Hierarchical Organizational Structure and Leadership

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Saiti ◽  
Theodoros Stefou
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Hierarchical Approach ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Communication Processes ◽  
Efficient Performance ◽  
Work Distribution ◽  
Flexible Networks ◽  
The Military

When using the hierarchical approach, one delegates duties from the upper to the lower levels of a hierarchical structure. This system is characterized by an echelon arrangement (“a pyramid organization”), which gives the impression of a pyramid. This kind of structure is the simplest type of work distribution and is based upon the Fayol principles, namely, the unity of administration and a hierarchical scale. Certainly, this system of organizational structure (as with any system) has both advantages and disadvantages. A hierarchical approach expresses the classical view of the organizational structure and may be implemented in any kind or size of organization. If organizations are to enhance employees’ motivation and team spirit then employees’ perceptions are an important tool. Within this framework, individuals in the military and educational sector have a rather sensitive working environment, one quite different from other sectors. Leadership is without doubt the most essential part of any organization and is key for the efficient performance and continued development of an organization. Flexible networks, open communication processes, and leaders with vision and a creative, constructive, and positive spirit favorably affect employees’ feelings and enhance innovation and fluidity. Taking into consideration that a highly hierarchical system may adversely affect incentives to exert effort as well as the efficiency of communication channels, one may consider the importance of the contribution of a leader and the development of leadership as an acute issue that has a significant impact upon staff morale and efficient performance, especially in military and educational sector.

Virtual Partnerships: Engaging Students in E-service Learning Using Computer-mediated Communication

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usha S. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Service Learning ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Global Citizens ◽  
Communication Processes ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
The Impact

Computer-mediated communication has important implications for future classroom learning which is no longer spatially bound or centred around text books. It has the ability to incorporate real-life learning whereby students can make important contributions towards solving global problems without having to leave the campus. This study looked at the impact of virtual communication processes and online tools on student and partner engagement in an on-campus undergraduate unit which enables Australian students to create communication campaigns for a non-government organization in India. The study found that the communication exchanges provided students with opportunities for intercultural dialogue, both in real and virtual spaces, and how to use Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and media within a social justice framework within a transnational working environment. Internet technologies have become part of the daily communication pattern of a new generation of students, who see it as their natural environment in which to learn, play and work. It is thus important to expand students’ use of the global digital network from superficial social interactions towards activities which enable them to become active and informed global citizens.

scholarly journals Suddenly Telework: Job Crafting as a Way to Promote Employee Well-Being?

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane R. Stempel ◽  
Katja Siestrup
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Social Resources ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Job Crafting ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Abrupt Shift ◽  
Quantitative Results

COVID-19 confronted many people with an abrupt shift from their usual working environment to telework. This study explores which job characteristics are perceived as most crucial in this exceptional situation and how they differ from people’s previous working conditions. Additionally, we focus on job crafting as a response to this situation and how it is related to employees’ well-being. We conducted an online survey with N = 599 participants, of which 321 reported that they were telework newcomers. First, we asked participants to indicate the three most important advantages and disadvantages they see in telework. The subsequent questionnaire contained a comprehensive measure of working conditions before and during the pandemic, job crafting behaviors, and indicators of well-being. Based on the qualitative answers, we identified three major advantages and disadvantages. Quantitative results indicate perceived changes in all job characteristics for telework newcomers. Concerning working conditions and well-being, job crafting activities that aim to increase structural and social resources are important mediators. The findings underline the need to design appropriate telework conditions and encourage job crafting activities to foster occupational well-being.

scholarly journals CO-WORKING AS THE COMPONENT OF THE E- ENVIRONMENT FORMING ENTREPRENEURSHIP COMPETENCE. MANAGEMENT, ON-LINE TOOLS FOR BUILDING A FREE WORKING SPACE

World Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (11(51)) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Alona Nieliepova
Keyword(s):  
Free Space ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Higher Educational Institutions ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Working Space ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
Key Aspects

The subject of the article is the study of modern trends coworking of the university. The key aspects of the co-working center on innovative activity of higher educational institutions of agrarian education are considered in the light of the main advantages and disadvantages of this occurrence. The purpose of the work is to study trends and approaches in the use of coworking in agricultural universities. From the standpoint of the scientific- pedagogical paradigm and systematic approach to the formation of entrepreneurial competence in a free space, the tasks, structure, forms and models of a co-working center oriented to the project-network and scientific- service support of innovative development of the agrarian sphere based on innovative ideas are revealed.A retrospective analysis made it possible to consider the prerequisites for the emergence of co-workings. Based on empirical research methods - questionnaires categories of people working in co-working centers of Ukraine, researched their motives of being in free space, advantages and disadvantages of working in co-working. The analysis of the relationships between the participants in the co-working process has allowed to justify the stages of formation the necessary infrastructure of the internal co-working environment. Conclusion: The peer review method has created an adequate model for the future development of the co-working center for higher education applicants and confirmed that co-working is helping to enhance the professional position of the agricultural business. On the basis of comparative analysis of infrastructure and architecture of software and hardware, mechanisms of organization of co-working present on the market of Ukraine, the key aspects of the model and e-environment of co-working in relation to innovative activity of higher educational institutions of agrarian education are highlighted.

scholarly journals STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH OF TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF MACHINES FOR CENTRIFUGAL -PLANETARY VIBRATION TREATMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Leonid Yaroshenko ◽  
Igor Kupchuk ◽  
Mykhailo Zamrii
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Repeated Loading ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Wide Range

The paper analyzes current state and prospects of further development of technology and equipment for mechanization and automation of finishing and cleaning of details. It is stated that the most effective for this purpose are the methods of abrasive machining, which include bulk galvanizing, vibration, centrifugal-rotary and centrifugal-planetary processing. These methods reduce the complexity and cost of processing, which in some cases reaches 20% of the total cost of manufacturing parts. Each of these methods has a different level of efficiency, certain advantages and disadvantages, the level of versatility and scope of effective application. The processes of vibration processing are quite deeply studied, for its industrial mass-produced technological equipment, but they have certain shortcomings that limit their use for further widespread implementation. Centrifugal-rotary processing is a more productive process of three-dimensional finishing and cleaning treatment, but its scope is limited by the possibility of processing parts that are not complex, usually flat. The most productive methods of finishing and cleaning of details include centrifugal-planetary volume processing which high efficiency is caused by repeated loading of particles of working load by inertial forces that creates preconditions for the solutions of a wide range of technological problems, for example, processing of details of difficult form, small weight and the sizes from materials of high hardness or viscosity that represents a serious problem for other methods of volume processing. The constructive scheme is offered in the work and the influence of the composition of the abrasive free-granular working environment on the productivity of the machine for centrifugal-planetary processing of details is investigated. The kinetics of metal removal from the surface of machined parts using different types of abrasive working environment is analyzed. The results of comparative machining of parts in a torus vibrating machine and a machine for centrifugal-planetary machining are given. It is shown that the simultaneous use of centrifugal-planetary and vibration processing methods allows to increase the intensity of the process while ensuring high quality machining of parts of relatively complex shape. The constructive scheme of the machine which allows to implement the specified combined method of processing is offered and described.

scholarly journals Public Perception regarding Weak Organizational Structure of Political Parties in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol V (III) ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
Naushad Khan ◽  
Syed Ali Shah
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Democratic Culture ◽  
The Military

The weak political organization of nearly all political parties is another contributing factor in political instability. No democratic culture prevails inside all political parties; all political parties, with the exception of very few, has been ruling by one family, and mostly are dominated by one family or person; their party of the election has been mostly blamed as selection and not an election. The scope of all parties has been limited to certain areas, religion and nationalities. .As a result of weak organizations of political parties and dominant rule of the military do not allow any government to form a government alone; all political parties rely on other political parties to form government in centre as well as province.

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Intergroup Communication

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Communication Studies ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Political Arena ◽  
Intergroup Communication ◽  
Communication Processes ◽  
Communication Situations ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
The Military

Over 80 entriesThe Oxford Encyclopedia of Intergroup Communication is the first dedicated to this burgeoning field within communication studies. The essays in this collection explore geographic regions, communication processes, theories, and applied areas of interest, all pertaining to how human communication processes are influenced by, and themselves influence, the groups to which we all belong. The project brings together, in an authoritative work, research, theory, and application on well-established, as well as newly explored intergroup communication situations. The new perspectives not covered in earlier works include: • how word order affects social status • how metaphors shape intergroup relations • how sexual orientation is communicated • how interpersonal and intergroup communication intersect • what neuroscience contributes to intergroup communication • and how intergroup communication operates in previously unacknowledged settings such as the military or in the political arena.Given that the “intergroup umbrella” essentially integrates and transcends many of the traditional conceptual boundaries in communication (such as media, health, intercultural, organizational and so forth), the Oxford Encyclopedia of Intergroup Communication provides an intriguing window on to the communicative world of intergroup relations so integral to other social sciences. The encyclopedia will be an essential reference for anyone interested in intergroup communication issues, and particularly research scholars and graduate students.

Study of Québec healthworkers shows a positive psychosocial safety climate (PSC) reduces reliance on “workarounds”

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-46
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Safety Climate ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Mutual Trust ◽  
Physical Fatigue ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose was to work out whether by creating a positive working environment reduced turnarounds by reducing the risk of physical fatigue, cognitive weariness and emotional exhaustion. Design/methodology/approach The researchers conducted their study in Québec, with the partnership of the main union of nurses, the Inter-professional Federation of Health of Québec. They received 562 responses. Hypothesis 1 was: “High PSC will decrease workarounds via decreasing physical fatigue as a mediator.” H2 was: “High PSC will decrease workarounds via decreasing cognitive weariness as a mediator.” H3 was: “High PSC will decrease workarounds via decreasing emotional exhaustion as a mediator.” Findings The results supported all the three hypotheses, meaning that physical fatigue, cognitive weariness and emotional exhaustion all mediate relationships between PSC and workarounds. Originality/value The authors argue that their research demonstrates how healthcare organizations would benefit from changing the culture that sees nurses losing an average of 33 minutes on a 7.5-hour shift. The extra pressures lead directly to a workaround culture, the authors say. They argue that organizations should work to ensure that good systems for open communication and mutual trust exist. Managers should encourage workers to talk about difficulties, including issues around blockages and workarounds.

Changing Uniforms

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-86
Author(s):  
Stanley Shernock
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
New England ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Police Organizations ◽  
Military Background ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship

Most academic attention regarding military influence on policing has focused on critiques of the military model of policing and police militarization and has neglected to examine the relationship between the two institutions and the transferability of attributes and skills from the military to police. Military service itself, when examined, has been treated as an undifferentiated concept that has not distinguished the effects of organizational structure, leadership, and myriad roles and experiences on policing. This study, using data from a survey of law enforcement officers throughout a New England state, compares and analyzes how law enforcement officers and supervisors with and without military background and with and without deployment experience differ in their perspectives regarding both the positive as well as negative aspects of combat deployment on policing. As such, it has significant implications for both the reintegration and recruitment of combat-deployed veterans into police organizations.

Human Cognition and Emotion using Physio Psychological Approach : A Survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Amutha ◽  
Bobin Kurian ◽  
Karthick Nanmaran, ◽  
N. Parvathi ◽  
G. Sivagami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Mind ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Human Dimension ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Future Success ◽  
Stored Information ◽  
The Military

A soldier’s responsibility in the military includes his physical and mental attitudes which makes him to support the army in a full-fledged manner. This type of human dimension recognizes Soldier readiness from training proficiency to motivation for the Army’s future success. It introduces the concept of holistic fitness, a comprehensive combination of the whole person, including all components of the human dimension as a triad of moral, cognitive and physical components. The human dimension concept is directly related to the human mind and memory system. In this research, a system which will be capable of recognizing human emotions based on physiological parameters of a human body is discussed. The data from the system is fed to a computer where it is stored. Stored information regarding human parameters is retrieved and classified using support vector machine to generate a data set about the various emotions the human poses at a specific situation. The emotion, thus calculated is grouped to generate a grade for his present status. This grade is used to recommend the suitable working environment for the person.

ADVANCED SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS IN THE 3-10 μm WAVELENGTH RANGE

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 355-374
Author(s):  
MANIJEH RAZEGHI
Keyword(s):  
Semiconductor Lasers ◽  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Infrared Lasers ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Military Communications ◽  
The Military

Since their first discovery, semiconductor infrared lasers have found many varied applications in the military, communications, medical, and industrial sectors. In this paper, the current status of semiconductor infrared lasers will be reviewed and the advantages and disadvantages of different methods and techniques will be discussed.

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