Structuring the Global Organization

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabi S. Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
Global Scale ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Organizational Boundaries ◽  
Global Networks ◽  
Global Organizations ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
Global Organization ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Strategic Role

To implement their strategies on a global scale, global organizations must design appropriate structures that take into account the demands and complexities of their changing environments, such as the diversity of offerings/businesses as a function of the geographical region in which the firm operates. The strategic role of subsidiaries and how they integrate into the overall system have changed and should be considered in the design of the firm—especially the kind of flexibility needed in managing vertical and lateral flows of information as well as integration of various functions. This chapter discusses three different types of design: decentralized federation, coordinated federation, and centralized hub in terms of their significance in accomplishing flexibility, national responsiveness, and the need for global integration. One significant development is the use of global networks and international teams composed of technically competent people who are dispersed across spatial, temporal, cultural, and organizational boundaries.

Innovatory role of nanomaterials as bio-tools for treatment of cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khuram Shahzad Ahmad ◽  
Muntaha Talat ◽  
Shaan Bibi Jaffri ◽  
Neelofer Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cancerous Cells

AbstractConventional treatment modes like chemotherapy, thermal and radiations aimed at cancerous cells eradication are marked by destruction pointing the employment of nanomaterials as sustainable and auspicious materials for saving human lives. Cancer has been deemed as the second leading cause of death on a global scale. Nanomaterials employment in cancer treatment is based on the utilization of their inherent physicochemical characteristics in addition to their modification for using as nano-carriers and nano-vehicles eluted with anti-cancer drugs. Current work has reviewed the significant role of different types of nanomaterials in cancer therapeutics and diagnostics in a systematic way. Compilation of review has been done by analyzing voluminous investigations employing ERIC, MEDLINE, NHS Evidence and Web of Science databases. Search engines used were Google scholar, Jstore and PubMed. Current review is suggestive of the remarkable performance of nanomaterials making them candidates for cancer treatment for substitution of destructive treatment modes through investigation of their physicochemical characteristics, utilization outputs and long term impacts in patients.

scholarly journals The digital ecosystem: The new politics of party organization in parliamentary democracies

2020 ◽  
pp. 135406882090766
Author(s):  
Katharine Dommett ◽  
Glenn Kefford ◽  
Sam Power
Keyword(s):  
Party Organization ◽  
Organizational Boundaries ◽  
Parliamentary Democracies ◽  
New Politics ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Digital Ecosystem ◽  
Different Types ◽  
External Actors

Since at least the 1980s, scholars have highlighted parties’ reliance on external actors, with Panebianco’s ‘electoral–professional’ party model spotlighting the increasing role of professionals in supporting party activities and campaigns. Over successive decades, our understanding of the role of external actors, and particularly consultants, has grown. As parties have begun to embrace digital tools and technologies, however, it has become apparent that our understanding of party organization does not reflect the array of actors who support party activities. In this article, we draw on extensive interview data from Australia and the United Kingdom to offer a new conceptual framework – that we call the ‘party-centred digital ecosystem’ – to highlight the functions that different types of external actor provide for parties. Introducing the classification of CLANS to describe these different actors, we discuss the significance of this trend, highlighting the potential for increasingly porous organizational boundaries as parties call on different types of external actor for support.

Cultural Variations and the Global Organization

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabi S. Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Sensitivity ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Global Organizations ◽  
Cultural Variations ◽  
Global Organization

Cultural variations present significant challenges for managers, customers, and clients of global organizations. Cultures of the nations are enduring differences that have evolved for centuries and do not change easily. Without adequate consideration of cultural variations, the effective functioning of global organizations is nearly impossible. The classification of cultures on a national scale that is based on careful analysis should provide the context for expanding the operations of global organizations across nations. Some cultures function more effectively by taking into account the role of relationships, whereas others are more governed by rules and regulations that have existed for centuries. Working across these two distinct types of cultures is considerably difficult. This chapter discusses various strategies for dealing with such cultural differences. The topics of cultural intelligence, cultural sensitivity, cultural competence, and cultural distance among nations are presented.

The struggle for Eurasia in the focus of transport geostrategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliya Harlamova
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Region ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Transport Project ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
State And Society ◽  
International Transport

The monograph examines the problems that play an important role in the processes of constructing transport geostrategies on the Eurasian continent. In the processes of redrawing the world's spaces, the transport sphere (along with financial and information) often acts as a catalyst for modern transformations. It is emphasized that thanks to transport networks, the economy on a global scale is structured in a completely specific way. To increase the potential of any state and society (the peoples living in it), the creation of conditions for communication community (in the broadest sense) is an integral component of its sustainability. The thesis is proved that the direction of the flow of many global integration or disintegration processes corresponding to the new world conditions depends on the reliable and fast operation of transport communications. Special attention is paid to the concept of the modern Chinese state "One Belt , One Road", which the Chinese elite actively promotes in the external space. Some aspects of the economic and transport development of the Arctic region in the context of the functioning of the Northern Sea Route are considered. Due attention is paid to the special role of Central Asia in the context of these problems, as well as the implementation of the international transport project "North - South". For students and teachers, as well as for anyone interested in economics and politics.

scholarly journals Pollen Pollution Strategy of Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-28
Author(s):  
V. Kobzar
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
World Population ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Physicochemical Processes ◽  
Allergenic Plants ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types

It is known that 30–40% of people in the world population are sensitized to pollen. This phenomenon is exacerbated in contaminated and urbanized areas. Wormwood is one of the main herbaceous allergenic plants, and its pollen is among the ten global aeroallergens. An allergy to it is a common phenomenon on a global scale. The role of pollen the etiology of pollinosis is usually in tandem with wormwood pollen established in Russia, Central Asia and Kazakhstan, Europe and America. The purpose of this article was to develop a pollen strategy for wormwood and pollen as the leading aeroallergen and assessment of their standardized contribution to the aerobiological situation. The SEM images of the studied pollen of wormwood do not show pronounced changes in the structure and sculpture, since it is tolerant to the effects of pollutants. Different types of deformation and modification of sculptural elements were revealed in pollen from the haze family, since their pollen selectively reacts to various pollutants. The strategy for pollen from wormwood and haze pollen is that, due to its strong, prickly exine, and lipophilicity, weed pollen is a very good biological accumulator of all types of gaseous or solid pollutants. In general, this accumulation depends on the physicochemical processes at the surface or cytoplasmic level, independent of the physiological state of pollen. Many biological agents, such as bacteria and fungal spores, can accumulate on the surface layer of the pollen shell and be used for bioindication.

The struggle for Eurasia in the focus of transport geostrategies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Юлия Харламова ◽  
Yulia Kharlamova
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Region ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Transport Project ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
State And Society ◽  
International Transport

The monograph examines the problems that play an important role in the processes of construction of transport geostrategies on the Eurasian continent. In the process of redrawing world spaces, the transport sphere (along with financial and information) often acts as a catalyst for modern transformations. It is emphasized that thanks to transport networks, the economy on a global scale is structured in a very specific way. To increase the potential of any state and society (the peoples living in it), the creation of conditions of communication community (in the broadest sense) is an integral component of its sustainability. The thesis is proved that the direction of flow of many global integration or disintegration processes corresponding to the new world conditions depends on reliable and fast operation of transport communications. Special attention is paid to the concept of the modern Chinese state "one belt - one road", which the Chinese elite actively promotes in the external space. Some aspects of economic and transport development of the Arctic region in the context of the functioning of the Northern sea route are considered. Due attention is paid to the special role of Central Asia in the context of these problems, as well as the implementation of the international transport project "North-South". For students and teachers, as well as for all those interested in Economics and politics.

scholarly journals Middle Managers’ Strategic Role in the Corporate Entrepreneurial Process: Attention-Based Effects

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1586-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte R. Ren ◽  
Chao Guo
Keyword(s):  
Middle Managers ◽  
Strategic Orientation ◽  
Top Management ◽  
Entrepreneurial Process ◽  
Slack Resources ◽  
Entrepreneurial Opportunities ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Policy Windows

This article examines the strategic role of middle managers in the corporate entrepreneurial process from an attention-based perspective. By integrating literatures from multiple disciplines, the authors delineate the attention-based effects on how middle managers provide the impetus for different types of entrepreneurial opportunities (i.e., exploratory vs. exploitative initiatives). Specifically, middle managers, constrained by the attention structures of the firm, likely prescreen entrepreneurial opportunities from lower organizational levels and attend primarily to those that align with the strategic orientation of the firm. This tendency may be moderated by the presence of other players, middle managers’ structural positions, and the availability of slack resources. Moreover, in their efforts to sell initiatives to top management, middle managers may leverage “policy windows”—patterned regularities and irregularities in and around the organization—to exploit existing attention structures to their advantage or perhaps to dismantle those structures.

scholarly journals Transcultural Brokerage: The Role of Cosmopolitans in Bridging Structural and Cultural Holes

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orly Levy ◽  
Hyun-Jung Lee ◽  
Karsten Jonsen ◽  
Maury A. Peiperl
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Social Boundaries ◽  
Global Networks ◽  
Global Organizations ◽  
Cultural Engagement ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Global Systems ◽  
Cultural Embeddedness

The growth and proliferation of global systems and transnational cultures have generated larger and more diverse types of cosmopolitans, all of whom span conventional social boundaries. Understanding this diversity is increasingly important because cosmopolitans often bridge across a wide range of transnational and global networks within and across global organizations. Drawing on multiple disciplines, we conceptualize cosmopolitanism as an embodied disposition characterized by high levels of cultural transcendence and openness that are manifested in and enacted along varied trajectories of cultural embeddedness in one’s own culture and cultural engagement with the cultural Other. We then propose an analytical framework for the influence of cosmopolitan disposition on transcultural brokerage processes, specifically, on bridging structural and cultural holes. Finally, we present a typology of cosmopolitan brokers and their corresponding practices and activities as they engage in transcultural brokerage. By recognizing the diversity of cosmopolitans and their respective dispositions, we significantly expand the pool of “global talent” beyond the traditional focus on expatriates, and we challenge the conventional wisdom on who counts as talent in an interconnected world.

Global Mindset and the Global Organization

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabi S. Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Complexity ◽  
Global Mindset ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Global Organizations ◽  
Global Organization ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
Global Strategies

Global organizations must make continuous attempts to move and develop the mindsets of senior managers and others involved in global transactions from parochial and diffused ways of thinking to a global mindset. This chapter provides examples of organizations that encountered difficulty in expanding globally because they did not attempt to understand the importance of a global mindset in developing their global strategies and the various modes of expansion on a worldwide scale. The factors that develop a global mindset are discussed with special emphasis on the role of cognitive complexity, nonjudgmental thinking, and emphasis on universalistic versus particularistic modes of decision-making. The role of supportive networks of family and friends in the development of a global mindset is also presented. The chapter ends by presenting a discussion of how organizations can emphasize the paths of moving to a global mindset from a predominantly domestic one.

Potential Uses of Vinegar as a Medicine and Related in vivo Mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 127-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeshan Ali ◽  
Zhenbin Wang ◽  
Rai Muhammad Amir ◽  
Shoaib Younas ◽  
Asif Wali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Positive Effect

While the use of vinegar to fi ght against infections and other crucial conditions dates back to Hippocrates, recent research has found that vinegar consumption has a positive effect on biomarkers for diabetes, cancer, and heart diseases. Different types of vinegar have been used in the world during different time periods. Vinegar is produced by a fermentation process. Foods with a high content of carbohydrates are a good source of vinegar. Review of the results of different studies performed on vinegar components reveals that the daily use of these components has a healthy impact on the physiological and chemical structure of the human body. During the era of Hippocrates, people used vinegar as a medicine to treat wounds, which means that vinegar is one of the ancient foods used as folk medicine. The purpose of the current review paper is to provide a detailed summary of the outcome of previous studies emphasizing the role of vinegar in treatment of different diseases both in acute and chronic conditions, its in vivo mechanism and the active role of different bacteria.

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