽  
Jennifer M. Kretzschmar ◽  
Peter N. Bonner
Keyword(s):  
Natural Killer Cell ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Natural Killer Cell Number ◽  
And Function ◽  
Laboratory Stress
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