Fear of Crime

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Rader
Keyword(s):  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neighborhood Disorder ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Time Period ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Fear of crime has been a serious social problem studied for almost 40 years. Early researchers focused on operationalization and conceptualization of fear of crime, specifically focusing on what fear of crime was (and was not) and how to best tap into the fear of crime construct. This research also found that while crime rates had been declining, fear of crime rates had stayed relatively stable. Nearly 40% of Americans indicated they were afraid of crime, even though crime was declining during the same time period. This finding led researchers to study the paradox of fear of crime. In other words, why does fear of crime not match up with actual chances of victimization? Several explanations were put forth including a focus on vulnerability (e.g., individuals felt vulnerable to crime even if they were not vulnerable) and a focus on differences in groups (e.g., women were more afraid of crime than men, even though they were less likely to be victims). Thus, many studies began to consider the predictors of fear of crime. Researchers since this time have spent most time studying these fear of crime predictors including individual level predictors (i.e., sex, race, age, social class), contextual predictors (neighborhood disorder, incivilities, and social cohesion), along with the consequences of fear of crime (psychological and behavioral). Such results have provided guidance on what individuals fear, why they fear, and what impact it has on the daily lives of Americans. Future research will continue to focus on groups little is known about, such as Hispanics, and also on the impact of behavior on fear of crime. This future research will likely also benefit from new techniques in survey research that analyzes longitudinal data to determine causality between fear of crime and other predictors such as risk and behavior.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Kebijakan Pemerintah Pasca Bencana (Studi Kasus Bencana di Sulawesi Tengah)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Ahsan Samad ◽  
Erdiansyah Erdiansyah ◽  
Rina Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The People ◽  
Time Period ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Post Disaster

The purpose of this study is to identify and describe the impact and behavior of the community on post-disaster economic conditions in the city of Palu and to know the local government's public policies in handling these cases. Using qualitative methods with a case study approach, literature study, and secondary data processing from various social elements. In addition, data collection was carried out by interviewing informants who felt the direct impact of the earthquake, tsunami and liquefaction in Palu, Sigi and Donggala. The results showed that the post-disaster impact felt by the people of Palu City was generally in the "severe" classification. The socio-economic conditions of the people of Palu include several aspects, ranging from the geographical conditions that are in disaster-prone zones, to the extremely poor health conditions after the disaster. The conclusion of this research shows that the escalation of natural disasters in the city of Palu is considered quite large because it consists of three types of disasters, namely the Earthquake, Tsunami and Liquifation in the same time period. Palu City is the capital of the Province as well as the economic and administrative center of Central Sulawesi Province. Damage to warehousing infrastructure coupled with massive looting from unscrupulous people in logistics supply warehouses resulted in goods that were supposed to be distributed both to the city and the district finally unable to be implemented.Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi dan mendeskripsikan evaluasi dampak dan perilaku masyarakat terhadap kondisi perekonomian pasca bencana di kota Palu dan mengetahui kebijakan publik pemerintah setempat dalam menangani kasus tersebut. Menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan  studi kasus, studi literature, dan pengolahan data sekunder dari berbagai elemen sosial. Selain itu pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara wawacara kepada narasumber yang merasakan dampak langsung dari bencana gempa,tsunami dan likuifaksi di Palu,Sigi dan Donggala. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa dampak pasca bencana yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat Kota Palu secara umum berada pada klasifikasi “berat”. Kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat kota Palu meliputi beberapa aspek, mulai dari kondisi geografis yang berada pada zona rawan bencana, kondisi kesehatan sangat memprihatinkan pasca bencana. Kesimpulan penelitain ini menujukkan bahwa eskalasi bencana alam kota Palu dinilai cukup besar karena terdiri dari tiga macam bencana yaitu Gempa Bumi, Tsunami dan Liquifasi dalam kurun waktu sama. Kota Palu merupakan ibukota Provinsi sekaligus sebagai pusat ekonomi dan pemerintahan Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Rusaknya infrakstruktur pergudangan ditambah dengan adanya penjarahan yang massiv dari oknum masyarakat pada gudang-gudang suplai logistik mengakibatkan barang yang semestinya didistribusikan baik ke kota ataupun ke kabupaten akhirnya tidak dapat dilaksanakan.

scholarly journals The Impact of Board Capital on Internationalization of SMEs: Initial Theoretical Considerations

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Monika Bužavaitė ◽  
Renata Korsakiene
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
Board Capital ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Agency Resource

The study aims to investigate the relationship between Board capital and internationalization of SMEs. The study implements a systematic review and synthesis of scientific literature. The article presents useful insights into the concept of Board capital, Agency, Resource dependency, Institutional theories, and Resource-Based view. These theories give us a better understanding of Board capital, the firm’s management and behavior. The analysis of recent studies suggests that external members of the Board might positively affect internationalization outcomes and be useful in overcoming obstacles during the initiation of international activities. Nevertheless, international entrepreneurship literature is still lacking studies considering Board capital. A deeper investigation of Board capital factors impacting the internationalization of SMEs can be stated as a future research direction. 

A Comparative View of Censored and Uncensored Political Discussion

2017 ◽  
pp. 269-282
Author(s):  
Qihao Ji
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Political Discussion ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Internet Censorship ◽  
Media Discourses ◽  
The Impact

Through a content analysis on Chinese online dissidents' social media discourses, this study examines the impact of Internet censorship on Chinese dissidents' political discourse in two social media platforms: Weibo and Twitter. Data was collected during a time period when China's Internet censorship was tightened. Results revealed that Chinese online dissidents are more likely to post critical opinions and direct criticism towards the Chinese government on Twitter. In addition, dissidents on Twitter are more likely to engage in discussing with others, while Weibo dissidents tend to adopt linguistic skills more often to bypass censorship. No difference was found in terms of dissidents' civility and rationality across the two platforms. Implications and future research are discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Environmental Stressors: The Mental Health Impacts of Living Near Industrial Activity

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam Downey ◽  
Marieke Van Willigen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Toxic Release Inventory ◽  
Neighborhood Disorder ◽  
Industrial Activity ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Impact

A growing literature examines whether the poor, the working class, and people of color are disproportionately likely to live in environmentally hazardous neighborhoods. This literature assumes that environmental characteristics such as industrial pollution and hazardous waste are detrimental to human health, an assumption that has not been well tested. Drawing upon the sociology of mental health and environmental inequality studies, we ask whether industrial activity has an impact on psychological well-being. We link individual-level survey data with data from the U.S. Census and the Toxic Release Inventory and find that residential proximity to industrial activity has a negative impact on mental health. This impact is both direct and mediated by individuals' perceptions of neighborhood disorder and personal powerlessness, and the impact is greater for minorities and the poor than it is for whites and wealthier individuals. These results suggest that public health officials need to take seriously the mental health impacts of living near industrial facilities.

A Citizen's View of the Impact of Crime

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-332
Author(s):  
Julia D. Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Corrosive Effect ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Direct Encounter ◽  
The Impact

What is the impact of crime on the average individual in this country? What is the impact of the fear of crime on the quality of life in the United States? These questions are addressed in this article not from the point of view of an expert, or of an official in the criminal justice system, or of a victim of crime, but from that of an average person whose experience has included no direct encounter with crime of any kind. Those who have been victims of crime and those affected even indirectly by criminal behavior will react, naturally, with predictable concern; crime also has discernible effects on the attitudes and behavior of people generally, and this impact in turn has a corrosive effect on the quality of life in America.

scholarly journals Modelling the fear of crime

2017 ◽  
Vol 473 (2203) ◽  
pp. 20170156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Prieto Curiel ◽  
Steven Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Crime Rate ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Opinion Dynamics ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Local Perception ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Perception Of Security ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Exact Relationship

How secure people feel in a particular region is obviously linked to the actual crime suffered in that region but the exact relationship between crime and its fear is quite subtle. Two regions may have the same crime rate but their local perception of security may differ. Equally, two places may have the same perception of security even though one may have a significantly lower crime rate. Furthermore, a negative perception might persist for many years, even when crime rates drop. Here, we develop a model for the dynamics of the perception of security of a region based on the distribution of crime suffered by the population using concepts similar to those used for opinion dynamics. Simulations under a variety of conditions illustrate different scenarios and help us determine the impact of suffering more, or less, crime. The inhomogeneous concentration of crime together with a memory loss process is incorporated into the model for the perception of security, and results explain why people are often more fearful than actually victimized; why a region is perceived as being insecure despite a low crime rate; and why a decrease in the crime rate might not significantly improve the perception of security.

scholarly journals Risky localities: Exploring a methodology for measuring socio-economic characteristics of high murder areas

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizette Lancaster ◽  
Ellen Kamman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Violence Reduction ◽  
Murder Rate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Initial Results

Every day on average, more than 49 people are murdered in South Africa. A better understanding of the demographics of locations with high murder and other crime rates could assist in the development of effective initiatives to effectively reduce our murder rate. It provides the foundations on which to build research into the impact of social cohesion on violence reduction. This article explores the hypothesis that the risk for murder is associated with certain demographic characteristics of particular locations. This paper proposes a method to analyse the demographic characteristics of police precincts in relation to the murder rate for that police precinct. It provides an explanation of the method used and a summary of initial results. The paper concludes with a discussion on the benefits of this research approach and considerations for future research as well as the need for more indepth analysis on social cohesion.

Partisan Ambivalence, Partisan Intensity, and Racial Attitudes: The Impact of Shifting Policy Positions on Partisan Evaluations in the 1960s

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1259-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Lupton ◽  
Judd R. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Political Psychology ◽  
Racial Attitudes ◽  
Policy Positions ◽  
White Southerners ◽  
Party Positions ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

The concept of ambivalence is important to the study of political psychology and behavior. We examine the causes of partisan ambivalence following the passage of major civil rights legislation to test our argument that the correlates of ambivalence will change following the alteration of long-standing party positions on a highly salient issue. We find support for this hypothesis for White Southerners during this time period—Indeed, our results demonstrate that the strength of one’s partisan attachment is unrelated to partisan evaluations for such individuals immediately following the passage of major civil rights legislation, but is again a predictor by the early 1970s.

scholarly journals How Negative Is Negative Information

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Simoes ◽  
Alexander N. Sokolov ◽  
Markus Hahn ◽  
Andreas J. Fallgatter ◽  
Sara Y. Brucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Perception ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Reasoning Task ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Negative Messages ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Daily, we face a plenty of negative information that can profoundly affect our perception and behavior. During devastating events such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, negative messages may hinder reasoning at individual level and social decisions in the society at large. These effects vary across genders in neurotypical populations (being more evident in women) and may be even more pronounced in individuals with neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression. Here, we examine how negative information impacts reasoning on a social perception task in females with breast cancer, a life-threatening disease. Two groups of patients and two groups of matched controls (NTOTAL = 80; median age, 50 years) accomplished a psychometrically standardized social cognition and reasoning task receiving either the standard instruction solely or additional negative information. Performance substantially dropped in patients and matched controls who received negative information compared to those who did not. Moreover, patients with negative information scored much lower not only compared with controls but also with patients without negative information. We suggest the effects of negative information are mediated by the distributed brain networks involved in affective processing and emotional memory. The findings offer novel insights on the impact of negative information on social perception and decision making during life-threatening events, fostering better understanding of its neurobiological underpinnings.

scholarly journals COVD-03. IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THERAPY PROVISION FOR CHILDREN WITH CNS TUMOURS

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii283-iii283
Author(s):  
Helen Hartley ◽  
Barry Pizer ◽  
Ram Kumar ◽  
Joanne Owen ◽  
Helen Paisley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Local Therapy ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rehabilitation Team ◽  
Tertiary Centre ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Cns Tumours ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Therapy Team

Abstract INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread change in the delivery of rehabilitation. The Teenage Cancer Trust reported that 69% of young people with cancer saw their physiotherapist less than usual during the pandemic raising concerns about physiotherapy input. METHODS Retrospective analysis of all children’s therapy input managed under the Neuro Oncology Rehabilitation Team (NORT) between 1st April and 30th July 2020. Descriptive analysis of change to physiotherapy provision during this time period by Tertiary and local community services. RESULTS 49 children were managed under the NORT Therapy Team during this timeframe. 9 children were newly diagnosed with CNS tumours. There was no impact on inpatient therapy provision, 3 had delayed local therapy provision on discharge requiring increased virtual input by the Tertiary centre. 40 children were outpatients managed under the NORT therapy team. 16 children were also receiving regular local physiotherapy input prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. 13 of these children subsequently had their local physiotherapy input suspended during this time period, 8 children were offered virtual input as an alternative by the Tertiary centre, 2 children received increased face to face appointments at the Tertiary centre. 14 of the 24 children managed solely under the Tertiary NORT Therapy Team changed to virtual therapy reviews. DISCUSSION There is a clear change in therapy provision as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Future research should consider the effectiveness of neurorehabilitation conducted virtually and the impact on physical function of reduced local therapy provision in children with CNS tumours.

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