Explaining Why People Move: Intra and Interdisciplinary Debates about the Causes of International Migration

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deniz Sert
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
International Labor ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Migratory Movements ◽  
Intervening Opportunities

International migration is widening, deepening, and speeding up as described within a set of theories that have been developed by different disciplines of science. The sociological theories of migration go back to the concept of intervening opportunities, which suggests that the number of migratory movements to a destination is directly proportional to the number of opportunities at that distance and inversely proportional to the number of intervening opportunities. Economic theories of migration, meanwhile, generally focus on international labor migration, while the geographical theories of migration concentrate on the role of distance in explaining spatial movements. Finally, socioeconomic theories of international migration are derived from a Marxist political economy emphasizing the unequal distribution of economic and political power in the global economy in a world where the rich are getting richer by exploiting the poor. Taken together, these theories explain the causes of proactive migration. However, the literature on the opposite scenario—reactive or forced migration—is also quite extensive, linking the issue to international security and human vulnerability, humanitarian intervention, and to the so-called “root causes” that underline the social and international forces that generated refugees. But these theories only tell part of the story, as migration is a dynamic phenomenon. Once it begins, international movement of people perpetuates across time and space, and the causes of these perpetual movements can be rather different from those that initiate them. As it evolves, it creates new conditions that become both the means and the ends of new migrations.

scholarly journals The International Day of Light - May 16th

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Dominik Dorosz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Social Awareness ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Further Development

During 39th session of UNESCO General Conference which held on 7 November 2017 the date May 16th was proclaimed as International Day of Light (IDL). This decision was made after the success of the International Year of Light (IYL) celebrated in 2015. It confirmed that raising awareness of the social role of photonics is crucial for further development. Based on the rich experience of IYL 2015 ("more than 13,000 activities took place in 147 countries to reach an estimated 100 million people"), the most important goals are to be followed by the IDL, including: raising social awareness, education, showing the influence of photonics on culture and art, promoting foreign cooperation and the important role of conducting basic research. As a result, it will lead to the creation of new solutions based on photonic technology, which has resulted in increased energy efficiency and improved quality of our life.

Corporate Social Responsibility in the Bahraini Construction Companies

2016 ◽  
pp. 40-51
Author(s):  
Asma Ayari
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Ethical Business ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
International Labor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Corporate Social

The purpose of this study is to give a description of ethical business cultures in Bahraini construction companies. Construction companies in the Middle East are facing charges in terms of exploitation of workers and poor working conditions. The construction sector is one of the most dynamic in Bahrain, and its participation in national GDP is increasing. It is also the most important sector in the creation of jobs. Bahrain, as in the Gulf countries, employs a workforce from India and Asia, one of the lowest in the international labor market. This study analyzes the reality of the CSR in the construction sector and proposes some guidelines for the role of Bahraini stakeholders in the implementation of the social responsibility.

Global Rules and Private Actors: Toward a New Role of the Transnational Corporation in Global Governance

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Georg Scherer ◽  
Guido Palazzo ◽  
Dorothée Baumann
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Corporate Citizenship ◽  
Transnational Corporation ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
Corporate Political Activity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Private Actors

Abstract:We discuss the role that transnational corporations (TNCs) should play in developing global governance, creating a framework of rules and regulations for the global economy. The central issue is whether TNCs should provide global rules and guarantee individual citizenship rights, or instead focus on maximizing profits. First, we describe the problems arising from the globalization process that affect the relationship between public rules and private firms. Next we consider the position of economic and management theories in relation to the social responsibility of the firm. We argue that instrumental stakeholder theory and business and society research can only partially solve the global governance issue, and that more recent concepts of corporate citizenship and republican business ethics deliver theoretically and practically helpful, fresh insights. However, even these need further development, especially with regard to the legitimacy of corporate political activity.

Women, Migration and Social Work

Affilia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
International Labor ◽  
The Social ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
International Labor Mobility ◽  
The Eu

Recent events in the United Kingdom have implications for the migration of women. Migrant women feature significantly in the staffing of the National Health Service and the social care sector, both currently under economic and political pressure. International labor mobility is also evident in the social work profession, though transnational social workers constitute only a very small proportion of the workforce. The recent vote to leave the European Union (EU) raises questions about the trend from recruitment of social workers from English-speaking countries to those from the EU. The role of social workers in relation to migrants is considered.

scholarly journals The problem of the settlement of the mountainous area of the Ukrainian Carpathians: contradictions of methodological approaches and interpretations

2018 ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Myroslav Dnistryanskyy ◽  
Natalia Dnistryanska
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
North West ◽  
The Social ◽  
Migratory Movement ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Migratory Movements ◽  
Traditional Economy

The most controversial questions in research of settlement problems of the Ukrainian Carpathians are settling time, the role of different migratory movements and ethnic composition of immigrants. Historical records show that until the XIII century there was not an overall network of settlements in the mountainous areas of the Ukrainian Carpathians. Nevertheless, on the eve of that time, the Ukrainians quite rapidly adjusted directly to the foothills, Transcarpathian ways, they created defensive points in the highlands and carried out various nature use. Considering the socio-economic and security needs of the population of ancient foothill areas main migratory movement coming from the plains to mountain rivers flow to their origins, including the territory of Transcarpathia and Carpathian and Volyn and Podillya. The similarity place names on both sides of the Carpathians Ukrainian Transcarpathian confirm the influence of colonization movements that have left their traces in the mountains. Various historical and ethnographic artifacts indicate an important role in the settlement of the Carpathian mountain region south of colonization, i.e. relocation to the region population from the territory on the border of the middle and lower Danube, historic Transylvania and Moldova during the XIII-XVI centuries, which in the Commonwealth and some other states politically identified as “land Wlachs”. The main component of ethnic-social colonization was humanity southern Slavic-Rusyn origin. Settling mountain areas of Ukrainian Carpathians influenced the formation of the social structure of Ukrainian society, particularly on the spread of Ukrainian gentry, which was originally founding villages and their families. Value of different groups of immigrants from the south, north, west and east, as well as instituting the characteristics of the traditional economy and traditional culture under various environmental conditions and led to the formation of ethnic groups of the Ukrainian Carpathians (Boyko, Lemko, Hutsuls). Key words: settlement of the Ukrainian Carpathians, South colonization, Ukrainian ethnographic groups, toponymy of the Ukrainian Carpathians, Transcarpathian relocation.

scholarly journals A JUSTIÇA DO COMENDADOR (BAIXA PROVENÇA, SÉCULO XIII) - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd.v39i1.36481

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Damien Carraz
Keyword(s):  
13Th Century ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Military Orders ◽  
History Of ◽  
Princely State ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Verbal Processes ◽  
The Temple

RESUMO: As ordens militares, como senhores eclesiásticos, exerceram a justiça temporal sobre populações das quais elas estavam encarregadas. A historiografia, se ele se interessou pelos conflitos de jurisdição que opuseram os poderes soberanos às comendadorias, subestimou, salvo exceções, as atividades judiciárias destas últimas. Os ricos arquivos das ordens do Hospital e do Templo, no Midi Francês, fornecem belas séries de atas da prática judiciária – clamores, inquéritos criminais, processos verbais de condenações... O caso dos dois senhorios templários de Lansac e de Montfrin e as comparações oferecidas pela importante jurisdição hospitalária de Manosque, recentemente e notavelmente estudada, autorizam uma contribuição sobre o papel dos irmãos guerreiros na difusão dos usos jurídicos e no controle social. O pessoal empregado no serviço destas pequenas justiças senhoriais, os procedimentos utilizados pela justiça criminal, a repressão da delinquência ordinária que assolava estes castra da Baixa Provença e, enfim, os limites opostos ao poder coercitivo do Templo pela organização das comunidades e pelo reforço do Estado foram sucessivamente evocados. O funcionamento, os ideais almejados, assim como a ação repressiva, pouco evidenciam a especificidade desta justiça da Igreja que não recusava o exercício do merum imperium e a aplicação das penas aflitivas. Centradas sobre o século XIII, período de transição na história do procedimento, estas primeiras observações desejariam ser prosseguidas para os dois séculos seguintes: a originalidade da justiça do Hospital, com a instauração de uma ordem moral, mais do que cívica, apareceria mais, tanto que seria necessário avaliar a resistência destes senhorios às reconquistas jurisdicionais do Estado principesco. ABSTRACT:The military orders, as ecclesiastical gentlemen, exercised the temporal justice over populations which they were in charge of. The historiography, if he got interested about the jurisdiction conflicts that have opposed the sovereign powers to the commanderies, underestimated, with some few exceptions, the judicial activities of these last ones. The rich archives from the orders of the hospital and the temple, at the French Midi, provide beautiful series of the judicial practices - clamors, criminal investigations, verbal processes of condemnations... The case of the two templary landlords of Lansac and of Montfrin and the comparisons offered by the important hospitaller jurisdiction of Manosque, recently and notably studied, authorize an contribution over the role of the warrior brothers on the difusion on the juridical uses and on the social control. The people who ar e employed on the service of those small stately justices, the procedures used by the criminal justice, the repression of the ordinary delinquency that plagued those castra of the Low Provence and, ultimately, the limits opposed to the coercive power of the temple for the organization of the communities and for the reinforcement of the state were successively evoked. The operation, the desired ideals, just like the repressive action, do not show at all the specificity of the church's justice which wouldn't refuse the exercise of merum imperium and the application of the afflictive feathers. Centered over the 13th century, period of transaction on the history of procedure, these first observations would desire to be pursued for the two following centuries: the originality of the hospital's justice, with the establishment of a moral order, more than civic, would appear so much more that it would be necessary to evaluate the resistance of tho se landlords to the court re-conquests of the princely State.

Yankee Twang

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford R. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Western Music ◽  
Musical Life ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Musical Activity ◽  
Live Music ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Rich

Merging scholarly insight with a professional guitarist's keen sense of the musical life, this book delves into the rich tradition of country and western music that is played and loved in the mill towns and cities of the American northeast. The book draws on a wealth of ethnographic material, interviews, and encounters with recorded and live music to reveal the central role of country and western in the social lives and musical activity of working-class New Englanders. As the book shows, an extraordinary multiculturalism informed by New England's kaleidoscope of ethnic groups created a distinctive country and western music style. But the music also gave—and gives—voice to working-class feeling. Yankee country and western emphasizes the western, reflecting the longing for the mythical cowboy's life of rugged but fulfilling individualism. Indeed, many New Englanders use country and western to comment on economic disenfranchisement and express their resentment of a mass media, government, and Nashville music establishment they believe neither reflects nor understands their life experiences.

Economics and politics in 2019–2020: Global challenges and national answers

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Mau
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
National Security ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economics And Politics

The paper deals with the key challenges of global economy and their application to current Russian development. The main topics are the following: emerging etatism and populism, social and economic polarization, increasing role of national agendas versus the global one, domination of national security issues over economic policy, and the social and political consequences of technological shift towards digitalization. Prospects, character, and sources of future economic crisis are also under consideration. Global trends form the basis for the analysis of Russian economic policy.

scholarly journals The Role Of Euros In Eurozone Regionalism And World Globalization

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Gorjidooz
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Monetary Cooperation ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
Regional Strategies ◽  
The Social

The success of Eurozone regionalism is primarily based on the establishment of regional monetary cooperation that resulted in creation of the Euro. In addition, the development of regional strategies for increasing competitiveness of the region and the establishment of structural funds for assisting economic restructuring, solving the social problems, and reducing the differences in the social economic structure of the member countries helped Eurozone integrates fully with the global economy. Just as the Euro has successfully helped the processes of regionalism (globalization on a smaller scale) in Eurozone, a global currency would be necessary counterpart to the further globalization of world economies. As regional monetary cooperation was required in Eurozone for success of the Euro, a global monetary cooperation is needed for creation and success of a global currency. This paper explores the success of the Euro in Eurozone regionalism, the formation of a global monetary cooperation, development of a framework for currency fluctuations among main currencies (dollar, euro, and yen), and ultimately creation of global currency.

scholarly journals The inequality debate: the neglected role of residential sorting

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip S Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Location Decisions ◽  
Neighbourhood Effects ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
Residential Sorting ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
The Rich

One of the curious features of recent writing on income inequality is the scant attention paid to the geography of inequality, to the spatial separation of rich and poor. While it is recognised that social capital can be enhanced by residential sorting into more homogeneous groups, there is longstanding concern that this same residential sorting may exacerbate existing inequality by inhibiting the social mobility of the poor (Turner and Fortuny, 2009).  The perspective I want to advance here differs from the standard ‘neighbourhood effects’ literature by focusing not on those living in poor neighbourhoods, but instead on the benefits residential sorting may yield for the rich – the way in which location decisions redistribute income to the upper end of the income distribution and hence further income (and wealth) inequality. 

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