Innovatory role of nanomaterials as bio-tools for treatment of cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khuram Shahzad Ahmad ◽  
Muntaha Talat ◽  
Shaan Bibi Jaffri ◽  
Neelofer Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cancerous Cells

AbstractConventional treatment modes like chemotherapy, thermal and radiations aimed at cancerous cells eradication are marked by destruction pointing the employment of nanomaterials as sustainable and auspicious materials for saving human lives. Cancer has been deemed as the second leading cause of death on a global scale. Nanomaterials employment in cancer treatment is based on the utilization of their inherent physicochemical characteristics in addition to their modification for using as nano-carriers and nano-vehicles eluted with anti-cancer drugs. Current work has reviewed the significant role of different types of nanomaterials in cancer therapeutics and diagnostics in a systematic way. Compilation of review has been done by analyzing voluminous investigations employing ERIC, MEDLINE, NHS Evidence and Web of Science databases. Search engines used were Google scholar, Jstore and PubMed. Current review is suggestive of the remarkable performance of nanomaterials making them candidates for cancer treatment for substitution of destructive treatment modes through investigation of their physicochemical characteristics, utilization outputs and long term impacts in patients.

Potential Uses of Vinegar as a Medicine and Related in vivo Mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 127-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeshan Ali ◽  
Zhenbin Wang ◽  
Rai Muhammad Amir ◽  
Shoaib Younas ◽  
Asif Wali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Positive Effect

While the use of vinegar to fi ght against infections and other crucial conditions dates back to Hippocrates, recent research has found that vinegar consumption has a positive effect on biomarkers for diabetes, cancer, and heart diseases. Different types of vinegar have been used in the world during different time periods. Vinegar is produced by a fermentation process. Foods with a high content of carbohydrates are a good source of vinegar. Review of the results of different studies performed on vinegar components reveals that the daily use of these components has a healthy impact on the physiological and chemical structure of the human body. During the era of Hippocrates, people used vinegar as a medicine to treat wounds, which means that vinegar is one of the ancient foods used as folk medicine. The purpose of the current review paper is to provide a detailed summary of the outcome of previous studies emphasizing the role of vinegar in treatment of different diseases both in acute and chronic conditions, its in vivo mechanism and the active role of different bacteria.

Animal Venoms have Potential to Treat Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (30) ◽  
pp. 2555-2566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhaswati Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Inhibition Of Proliferation ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Venomous Animals ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cancerous Cells ◽  
Animal Venoms ◽  
Proteins And Peptides

The resistance to chemotherapeutics by the cancerous cells has made its treatment more complicated. Animal venoms have emerged as an alternative strategy for anti-cancer therapeutics. Animal venoms are cocktails of complex bioactive chemicals mainly disulfide-rich proteins and peptides with diverse pharmacological actions. The components of venoms are specific, stable, and potent and have the ability to modify their molecular targets thus making them good therapeutics candidates. The isolation of cancer-specific components from animal venoms is one of the exciting strategies in anti-cancer research. This review highlights the identified venom peptides and proteins from different venomous animals like snakes, scorpions, spiders, bees, wasps, snails, toads, frogs and sea anemones and their anticancer activities including inhibition of proliferation of cancer cells, their invasion, cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis and the identification of involved signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Broken Worlds: Towards an Archaeology of the Shatter Zone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Raffield
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Trigger Factors ◽  
Eastern Woodlands ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
Historic Change

AbstractIn recent years, archaeological studies of long-term change and transformation in the human past have often been dominated by the discussion of dichotomous processes of ‘collapse’ and ‘resilience’. These discussions are frequently framed in relatively narrow terms dictated by specialist interests that place an emphasis on the role of single ‘trigger’ factors as motors for historic change. In order to address this issue, in this article I propose that the study of the ‘shatter zone’—a term with origins in physical geography and geopolitics that has been more recently harnessed in anthropological research—has the potential to facilitate multi-scalar, interdisciplinary analyses of the ways in which major historical changes unfold across both space and time, at local, regional, and inter-regional levels. This article unpacks the concept of the shatter zone and aligns this with existing archaeological frameworks for the study of long-term adaptive change. I then situate these arguments within the context of recent studies of colonial interaction and conflict in the Eastern Woodlands of North America during the sixteenth to eighteenth century. The study demonstrates how a more regulated approach to the shatter zone has the potential to yield new insights on the ways in which populations mitigate and react to instability and change while also facilitating comparative studies of these processes on a broader, global scale.

scholarly journals Long-Term Survivorship Care After Cancer Treatment: A New Emphasis on the Role of Rehabilitation Services

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L Stout ◽  
Julie K Silver ◽  
Catherine M Alfano ◽  
Kirsten K Ness ◽  
Laura S Gilchrist
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Rehabilitation Services ◽  
Survivorship Care ◽  
After Cancer

scholarly journals Bcl-2 Inhibition to Overcome Resistance to Chemo- and Immunotherapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilina García-Aranda ◽  
Elisabet Pérez-Ruiz ◽  
Maximino Redondo
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Apoptosis Resistance ◽  
Hallmarks Of Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. The identification of novel targets for cancer treatment is an area of intense work that has led Bcl-2 over-expression to be proposed as one of the hallmarks of cancer and Bcl-2 inhibition as a promising strategy for cancer treatment. In this review, we describe the different pathways related to programmed cell death, the role of Bcl-2 family members in apoptosis resistance to anti-cancer treatments, and the potential utility of Bcl-2 inhibitors to overcome resistance to chemo- and immunotherapy.

scholarly journals How are Kawaii (Cute) Fictional Characters Used in Japanese Advertising

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1 (39)) ◽  
pp. 55-78
Author(s):  
Oana-Maria BÎRLEA
Keyword(s):  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Fictional Characters ◽  
Japanese Company ◽  
The Public ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Government ◽  
Commercial Advertising

This article aims to explain the use and role of cute, adora- ble characters in Japanese advertising. Kawaii culture or the “culture of cute” has become known worldwide mainly because of Hello Kitty, the cat which led the “pink globalization”, as Yano (2013) states. In this paper we have attempted to reveal the symbolism of these apparent meaning- less cute signs and characters. Starting from Hofstede’s theory of cultural dimensions (2001, 2003, 2010), which shows how a society’s culture influ- ences the values of its members, we intended to show how are these kawaii characters used in Japanese advertising and how they fit cultural specif- ics. Used either in non-commercial, educational or commercial advertising, cute personae can make the target audience feel more comfortable, secure and cooperating (Murakami, 2005). In this paper we have discussed the role of three iconic characters: the emblematic Hello Kitty, Kumamon, the lovely bear created by the government of Kumamoto Prefecture (Japan) and Gudetama, a lazy egg yolk produced by the Japanese company Sanrio in 2014. The selected characters reflect different types and personalities and each of them serves a specific purpose, but via the analysis conveyed we conclude that perhaps their main aim is to persuade and create a long-term relationship with the public.

scholarly journals Formation of Stereotypes

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian Gilmour
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Cognitive Tools ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Diary Studies ◽  
Automatic Stereotyping ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Rapid Activation

The author of this paper explores the implications of automatic stereotyping in relation to social cognition drawing from the pre-existing literature. The current review is focused on how stereotypes are constructed, activated, maintained, and what cognitive tools are needed in order to change them. The construction of stereotypes is looked at in respect to the stereotype validity model, facial features, the mass media, and the influence society has on perpetuating stereotypes on a global scale. The neural correlates involved in the activation of stereotypes are discussed, including the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate, and anterior temporal cortex. The current review also includes ways in which cognitive processing can be slowed down to prevent the perpetuation of negative prejudices. Based on the review, future work is still required in the areas of longitudinal and diary studies that look into the long term consequences of the rapid activation and application of stereotypes.

scholarly journals Pancreatic α and β cells are globally phase-locked

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huixia Ren ◽  
Yanjun Li ◽  
Chengsheng Han ◽  
Yi Yu ◽  
Bowen Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Islet Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Phase Oscillators ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Oscillation Modes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Glucagon And Insulin ◽  
Different Cell Types

ABSTRACTThe Ca2+ modulated pulsatile secretions of glucagon and insulin by pancreatic α and β cells play a key role in glucose metabolism and homeostasis. However, how different types of islet cells couple and coordinate via paracrine interactions to produce various Ca2+ oscillation patterns are still elusive. By designing a microfluidic device to facilitate long-term recording of islet Ca2+ activity at single cell level and simultaneously identifying different cell types in live islet imaging, we show heterogeneous but intrinsic Ca2+ oscillation patterns of islets upon glucose stimulation. The α and β cells oscillate in antiphase and are globally phase locked to various phase delays, causing fast, slow or mixed oscillations. A mathematical model of coupled phase oscillators quantitatively agrees with experiments and reveals the essential role of paracrine regulations in tuning the oscillation modes. Our study highlights the importance of cell-cell interactions to generate stable but tunable islet oscillation patterns.

Synthesis, characterization and anti-cancer applications of ytterbium doped gadolinium molybdate nanophosphor compound

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 882-894
Author(s):  
Jahnavi Rama Madhuri Kamaraju ◽  
Raghavendra Rao Kanchi ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Borra ◽  
Padma Suvarna Reniguntla ◽  
Satyanarayana Rentala
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Mri Contrast Agents ◽  
Gadolinium Complexes ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Gadolinium Molybdate

Nanophosphor compounds with both diagnostic and therapeutic functions are potential for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Lanthanide complexes play a crucial role in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Gadolinium-complexes are commonly used as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents for cancer imaging. The role of a lanthanide, Ytterbium (Yb) in cancer treatment is not unknown. The present work focuses on finding the role of Yb when doped into Gadolinium complexes in cancer treatment. Our results demonstrate that Yb doped Gadolinium molybdate coated with biocompatible silica, effectively inhibited the viability of breast cancer cells after 24 and 48 h of treatment in in vitro, and in contrast the nanophosphor compounds did not affect the viability of healthy cells. Yb doped Gadolinium molybdate also up-regulated apoptotic genes in breast cancer cells. Hence we propose that Yb doped Gadolinium molybdate is a promising theranostic compound. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing anti-cancer nature of Ytterbium-doped into Gadolinium nanophosphors.

Cardiology consultation in oncology practice: a 5-year survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1419-1425
Author(s):  
Kazuko Tajiri ◽  
Ikuo Sekine ◽  
Hiroyuki Naito ◽  
Momoko Murata ◽  
Siqi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Oncology Practice ◽  
The University

Abstract Objective Onco-cardiology services are expanding rapidly in Japan. To provide a better service, it is important to consider the needs of oncologists. However, little is known regarding specific needs for which oncologists should consult cardiologists to manage cardiovascular problems of their patients. We analysed cardiology consultations sought by oncologists to evaluate the role of cardiologists in cancer treatment. Method We retrospectively investigated consecutive 2064 cardiology consultations of cancer patients in the University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan, between January 2014 and December 2018. Results The most common timing of cardiology consultation was before the commencement of cancer treatment (n = 1355; 65.7%), followed by after the commencement of cancer treatment (n = 686; 33.2%). Among the 361 consultations before the administration of anticancer drugs, 235 (65.1%) were for anthracycline-based regimens. There were 506 (24.5%) consultations for the management of cardiovascular emergencies developing after the commencement of cancer treatment; venous thromboembolism was the most frequent (n = 125; 24.7%), followed by atrial fibrillation (n = 110; 21.7%) and heart failure (n = 74; 14.6%). There were marked differences in the types of cardiovascular emergencies depending on the type of cancer. Conclusions This survey revealed the various cardiovascular problems for which oncologists sought interventions by cardiologists. A multidisciplinary approach in an onco-cardiology service is essential to achieve optimal long-term outcomes.

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