Cultural differences in neurocognitive processing of the self

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihui Han
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Culturally Specific ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Chapter 4 examines the difference in self-concept proposed by philosophers and psychologists in Western and East Asian cultures. It then introduces a dominant theoretical framework of cultural differences in self-concept that focuses on independence and interdependence in Western and East Asian cultures, respectively. It reviews behavioral and brain imaging findings that reveal cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying self-advantage during face recognition. It also examines the neural mechanisms related to self-reflection in Western and East Asian cultures by showing that the enhanced activity in the medial prefrontal cortex characterizes the independent self-construals, and the activity in the temporoparietal junction involved in self-reflection mediates the interdependent self-construals. It discusses the relationship between the neural roots of culturally specific self-concept and behavior.

Cultural differences in gift recipients’ attitude and behavior toward disliked gifts

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theeranuch Pusaksrikit ◽  
Sydney Chinchanachokchai
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Relationship Closeness ◽  
Marketing Segmentation ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of cultural differences and the types of relationship closeness involved in recipients’ emotional and behavioral reactions after receiving disliked gifts. Design/methodology/approach Collecting data from Thailand and the USA, two experiments were conducted in a 2 (self-construal: independent/interdependent) × 2 (relationship closeness: close/distant) between-subjects design. Study 1 explores the recipients’ feelings and reactions upon receipt of a disliked gift. Study 2 explores the disposition process for a disliked gift. Findings The results show that a recipient’s emotions, reaction and disposition process can be affected by cultural differences and relationship closeness: specifically that close and distant relationships moderate the relationship between self-construal and gift-receiving attitudes and behaviors. Research limitations/implications Future research can investigate representative groups from other countries to broaden the generalizability of the findings. Practical implications This understanding can guide gift-givers when selecting gifts for close or distant recipients across cultures. Additionally, it can help retailers develop and introduce new marketing strategies by applying self-construal as a marketing segmentation tool for gift purchase and disposition. Originality/value This research is among the first studies to offer insights into how individuals in different cultures manage disliked gifts they receive from people in either close or distant relationships.

scholarly journals Family Climate Patterns and Its Relationship with Self-Concept among Students at the University of Islamic Sciences in light of the Variables of Gender and Age

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Fatima Mohammad Rashed Al Talahin ◽  
Hana Khaled Al –Raqqad ◽  
Eman Saeed Al- Bourini ◽  
Bilal Adel Al-Kateeb
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Family Climate ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Climate Patterns ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study is to clarify the relationship between self-concept and patterns of family climate among students at the University of Islamic Sciences, and also aimed to investigate the effect of gender and age on this relationship.The sample of the study consisted of a group of students were selected randomly, totaling (139) students; (58) male and (81) female students.Two questionnaires were distributed on 139 students. The first questionnaire was on the impact of patterns of family climate on self-concept and the second one about self-concept. Then the researcher analyzed the results of each item in the questionnaire using appropriated statistical methods, calculated the correlation between self-concept and patterns of family climate using the Pearson correlation coefficient, and G-test to find the difference between correlation coefficients.The results showed a positive statistical significance relationship between family climate patterns on one hand and between self-concept in all its dimensions on the other hand.

Computer Mediated Collaboration

2009 ◽  
pp. 27-45
Author(s):  
Barrie Jo Price
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Engaged Learning ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Computer-mediated collaboration is examined through the lenses of societal change and the dynamic nature of technology. Trends and contributing factors are reviewed in the context of the difference between going to work and doing work and the implications for collaboration using technology to overcome distance and time. The demand to work in situations where propinquity does not define the relationship of information, resources, and managerial structure is reviewed. The confluence of social changes and new technologies is examined including the emergence of Web 2.0. Four themes are explored as subsets of computer-mediated collaboration: peer review, engaged learning, consensus building and self-reflection. Technology applications related to these themes are addressed. There is a brief section on the future in which emerging technologies are explored as they relate to computer-mediated collaboration, especially mobile devices and other technologies that represent a merger of existing tool sets.

Computer Mediated Collaboration

2011 ◽  
pp. 508-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barrie Jo Price
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Engaged Learning ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Computer-mediated collaboration is examined through the lenses of societal change and the dynamic nature of technology. Trends and contributing factors are reviewed in the context of the difference between going to work and doing work and the implications for collaboration using technology to overcome distance and time. The demand to work in situations where propinquity does not define the relationship of information, resources, and managerial structure is reviewed. The confluence of social changes and new technologies is examined including the emergence of Web 2.0. Four themes are explored as subsets of computer-mediated collaboration: peer review, engaged learning, consensus building and self-reflection. Technology applications related to these themes are addressed. There is a brief section on the future in which emerging technologies are explored as they relate to computer-mediated collaboration, especially mobile devices and other technologies that represent a merger of existing tool sets.

scholarly journals Building a Framework of Evaluating Human–Environment Relationships: Considering the Differences between Subjective Evaluations and Objective Assessments

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Wei Deng ◽  
Li Peng
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Subjective Evaluations ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Objective Basis ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

The human–environment relationship is bidirectional, meaning that human attitudes and behavior to nature are at the root of environmental change, while changes in the environment affect human attitudes and behavior. It is necessary to analyze the human–environment relationship from two aspects: (a) Whether there is a good objective basis for maintaining an environment, and (b) whether people report that they are satisfied with that environment. This study attempted to construct a framework to evaluate the human–environment relationship considering these two aspects. The framework consists of three parts: Traditional evaluation, indicator construction, and evaluation considering the relationship between subjective and objective assessment. Traditional evaluations consist of subjective evaluations and objective assessments. Indicator construction focuses on putting forward indicators that quantitively evaluate the human–environment relationship, considering the results of objective assessments and subjective evaluations. The indicators introduced in this study include MD (match degree) and OSC (objective assessment and subjective evaluation comparison) to explain the difference and the relationship between objective assessments and subjective evaluations of the environment. Then, based on the indicator value, a matrix containing four situations (Match-H, Match-L, H-L, and L-H) was constructed to explore why a human–environment relationship may not be harmonious. Since the upper Minjiang River basin is a typical area, because of its intensive human activity, as well as its fragile ecological environment, this study chose it as a case study and used it to verify the framework. Through the framework construction and application, this study found that: (1) The framework of this study provided a more comprehensive method to evaluate the human–environment relationship; (2) as the subjective evaluation was based on individual comprehensive tradeoffs, the evaluation combining the subjective and objective assessment was more accurate; (3) environmental conditions were the basis, and human activities were the key factors, for the coordination of human–environment relationships; so the matrix put forward in this study was necessary for finding the cause of human–environment incongruity.

scholarly journals PERILAKU MASYARAKAT SUNDA MUSLIM DALAM MENGONSUMSI PRODUK HALAL DI KOTA BANDUNG

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Mulyaningrum Mulyaningrum ◽  
Erik Syawal Alghifari
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Halal Food ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to analyze the relationship between the level of knowledge and behavior of the Sundanese Muslim community in Bandung about halal food and beverage products. The method used in this research is descriptive and verifikatif. The data were collected using questionnaires, completed with observation. Data analysis using validity test, reliability test, linear regression, correlation, hypothesis test, and coefficient of determination. The correlation test result is 0.376, which shows that it is in the interval 0.20 - 0.399, and the coefficient of determination test shows the influence of 0.142. This means that the influence of knowledge level on the behavior of Muslim sunda society is 14.2%. The difference of 85.8% is the influence of other factors not examined. This figure indicates that the increased knowledge of respondents on halal products will increase the behavior in consuming halal products.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Flipped Learning And Pupils’ Performance: A Reflection On Alternative Philosophical Underpinnings

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-114
Author(s):  
Ismail Mohammed Noriey ◽  
Mohammad Sedigh Javanmiri
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Flipped Learning ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Interpretive Approach ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Data Collection Procedure

This research paper investigates the significance of the relationship between flipped learning and pupils’ academic performance in secondary schools in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq especially with a focus on alternative philosophical underpinnings. Undoubtedly, the significance of this study in the field of educational research bubbles over with controversies. Professional researchers/teachers’ disagreements about what happens in schools emanate from the difference in philosophical lenses employed in understanding phenomena, divergent visions regarding the purpose of schooling, and what constitutes an ideal society and cultural differences.  This research attempts to understand teachers’ perception of reality in classrooms and fathoms the relationship between flipped learning and pupil’s academic performance, engagement and achievement. The research methodology employed has focused on mixed methods that allow the data analysis to adopt an interpretive approach and attempted to address the research questions by developing a structured observation and a questionnaire to facilitate the data collection procedure. The findings show that alternative philosophical underpinnings bear profound effects on pupils’ learning: teachers and the epistemologies and ontologies employed to understand reality in classrooms significantly impact flipped learning and pupils’ academic performance. The results suggest that these implications share common critical statements found in the related literature reviews that also indicate reflections on alternative philosophical underpinnings.

Cultural diversity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihui Han
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Causal Attribution ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Shared Beliefs

Chapter 1 provides a brief overview of cultural differences in human behavior by giving examples of human behaviors in East Asian and Western societies. It reviews the concept of culture used by psychologists, anthropologists, and philosophers, introduces several dimensions of culture, and emphasizes shared beliefs and behavioral scripts as the key components of culture that influence human behavior. It also reviews cross-cultural psychological research that has revealed differences in multiple cognitive processes including perception, attention, memory, causal attribution, and self-reflection between individuals in East Asian and Western cultures. It gives an overview of cultural neuroscience studies that employ brain imaging techniques to reveal neural mechanisms underlying cultural differences in human behavior and mental processes.

scholarly journals PERAN POLA KOMUNIKASI ANTARBUDAYA DALAM MENCEGAH KONFLIK ANTAR KELOMPOK AGAMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Mochamad Rizak
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Communication Culture ◽  
Two Sides

<p><em>Intercultural communication becomes a norm in the midst of society that has been globalized. There are no more regional boundaries and cultural barriers that travel between one person and another. But in reality, cultural differences often cause ripples of problems and even lead to the emergence of social conflict. This is due to the strengthening of ethnic identity that led to the emergence of ethnocentrism and stereotype in which one group feels superior to other ethnic groups.</em></p><p><em>This study discusses the relationship of communication and culture that is like two sides of the coin. Culture shapes human thoughts and behavior and shapes our patterns of communication. While with communication we can convey the result of creation, desire and taste to others. This study wanted to examine matters relating to intercultural communication, especially on religious groups that led to the emergence of prejudice, causing a sense of mutual suspicion and even hostility between religious groups. In this case prejudice becomes an obstacle in communicating.</em><em></em><em></em></p><p><em>Intercultural communication aims to remove barriers as a result of cultural differences. As the principle of communication that the more like the cultural background will be more effective communication. Intercultural communication wants to make us human beings, ie people who look at others from the point of their culture not from the point of our culture so that will grow mutual respect.</em><em></em></p><p><em></em><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>communication, culture, religious group</em></p><p><em>------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /></em></p><p>Komunikasi antar budaya menjadi norma di tengah-tengah masyarakat yang telah mengglobal. Tidak ada lagi batas-batas regional dan hambatan budaya yang bergerak antara satu orang dan yang lain. Namun dalam kenyataannya, perbedaan budaya sering menyebabkan riak masalah dan bahkan mengarah pada munculnya konflik sosial. Hal ini disebabkan menguatnya identitas etnis yang menyebabkan munculnya etnosentrisme dan stereotipe di mana satu kelompok merasa lebih superior dari kelompok etnis lain.</p><p>Studi ini membahas hubungan komunikasi dan budaya yang seperti dua sisi mata uang. Budaya membentuk pikiran dan perilaku manusia dan membentuk pola komunikasi kita. Sementara dengan komunikasi kita dapat menyampaikan hasil ciptaan, keinginan dan rasa kepada orang lain. Penelitian ini ingin meneliti hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan komunikasi antar budaya, terutama pada kelompok agama yang menyebabkan munculnya prasangka, menyebabkan rasa saling curiga dan bahkan permusuhan antar kelompok agama. Dalam hal ini prasangka menjadi kendala dalam berkomunikasi.</p><p>Komunikasi antarbudaya bertujuan untuk menghilangkan hambatan sebagai akibat dari perbedaan budaya. Sebagai prinsip komunikasi yang lebih menyukai latar belakang budaya akan komunikasi yang lebih efektif. Komunikasi antarbudaya ingin menjadikan kita manusia, yaitu orang yang melihat orang lain dari sudut budaya mereka bukan dari sudut budaya kita sehingga akan tumbuh saling menghargai.</p><p><strong><em>Kata kunci:</em></strong><em> komunikasi, budaya, kelompok keagamaan</em></p><p> </p>

History of world Indology in modern historiography

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-155
Author(s):  
Alexander Gordon ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Scientific Process ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Indian History ◽  
The Road ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The reason for the article was «History of Indian History» by Leonid Alaev. The book poses several general theoretical questions about the importance of historiography as a «self-reflection» of historical science, the relationship between historical knowledge and historical consciousness. It focuses on the impact on the scientific process of political interests and the search for national identity, which determines the difference of individual national schools. The author of the book shows that for all the differences of the latter, the common logic of the scientific process, which is represented by the folding and evolution of Indology as a world scientific discipline, breaks through the road.

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