Animal Cognition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Krichbaum ◽  
Adam Davila ◽  
Lucia Lazarowski ◽  
Jeffrey S. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Concept Learning ◽  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Animal Cognition ◽  
Animal Mind ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Future ◽  
Canine Cognition ◽  
Methodological Strength

The contemporary field of animal cognition began over 150 years ago when Charles Darwin posed questions regarding the abilities of the animal mind. Animal cognition is a science dedicated to understanding the processes and mechanisms that allow nonhumans to think and behave. The techniques that are used and the species that are studied are diverse. The historical questions originally proposed by ethologist Nikolas Tinbergen as a framework for studying animal behavior remain at the core of the field. These questions are reviewed along with the domains and methods of animal cognition with a focus on concept learning, memory, and canine cognition. Finally, ideas on how a field rich in tradition and methodological strength should proceed in the future are presented.

Adaptations of Time Travel Narratives in Japanese Multimedia: Nurturing Eudaimonia across Time and Space

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Ae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Travel Narratives ◽  
Time Travel ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Concern For Others ◽  
The Future ◽  
Live Action

To displace a character in time is to depict a character who becomes acutely conscious of his or her status as other, as she or he strives to comprehend and interact with a culture whose mentality is both familiar and different in obvious and subtle ways. Two main types of time travel pose a philosophical distinction between visiting the past with knowledge of the future and trying to inhabit the future with past cultural knowledge, but in either case the unpredictable impact a time traveller may have on another society is always a prominent theme. At the core of Japanese time travel narratives is a contrast between self-interested and eudaimonic life styles as these are reflected by the time traveller's activities. Eudaimonia is a ‘flourishing life’, a life focused on what is valuable for human beings and the grounding of that value in altruistic concern for others. In a study of multimodal narratives belonging to two sets – adaptations of Tsutsui Yasutaka's young adult novella The Girl Who Leapt Through Time and Yamazaki Mari's manga series Thermae Romae – this article examines how time travel narratives in anime and live action film affirm that eudaimonic living is always a core value to be nurtured.

The Nature of Degrowth: Theorising the Core of Nature for the Degrowth Movement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasi Heikkurinen
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Culturally Sensitive ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Radical Reduction ◽  
Nature Experience ◽  
Matter Energy

This article investigates human–nature relations in the light of the recent call for degrowth, a radical reduction of matter–energy throughput in over-producing and over-consuming cultures. It outlines a culturally sensitive response to a (conceived) paradox where humans embedded in nature experience alienation and estrangement from it. The article finds that if nature has a core, then the experienced distance makes sense. To describe the core of nature, three temporal lenses are employed: the core of nature as ‘the past’, ‘the future’, and ‘the present’. It is proposed that while the degrowth movement should be inclusive of temporal perspectives, the lens of the present should be emphasised to balance out the prevailing romanticism and futurism in the theory and practice of degrowth.

Pathways to Success Through Identity-Based Motivation

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphna Oyserman
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Core ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
The Future ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Future Self ◽  
Fidelity Measures ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Taking Action ◽  
Minimal Effort

Everyone can imagine their future self, even very young children, and this future self is usually positive and education-linked. To make progress toward an aspired future or away from a feared future requires people to plan and take action. Unfortunately, most people often start too late and commit minimal effort to ineffective strategies that lead their attention elsewhere. As a result, their high hopes and earnest resolutions often fall short. In Pathways to Success Through Identity-Based Motivation Daphna Oyserman focuses on situational constraints and affordances that trigger or impede taking action. Focusing on when the future-self matters and how to reduce the shortfall between the self that one aspires to become and the outcomes that one actually attains, Oyserman introduces the reader to the core theoretical framework of identity-based motivation (IBM) theory. IBM theory is the prediction that people prefer to act in identity-congruent ways but that the identity-to-behavior link is opaque for a number of reasons (the future feels far away, difficulty of working on goals is misinterpreted, and strategies for attaining goals do not feel identity-congruent). Oyserman's book goes on to also include the stakes and how the importance of education comes into play as it improves the lives of the individual, their family, and their society. The framework of IBM theory and how to achieve it is broken down into three parts: how to translate identity-based motivation into a practical intervention, an outline of the intervention, and empirical evidence that it works. In addition, the book also includes an implementation manual and fidelity measures for educators utilizing this book to intervene for the improvement of academic outcomes.

China, the UN, and Human Protection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Foot
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
World Order ◽  
Active Engagement ◽  
Fair Share ◽  
Global Order ◽  
The Core ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Future ◽  
The United Nations

Over a relatively short period of time, Beijing moved from passive involvement with the UN to active engagement. How are we to make sense of the People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) embrace of the UN, and what does its engagement mean in larger terms? Is it a ‘supporter’ that takes its fair share of responsibilities, or a ‘spoiler’ that seeks to transform the UN’s contribution to world order? Certainly, it is difficult to label it a ‘shirker’ in the last decade or more, given Beijing’s apparent appreciation of the UN, its provision of public goods to the organization, and its stated desire to offer ‘Chinese wisdom and a Chinese approach to solving the problems facing mankind’. This study traces questions such as these, interrogating the value of such categorization through direct focus on Beijing’s involvement in one of the most contentious areas of UN activity—human protection—contentious because the norm of human protection tips the balance away from the UN’s Westphalian state-based profile, towards the provision of greater protection for the security of individuals and their individual liberties. The argument that follows shows that, as an ever-more crucial actor within the United Nations, Beijing’s rhetoric and some of its practices are playing an increasingly important role in determining how this norm is articulated and interpreted. In some cases, the PRC is also influencing how these ideas of human protection are implemented. At stake in the questions this book tackles is both how we understand the PRC as a participant in shaping global order, and the future of some of the core norms that constitute global order.

scholarly journals The future of SIMS: Who embodies which smile and when?

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 464-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula M. Niedenthal ◽  
Martial Mermillod ◽  
Marcus Maringer ◽  
Ursula Hess
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Top Down ◽  
The Core ◽  
Facial Expression Of Emotion ◽  
Expression Of Emotion ◽  
Target Article ◽  
The Future

AbstractThe set of 30 stimulating commentaries on our target article helps to define the areas of our initial position that should be reiterated or else made clearer and, more importantly, the ways in which moderators of and extensions to the SIMS can be imagined. In our response, we divide the areas of discussion into (1) a clarification of our meaning of “functional,” (2) a consideration of our proposed categories of smiles, (3) a reminder about the role of top-down processes in the interpretation of smile meaning in SIMS, (4) an evaluation of the role of eye contact in the interpretation of facial expression of emotion, and (5) an assessment of the possible moderators of the core SIMS model. We end with an appreciation of the proposed extensions to the model, and note that the future of research on the problem of the smile appears to us to be assured.

Activation of dorsal development by contact between the cortical dorsal determinant and the equatorial core cytoplasm in eggs of Xenopus laevis

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (8) ◽  
pp. 1543-1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kageura
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Dorsal Side ◽  
Equatorial Region ◽  
Normal Embryo ◽  
Dorsal Region ◽  
The Core ◽  
Dorsal Axis ◽  
The Future ◽  
Vegetal Pole ◽  
Cell Embryo

In eggs of Xenopus laevis, dorsal development is activated on the future dorsal side by cortical rotation, after fertilization. The immediate effect of cortical rotation is probably the transport of a dorsal determinant from the vegetal pole to the equatorial region on the future dorsal side. However, the identity and action of the dorsal determinant remain problematic. In the present experiments, individual isolated cortices from various regions of the unfertilized eggs and embryos were implanted into one of several positions of a recipient 8-cell embryo. The incidence of secondary axes was used not only to locate the cortical dorsal determinant at different times but also to locate the region of the core competent to respond to the dorsal determinant. The dorsal axis-inducing activity of the cortex occurred around the vegetal pole of the unfertilized egg. During cortical rotation, it shifted from there to a wide dorsal region. This is apparently the first evidence for the presence of a dorsal determinant in the egg cortex. The competence of the core of the 8-cell embryo was distributed in the form of gradient with the highest responsiveness at the equator. These results suggest that, in the normal embryo, dorsal development is activated by contact between the cortical dorsal determinant and the equatorial core cytoplasm, brought together through cortical rotation.

Cybersecurity Awareness Framework for Academia

Information ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Mohammed Khader ◽  
Marcel Karam ◽  
Hanna Fares
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Academic Institution ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
The Core ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
The Future ◽  
Students Attitudes

Cybersecurity is a multifaceted global phenomenon representing complex socio-technical challenges for governments and private sectors. With technology constantly evolving, the types and numbers of cyberattacks affect different users in different ways. The majority of recorded cyberattacks can be traced to human errors. Despite being both knowledge- and environment-dependent, studies show that increasing users’ cybersecurity awareness is found to be one of the most effective protective approaches. However, the intangible nature, socio-technical dependencies, constant technological evolutions, and ambiguous impact make it challenging to offer comprehensive strategies for better communicating and combatting cyberattacks. Research in the industrial sector focused on creating institutional proprietary risk-aware cultures. In contrast, in academia, where cybersecurity awareness should be at the core of an academic institution’s mission to ensure all graduates are equipped with the skills to combat cyberattacks, most of the research focused on understanding students’ attitudes and behaviors after infusing cybersecurity awareness topics into some courses in a program. This work proposes a conceptual Cybersecurity Awareness Framework to guide the implementation of systems to improve the cybersecurity awareness of graduates in any academic institution. This framework comprises constituents designed to continuously improve the development, integration, delivery, and assessment of cybersecurity knowledge into the curriculum of a university across different disciplines and majors; this framework would thus lead to a better awareness among all university graduates, the future workforce. This framework may be adjusted to serve as a blueprint that, once adjusted by academic institutions to accommodate their missions, guides institutions in developing or amending their policies and procedures for the design and assessment of cybersecurity awareness.

scholarly journals Democratic ideals and the Nigerian state: what hope for the future

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Tamunosiki V. Ogan
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Internal Colonialism ◽  
The Core ◽  
Textual Data ◽  
Political Tension ◽  
The Future ◽  
Practice Standard ◽  
Democratic Ideals

An analysis of the principles of democracy was carried out. The objective was to delineate the extent to which the Nigerian state is democratic and how its current democratic ideals could impact on its future existence as a state. The method adopted for the study was that of content analysis, which involved conceptual and historical analyses of textual data. It was discovered from historical data that the Nigerian state runs a system of government, which promotes internal colonialism of the minority groups by the major ones. This political imbalance was shown to create social and political tension, where the peripheral groups were hostile to the core regions. It was recommended in the study that if the Nigerian state is to subsist in the future, then it has to restructure its political institutions to promote true federalism as well as imbibe and practice standard democratic ideals.Keywords: Democratic ideal, Nigeria, Hope, Future

scholarly journals PUSAT KREATIVITAS ANAK DI PONTIANAK

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 398
Author(s):  
Adilla Chairiah ◽  
Lestari Lestari ◽  
Irwin Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Circular Shape ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Future ◽  
Human Need ◽  
Child Friendly ◽  
The Right

Children are the future successors of the nation who must be equipped with supporting knowledge and education. One of the factors that influence the development of children are children’s creativity. Creativity is important for children because creativity is useful as a human need to be creative, creativity allows children to express themselves and thoughts in solving problem and many more. Creativity activities in schools are limited, namely 4-5 hours due to strict curriculum (Kemendikbud, 2012). The facilities that support the development of children's creativity in Pontianak is quite limited. This condition shows that Pontianak needs facilities that support the development of children's creativity, namely the Child Creativity Center in Pontianak. The design method starts from identifying the problem by looking at the issues, data collecting consists of primary data and secondary data, and then the data is analyzed which produced pre design drawing. The emphasis on the design is child-friendly which includes aspects of safety, comfort, freedom and stimulates children's potential. This concept produces a mass building design with a circular shape that has been transformed. The use of the right colors, shapes, materials and dimensions is the core of the design of the Children's Creativity Center in Pontianak.

scholarly journals Research on the relationship between Fresh Food E-commerce Consumption Experience and Customer Fit from the Perspective of Value Co-creatio

2020 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 01016
Author(s):  
Gao Wei ◽  
Xinjuan He ◽  
Huan Wang ◽  
Li Rui ◽  
Luo Jialing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
The Core ◽  
Consumption Experience ◽  
Fresh Food ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Relationship

In recent years, the fresh food e-commerce platforms have been developing rapidly with facing increasingly fierce market competition. From the perspective of value co-creation, the core competitive advantage of enterprises in the future lies in creating unique values with customers. Starting from the perspective of innovation, this study explores the relationship fresh food e-commerce consumption experience and customer fit, so as to provide decision-making reference for the management of the platforms.

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