Subjective Social Status and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers by Intersectionality of Race/Ethnicity and Sex Among U.S. Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda C McClain ◽  
Linda C Gallo ◽  
Josiemer Mattei
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Subjective Social Status ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Markers ◽  
Hispanic White

Abstract Background Subjective social status (SSS) has shown inverse relationships with cardiometabolic risk, but intersectionalities of race/ethnicity and sex may indicate more nuanced relationships. Purpose To investigate associations of SSS with cardiometabolic risk markers by race/ethnicity and sex. Methods Data were from Wave IV (2008) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 4,847; 24–32 years), which collected biological cardiometabolic risk markers. A 10-step ladder captured SSS; respondents indicated on which step they perceived they stood in relation to other people in the U.S. higher values indicated higher SSS (range: 1–10). We tested the relationship between SSS and individual markers using generalized least square means linear regression models, testing three-way interactions between SSS, race/ethnicity, and sex (p < .10) before stratification. Results SSS–race/ethnicity–sex interactions were significantly associated with waist circumference (p ≤ .0001), body mass index (BMI; p ≤ .0001), systolic blood pressure (SBP; p ≤ .0001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP; p = .0004), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; p = .07). SSS was associated with waist circumference (β [SE]: −1.2 (0.4), p < .05) and BMI (−0.6 [0.2], p < .01) for non-Hispanic White females, compared with males; with HDL-C among non-Hispanic White (0.2 [0.1]; p < .05) and Hispanic (0.3 (0.1); p < .05) females, compared with males; with SBP for non-Hispanic Asian (1.7 [0.8]; p < .05) and Multiracial (1.8 [0.8]; p < .05), versus White, females; and with DBP for non-Hispanic Black (0.8 [0.3]; p < .01), versus White, males. Conclusions SSS was differentially related to cardiometabolic risk markers by race/ethnicity and sex, suggesting intersectional aspects. Clinical and research applications of SSS should consider race/ethnicity- and sex-specific pathways influencing cardiometabolic risk.

scholarly journals Subjective social status and cardiometabolic risk markers in young adults

2022 ◽  
pp. 105666
Author(s):  
Mia Klinkvort Kempel ◽  
Trine Nøhr Winding ◽  
Morten Böttcher ◽  
Johan Hviid Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Subjective Social Status ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

scholarly journals Relative Weight Gain Through Age 4 Years Is Associated with Increased Adiposity, and Higher Blood Pressure and Insulinemia at 4–5 Years of Age in Mexican Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 148 (7) ◽  
pp. 1135-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivonne Ramirez-Silva ◽  
Juan A Rivera ◽  
Belem Trejo-Valdivia ◽  
Aryeh D Stein ◽  
Reynaldo Martorell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Mexican Children ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

AbstractBackgroundRapid early weight gain has been associated with increased risk of obesity and cardiometabolic alterations, but evidence in low and middle-income countries is inconclusive.ObjectiveWe evaluated the relation between relative weight gain from 1 to 48 mo with adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors at 4–5 y of age, and determined if adiposity is a mediator for cardiometabolic alterations.MethodsWe studied 428 Mexican children with anthropometric and blood pressure (BP) information from birth to 5 y of age from POSGRAD (Prenatal Omega-3 fatty acid Supplementation and child GRowth And Development), of whom 334 provided measures of adiposity and cardiometabolic risk markers at 4 y. We estimated relative weight gain by means of conditional weight-for-height z scores for the age intervals 1–6, 6–12, 12–24, and 24–48 mo. Associations between relative weight gain and adiposity and cardiometabolic risk markers (lipid profile, triglycerides, insulin, glucose, and BP) were analyzed by multivariate multiple linear models and path analysis.ResultsA 1-unit increase in conditional weight-for-height z score within each age interval was positively associated with adiposity at 5 y, with coefficients of 0.43–0.89 for body mass index (BMI) z score, 1.08–3.65 mm for sum of skinfolds, and 1.21–3.87 cm for abdominal circumference (all P < 0.01). Positive associations were documented from ages 6 to 48 mo with systolic BP (coefficient ranges: 1.19–1.78 mm Hg; all P < 0.05) and from ages 12 to 48 mo with diastolic BP (1.28–0.94 mm Hg; P < 0.05) at 5 y. Conditional weight-for-height z scores at 12–24 and 24–48 mo of age were more strongly associated with adiposity and BP relative to younger ages. A unit increase in conditional weight-for-height z scores from 12 to 24 mo was associated with 14% higher insulin levels (P < 0.05) at 4 y. Path analyses documented that the associations of conditional weight gain with BP were mediated by BMI and sum of skinfolds.ConclusionRelative weight gain at most periods during the first 4 y of life was associated with greater adiposity and higher systolic and diastolic BP at 5 y. These associations with BP were mediated by adiposity. Relative weight gain from 12 to 24 mo was associated with increased serum insulin concentrations at 4 y, but there were no associations with lipid profiles or glucose concentration.

scholarly journals Long sedentary time is associated with worsened cardiometabolic risk markers among working adults in Eastern Ethiopia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aboma Motuma ◽  
Tesfaye Gobena ◽  
Kedir Teji Roba ◽  
Yemane Berhane ◽  
Alemayehu Worku
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

Abstract This study aimed to examine the associations of sedentary time and cardiometabolic risk markers among working adults in Eastern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,200 participants. Data were collected using the World Health Organization NCD STEPS survey instrument, and the sedentary behavior questionnaire. The biochemical parameters were analyzed by using the Mindray BS-200 chemistry analyzer. STATA version 16.1 software was used for analysis. The associations between sedentary time and cardiometabolic risk markers controlling confounders were examined using linear regression models. An adjusted coefficient (β) with the 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to report the results. P-value < 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. One hour per day increases in total sedentary time increases the average body mass index (β = 0.61kg/m2: 95% CI: 0.49, 0.71), waist circumference (β = 1.48cm: 95% CI:1.14-1.82), diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.87mmHg: 95% CI: 0.56-1.18), systolic blood pressure (β = 0.95mmHg: 95% CI: 0.45, 1.48), triglycerides (β = 7.07mg/dl: 95% CI: 4.01-10.14), total cholesterol (β = 3.52mg/dl: 95% CI: 2.02-5.02), fasting plasma glucose (β = 4.15mg/dl: 95% CI: 5.31-4.98) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = 2.14mg/dl: 95% CI: 0.96-3.33). Long sedentary time is significantly associated with cardiometabolic risk markers. Interventions to reduce sedentary time to decreasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases among working adults.

scholarly journals Vitamin D status and cardiometabolic risk markers in young Swedish children: a double-blind randomized clinical trial comparing different doses of vitamin D supplements

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-786
Author(s):  
Inger Öhlund ◽  
Torbjörn Lind ◽  
Olle Hernell ◽  
Sven-Arne Silfverdal ◽  
Per Liv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Markers ◽  
Different Doses

ABSTRACT Background Observational studies have linked low vitamin D status to unfavorable cardiometabolic risk markers, but double-blinded vitamin D intervention studies in children are scarce. Objectives The aim was to evaluate the effect of different doses of a vitamin D supplement on cardiometabolic risk markers in young healthy Swedish children with fair and dark skin. Methods Cardiometabolic risk markers were analyzed as secondary outcomes of a double-blind, randomized, milk-based vitamin D intervention trial conducted during late fall and winter in 2 areas of Sweden (latitude 63°N and 55°N, respectively) in both fair- and dark-skinned 5- to 7-y-old children. During the 3-mo intervention, 206 children were randomly assigned to a daily milk-based vitamin D3 supplement of either 10 or 25 µg or placebo (2 µg; only at 55°N). Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, apoA-I, apoB, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were analyzed and non–HDL cholesterol calculated at baseline and after the intervention. Results At baseline, serum 25(OH)D was negatively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (β = −0.194; 95% CI: −0.153, −0.013; and β = −0.187; 95% CI: −0.150, −0.011, respectively). At follow-up, there was no statistically significant difference in any of the cardiometabolic markers between groups. Conclusions We could not confirm any effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum lipids, blood pressure, or CRP in healthy 5- to 7-y-old children. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01741324).

scholarly journals Effects of Berry Anthocyanins on Cognitive Performance, Vascular Function and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers: A Systematic Review of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Intervention Studies in Humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6482
Author(s):  
Sanne Ahles ◽  
Peter J. Joris ◽  
Jogchum Plat
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Markers ◽  
Berry Anthocyanins

Supplementation with anthocyanins, which are a type of flavonoids mainly found in various berries, is hypothesized to be a promising approach to lower the risk of developing cognitive decline. The aim of this systematic review was to provide a comprehensive overview of dietary intervention trials describing effects of berry anthocyanins on cognitive performance in humans, while also addressing potential underlying mechanisms. A total of 1197 articles were identified through a systematic search, and 49 studies reporting effects on cognitive performance (n = 18), vascular function (n = 22), or cardiometabolic risk markers (n = 32) were included. Significant improvements were observed on memory, while some of the studies also reported effects on attention and psychomotor speed or executive function. Vascular function markers such as brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation were also affected and consistent evidence was provided for the beneficial effects of berry anthocyanins on endothelial function. Finally, studies reported improvements in blood pressure, but effects on metabolic risk markers (e.g. carbohydrate and lipid metabolism) were less consistent. In conclusion, this review provides evidence for the beneficial effects of berry anthocyanins on cognitive performance as memory improved. Whether observed anthocyanin-induced improvements in vascular function and blood pressure underlie beneficial effects on cognitive performance warrants further study.

scholarly journals Weight Change and Its Association with Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Overweight and Obese Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Liyana Ahmad Zamri ◽  
Geeta Appannah ◽  
Siti Yazmin Zahari Sham ◽  
Fazliana Mansor ◽  
Rashidah Ambak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

Introduction. The effect of weight loss magnitude on cardiometabolic risk markers has been sparsely studied, particularly among overweight and obese women from low socioeconomic areas. Objectives. To examine the association of weight loss magnitude with changes in cardiometabolic risk markers in overweight and obese women from low socioeconomic areas engaged in a lifestyle intervention. Methods. Analyses were performed on 243 women (mean body mass index 31.27 ± 4.14 kg/m2) who completed a 12-month lifestyle intervention in low socioeconomic communities in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare changes of cardiometabolic risk factors across weight change categories (2% gain, ±2% maintain, >2 to <5% loss, and 5 to 20% loss) within intervention and control group. Results. A graded association for changes in waist circumference, fasting insulin, and total cholesterol (p=0.002, for all variables) across the weight change categories were observed within the intervention group at six months postintervention. Participants who lost 5 to 20% of weight had the greatest improvements in those risk markers (−5.67 cm CI: −7.98 to −3.36, −4.27 μU/mL CI: −7.35, −1.19, and −0.59 mmol/L CI: −.99, −0.19, respectively) compared to those who did not. Those who lost >2% to <5% weight reduced more waist circumference (−4.24 cm CI: −5.44 to −3.04) and fasting insulin (−0.36 μU/mL CI: −1.95 to 1.24) than those who maintained or gained weight. No significant association was detected in changes of risk markers across the weight change categories within the control group except for waist circumference and adiponectin. Conclusion. Weight loss of >2 to <5% obtained through lifestyle intervention may represent a reasonable initial weight loss target for women in the low socioeconomic community as it led to improvements in selected risk markers, particularly of diabetes risk.

Abstract 3551: Waist Circumference, Body Mass Index, and Their Association with Cardiometabolic and Global Risk Among Whites and Racial/Ethnic Minorities

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison H Christian ◽  
Lori Mosca
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Hs Crp

Purpose : To determine if waist circumference (WC) or body mass index (BMI) is more strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors among family members of patients hospitalized for cardiac disease, overall and by race/ethnicity. Methods : Participants in the NHLBI F amily I ntervention T rial for Heart Health ( F.I.T. Heart ) were included in this analysis (n=472; mean age 48±14 years, 67% female, 36% non-white). Height, weight, WC, BMI, blood pressure, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, and c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were systematically measured in all participants. Global risk was calculated using the Framingham function. Results : The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors and their association with WC and BMI is shown in Table 1 . The most common correlate of increased WC and BMI was elevated hs-CRP. Overall, increased WC was the strongest correlate of glucose≥100 and hs-CRP≥3.0. BMI≥25 was the strongest predictor of blood pressure≥140/90, low HDL, triglycerides≥150, and global risk≥10%. Among non-whites, increased WC did not identify those with blood pressure≥140/90, glucose≥100 or global risk≥10% and BMI≥25 did not identify those with low HDL or glucose≥100. There was a significant interaction between race/ethnicity and increased BMI in predicting low HDL (p<0.01), with a stronger correlation in whites than non-whites. Conclusions : The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors and their correlation with WC and BMI varies by race/ethnicity. Our data support inclusion of both WC and BMI in screening guidelines for diverse populations to identify individuals at increased cardiometabolic and global risk. Table 1. Prevalence of and Association between Indices of Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk

scholarly journals Urbanisation, nutrition transition and cardiometabolic risk: the Benin study

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (10) ◽  
pp. 1534-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Delisle ◽  
Gervais Ntandou-Bouzitou ◽  
Victoire Agueh ◽  
Roger Sodjinou ◽  
Benjamin Fayomi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Large City ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

A rising prevalence of CVD and diabetes has been observed in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in cities. The aim of the present study conducted in Benin was to examine the mediating role of nutrition transition in the relationship of urbanisation level and socio-economic status (SES) to cardiometabolic risk markers. A total of 541 subjects in apparent good health were randomly selected from the main city of Cotonou, a small town and its surrounding rural areas. SES was assessed based on a proxy for income and on education. Dietary intake and physical activity were assessed with at least two non-consecutive 24 h recalls. Scores for micronutrient adequacy and preventive diet were used as indicators of diet quality. Cardiometabolic risk markers were BMI, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, serum cholesterol and insulin resistance according to homeostasis model assessment. A more advanced stage of nutrition transition, which correlated with lower diet quality scores and less physical activity, was observed in the large city compared with less urbanised locations. More obesity and more adverse cholesterol profiles, but also lower blood pressure, were present in the large city. Urbanisation, income, sedentary lifestyle and alcohol consumption, but not diet quality, independently contributed to higher BMI and WC. Higher micronutrient adequacy was independently associated with a better cholesterol profile. The study confirmed the positive rural–urban gradient in nutrition transition and cardiometabolic risk, except for blood pressure. This risk could be mitigated by a more adequate diet, particularly micronutrient intake, and a more active lifestyle.

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