scholarly journals The problem of the settlement of the mountainous area of the Ukrainian Carpathians: contradictions of methodological approaches and interpretations

2018 ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Myroslav Dnistryanskyy ◽  
Natalia Dnistryanska
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
North West ◽  
The Social ◽  
Migratory Movement ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Migratory Movements ◽  
Traditional Economy

The most controversial questions in research of settlement problems of the Ukrainian Carpathians are settling time, the role of different migratory movements and ethnic composition of immigrants. Historical records show that until the XIII century there was not an overall network of settlements in the mountainous areas of the Ukrainian Carpathians. Nevertheless, on the eve of that time, the Ukrainians quite rapidly adjusted directly to the foothills, Transcarpathian ways, they created defensive points in the highlands and carried out various nature use. Considering the socio-economic and security needs of the population of ancient foothill areas main migratory movement coming from the plains to mountain rivers flow to their origins, including the territory of Transcarpathia and Carpathian and Volyn and Podillya. The similarity place names on both sides of the Carpathians Ukrainian Transcarpathian confirm the influence of colonization movements that have left their traces in the mountains. Various historical and ethnographic artifacts indicate an important role in the settlement of the Carpathian mountain region south of colonization, i.e. relocation to the region population from the territory on the border of the middle and lower Danube, historic Transylvania and Moldova during the XIII-XVI centuries, which in the Commonwealth and some other states politically identified as “land Wlachs”. The main component of ethnic-social colonization was humanity southern Slavic-Rusyn origin. Settling mountain areas of Ukrainian Carpathians influenced the formation of the social structure of Ukrainian society, particularly on the spread of Ukrainian gentry, which was originally founding villages and their families. Value of different groups of immigrants from the south, north, west and east, as well as instituting the characteristics of the traditional economy and traditional culture under various environmental conditions and led to the formation of ethnic groups of the Ukrainian Carpathians (Boyko, Lemko, Hutsuls). Key words: settlement of the Ukrainian Carpathians, South colonization, Ukrainian ethnographic groups, toponymy of the Ukrainian Carpathians, Transcarpathian relocation.

scholarly journals Buddhist Traditional Sangha of Russia in Socio-Cultural Processes Modern Buryatia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 381-399
Author(s):  
D. D. Amogolonova
Keyword(s):  
Social Basis ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
Individual Consciousness ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Traditional Economy

Using the example of Buddhism in Buryatia, the article examines the problem of the post-Soviet return of religion from the periphery to the center of socio-cultural processes. It is noted that this means their secularization in the sense of the active participation of the clergy in a variety of secular practices, including the spheres of economics, politics and ideology. The author pays attention to the identification role of religion, based on the definition of Buddhism as the main cultural marker of the region, contributing to the formation of a territorial cultural text, the involvement in which is felt by all residents of the republic, regardless of the declared religiosity. Based on many years of research, the author analyzes the qualitative changes in the activities of the Buddhist traditional Sangha of Russia, aimed at protecting the Buryat culture and traditional economy, which makes it enter into both dialogue and confrontation with the secular authorities of the republic. It is shown that in the conditions of high secularization of social and individual consciousness, the Khambo Lama and other clergymen see their task in the spiritualization of everyday practices through the preservation of the social basis of Buddhism, represented by rural Buryats.

Mental health recovery is social

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Holttum
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Main Component

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to summarise two 2014 research papers that highlight the role of social interactions and the social world in recovery in the context of mental distress. Design/methodology/approach – The author summarise two papers: one is about two theories from social psychology that help us understand social identity – our sense of who we are. The other brings together and looks at the similarities and differences between ten different therapies that can be called resource-oriented – that is, they focus on people's strengths and resources rather than what is wrong with them. Findings – The paper on social identity gives a convincing case for incorporating teaching about social identity – and the social groups to which people belong – into the training of mental health professionals. The paper on resource-oriented therapies suggests that social relationships are a main component of all ten therapies examined. This second paper suggested a need for more research and theory relating to resource-oriented therapies. Social identity theory could help address this issue. Mental health services may be able to help people more by focusing on their established and desired social identities and group-belonging, and their strengths, than is usual. Originality/value – These two papers seem timely given the growing recognition of the role of social factors in the development and maintenance of mental distress. More attention to social factors in recovery could help make it more self-sustaining.

scholarly journals The role of farm diversification and peasant habitus for farm resilience in mountain areas: the case of the Ötztal valley, Austria

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rike Stotten
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Farm Diversification ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social

PurposeBy examining a case study in Tyrol, Austria, the paper aims to demonstrate the role of farm diversification and the influence of the peasants’ habitus on social-ecological resilience.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on a field study conducted in two remote villages of the Ötztal valley, Austrian Alps, this study provides insights into the interplay of tourism and farming and its impact on farm resilience. Qualitative narrative interviews, the so-called farm biographies, served to investigate these issues. Interpretations of data are based on qualitative content analysis.FindingsThe results highlight that farming and tourism are highly enmeshed in the case study area and that the additional income creates room for manoeuvre for the farms to activate their adaptive capability. At the same time, peasant values guide the farming activities. The farms in this study demonstrate a strong farm resilience that is enabled by farm diversification and rooted in their peasant habitus. This positively affects the social-ecological resilience.Originality/valueIn contrast to other studies, which have mainly applied the concepts of social or community resilience to investigate the resilience and vulnerability of rural areas, this study highlights the resilience of farms in mountain areas.

scholarly journals The role of Euroregions and transborder collaboration in the functioning of the social space in Europe: an attempt of sociological analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
G. I. Shcherba ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Main Component

The article is devoted to the study of the role of euroregions and the specificity of the transborder and euroregional collaboration in the context of the functioning of the social space in Europe. The attention is paid to problems of the development of euroregions as the main component in the state’s support of the transborder collaboration.

Explaining Why People Move: Intra and Interdisciplinary Debates about the Causes of International Migration

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deniz Sert
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
International Labor ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Migratory Movements ◽  
Intervening Opportunities

International migration is widening, deepening, and speeding up as described within a set of theories that have been developed by different disciplines of science. The sociological theories of migration go back to the concept of intervening opportunities, which suggests that the number of migratory movements to a destination is directly proportional to the number of opportunities at that distance and inversely proportional to the number of intervening opportunities. Economic theories of migration, meanwhile, generally focus on international labor migration, while the geographical theories of migration concentrate on the role of distance in explaining spatial movements. Finally, socioeconomic theories of international migration are derived from a Marxist political economy emphasizing the unequal distribution of economic and political power in the global economy in a world where the rich are getting richer by exploiting the poor. Taken together, these theories explain the causes of proactive migration. However, the literature on the opposite scenario—reactive or forced migration—is also quite extensive, linking the issue to international security and human vulnerability, humanitarian intervention, and to the so-called “root causes” that underline the social and international forces that generated refugees. But these theories only tell part of the story, as migration is a dynamic phenomenon. Once it begins, international movement of people perpetuates across time and space, and the causes of these perpetual movements can be rather different from those that initiate them. As it evolves, it creates new conditions that become both the means and the ends of new migrations.

scholarly journals Introduction. Contemporary Literature in Times of Crisis and Vulnerability: Trauma, Demise of Sovereignty and Interconnectedness

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Silvia Pellicer-Ortín ◽  
Merve Sarikaya-Şen
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Trauma Studies ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Environmental Disasters ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Migratory Movements

The late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries have been dominated by multifarious crises that have given way to individual and collective wounds resulting from environmental disasters, exile and migratory movements, war, terrorism, radicalism and other disturbing historical episodes. Our main contention is that trauma and/or excessive exposure to vulnerable situations can be relieved thanks to diverse narrative practices. Accordingly, we explore the field of Trauma Studies since its emergence to its current evolution towards the vulnerability paradigm, examining the different meanings of vulnerability not only from the perspective of the life sciences but also from the social sciences and its application to the humanities. Then, we move on to the notion of resilience and how it can help us articulate and/or move beyond trauma and vulnerability. In keeping with this, considering the ethical and political relationality between the self and other, we highlight one’s tendency to be affected by the other’s wounds and vulnerability as well as the inevitability of interdependency and interconnectedness between people and non-human entities. Thus, we explore the role of literature in giving voice to the voiceless and to unheard experiences of suffering as well as in representing the demise of the sovereign self and the rise of human and non-human interconnectedness after being exposed to traumatic or disastrous events, as represented in contemporary literatures in English.

Religious and social commitment of the Bulgarian Roma migrants in Spain

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-241
Author(s):  
Magdalena Slavkova
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Social Commitment ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Migratory Movements

This paper is configured as an ethnographic discussion on the religious and social ties of different Roma/Gypsy communities from Bulgaria within their post-socialist labour migrations to Spain. It aims to add new fieldwork results and interpretations to the lacuna of studies on the interrelations between faith and migration. Most publications show the specificity of Roma economic activities in the context of their migratory movements, but the role of religious network and its social commitment is a less analysed issue. Roma migrants have different religious profile and are Orthodox Christians, Muslims, or Evangelical Christians. Bearing in mind the religious landscapes in Bulgaria and Spain, which are predominantly Orthodox or Catholic, respectively, all migrant workers have left from an Orthodox home country and settled in a Catholic destination country. The text examines Roma mobility from the early 1990s until today. While settling in Spain, Roma/Gypsies present themselves to Spanish people as ‘Bulgarians’ and they are often recognised by them in this way. In the period prior to Bulgaria’s accession to the European Union in 2007 most Roma migrants had no residence or work permits or neither. In some cases, they benefited from the services of the ‘Caritas’ Catholic organisation. However, they are not influenced by Catholicism as a faith and have only pragmatic aims in using its services. In this dynamic context, the social ties created on the basis of joining a particular religious community acquire importance for Evangelical believers, unlike the Orthodox Christians and the Muslims who rely on their family contacts mostly. Evangelical networks have a double accumulation effect and the believers employ both bridging and bonding social ties in producing their religious and social commitment. However, the social potential of the Evangelical networks is not fully used by Roma migrants in Spain.

Social Representations and Commitment

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Bonetto ◽  
Fabien Girandola ◽  
Grégory Lo Monaco
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
First Line ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bibliographic Search ◽  
English Articles

Abstract. This contribution consists of a critical review of the literature about the articulation of two traditionally separated theoretical fields: social representations and commitment. Besides consulting various works and communications, a bibliographic search was carried out (between February and December, 2016) on various databases using the keywords “commitment” and “social representation,” in the singular and in the plural, in French and in English. Articles published in English or in French, that explicitly made reference to both terms, were included. The relations between commitment and social representations are approached according to two approaches or complementary lines. The first line follows the role of commitment in the representational dynamics: how can commitment transform the representations? This articulation gathers most of the work on the topic. The second line envisages the social representations as determinants of commitment procedures: how can these representations influence the effects of commitment procedures? This literature review will identify unexploited tracks, as well as research perspectives for both areas of research.

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