8. Selfhood and personality

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-100
Author(s):  
Florian Coulmas
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Identity Crisis ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Specific Stage ◽  
Stage Directions ◽  
Fixed State ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ongoing Project

‘Selfhood and personality: the psychology of identity’ considers how psychology deals with the question ‘Who am I?’. Rather than a fixed state, personal identity is an ongoing project. The individual forms his or her identity by identifying with someone or something. Individuals who are unable to reconcile competing personal and social demands may suffer an identity crisis, an experience once associated with adolescence, which, however, in recent decades has been linked to mental troubles in adult life stages, too. Personal identity is something we are, something we have, and something we act. We perform acts of identity following culture-specific stage directions that leave room for individual expressivity.

DYNAMIC AND COMPETENCE ASPECTS OF THE MEDIA EDUCATIONAL CONCEPT OF DEVELOPING A PERSON’S READINESS FOR LIFELONG SELF-EDUCATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
S. V. Akmanova ◽  
L. V. Kurzaeva ◽  
N. A. Kopylova
Keyword(s):  
Informal Education ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Formal Training ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Educational Concept ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Competence Models ◽  
Scientific Achievements

The harmonious existence of the individual in the modern informational era, which is overly saturated with rapidly developing media technologies, is almost impossible without the developed readiness of the individual for lifelong continuous self-education. The formation and development of this readiness can begin during the formal training at the stage of higher education of the person and continue during informal education throughout his future life. Stages of socialization and professionalization of the person have a great influence on the level nature of this readiness. Based on scientific achievements in the field of self-education of university students, national and world media education, we developed dynamic and competence models of media educational concept of developing a person’s readiness for lifelong self-education. The concept demonstrates interconnection of these two models, as well as consistency with the previously developed normative model of developing this readiness.

scholarly journals Phenomenological approaches to personal identity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Čapek ◽  
Sophie Loidolt
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
The Self ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Social ◽  
Phenomenological Perspective ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Continental Tradition ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Temporal Becoming

AbstractThis special issue addresses the debate on personal identity from a phenomenological viewpoint, especially contemporary phenomenological research on selfhood. In the introduction, we first offer a brief survey of the various classic questions related to personal identity according to Locke’s initial proposal and sketch out key concepts and distinctions of the debate that came after Locke. We then characterize the types of approach represented by post-Hegelian, German and French philosophies of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. We argue that whereas the Anglophone debates on personal identity were initially formed by the persistence question and the characterization question, the “Continental” tradition included remarkably intense debates on the individual or the self as being unique or “concrete,” deeply temporal and—as claimed by some philosophers, like Sartre and Foucault—unable to have any identity, if not one externally imposed. We describe the Continental line of thinking about the “self” as a reply and an adjustment to the post-Lockean “personal identity” question (as suggested by thinkers such as MacIntyre, Ricœur and Taylor). These observations constitute the backdrop for our presentation of phenomenological approaches to personal identity. These approaches run along three lines: (a) debates on the layers of the self, starting from embodiment and the minimal self and running all the way to the full-fledged concept of person; (b) questions of temporal becoming, change and stability, as illustrated, for instance, by aging or transformative life-experiences; and (c) the constitution of identity in the social, institutional, and normative space. The introduction thus establishes a structure for locating and connecting the different contributions in our special issue, which, as an ensemble, represent a strong and differentiated contribution to the debate on personal identity from a phenomenological perspective.

scholarly journals Age-dependent intra-specific competition in pre-adult life stages and its effects on adult population dynamics

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-156
Author(s):  
RONGSONG LIU ◽  
GERGELY RÖST ◽  
STEPHEN A. GOURLEY
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Larval Competition ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Age Structured ◽  
Delay Differential ◽  
Boundedness And Persistence

Intra-specific competition in insect and amphibian species is often experienced in completely different ways in their distinct life stages. Competition among larvae is important because it can impact on adult traits that affect disease transmission, yet mathematical models often ignore larval competition. We present two models of larval competition in the form of delay differential equations for the adult population derived from age-structured models that include larval competition. We present a simple prototype equation that models larval competition in a simplistic way. Recognising that individual larvae experience competition from other larvae at various stages of development, we then derive a more complex equation containing an integral with a kernel that quantifies the competitive effect of larvae of ageāon larvae of agea. In some parameter regimes, this model and the famous spruce budworm model have similar dynamics, with the possibility of multiple co-existing equilibria. Results on boundedness and persistence are also proved.

The effects of metals on embryo-larval and adult life stages of the sea urchin, Diadema antillarum

2005 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.K. Bielmyer ◽  
K.V. Brix ◽  
T.R. Capo ◽  
M. Grosell
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Diadema Antillarum

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHILD

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 591-591
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dramatic Consequence

Deaths of infants and of their mothers may be the most dramatic consequence of ill health, but there are other serious consequences which affect the child and, indeed, may follow it throughout adult life. The damage done by infections and associated malnutrition to a young child in its formative years is manifested in retarded physical growth and mental development, which it may never be able to catch up on, thus impairing the potential for a full and active adult life. Poverty, ignorance, and ill health thus create a vicious cycle spanning from one generation to the next, and from which the individual has little chance of escape. A striking expression of this generation link is the frequency of "low birth weight" (LBW) babies, ie, babies weighing less than 2500 gm at birth. It is now known that this frequency is closely determined by the same adverse maternal and environmental factors which determine the nutritional status of the mother. It has also been observed in developed countries that the frequency is higher among mothers who smoke during pregnancy. About 21 million LBW (small for date) babies are born each year, the greatest majority of them in developing countries. The observed incidence rate ranges from about 4% in the most developed countries to over 30% in some poor rural populations. It is also known that LBW is the single most important factor determining the survival chances of the child. The infant mortality rate is about 20 times greater for all LBW babies than for other babies, and the lower the birth weight the lower is the survival chance.

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Change on Crop & Predict the Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 3063-3070
Author(s):  
Shraddha S. Garud
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Climate Influences ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The Individual

The prime need of this world is that the simplest agriculture which decides the event of each country because the survival of the individual is completely obsessed with farming and its best production. Climate changes are in response to changes within the hydrosphere, biosphere, and other atmospheric and interacting factors. Human activities driven by demographic, economic, technological, and social changes have a big impact on activity. The climate influences the incidence further as the temporal and spatial distribution of plant diseases. the foremost factors that control the growth and development of diseases are temperature, light, and water. Climate affects all life stages of the pathogen and host and poses a challenge to many pathosystems. The environmental change, especially when combined with the pathogen and host introductions, may cause unprecedented effects.

scholarly journals Dispersal across habitat boundaries: uncovering the demographic fates of populations in unsuitable habitat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan C. Szojka ◽  
Rachel M. Germain
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Probabilistic Process ◽  
Habitat Boundaries ◽  
Matrix Patch

AbstractPatchy landscapes are characterized by abrupt transitions among distinct habitat types, forcing species to cross habitat boundaries in order to spread. Since seed dispersal is a probabilistic process, with a kernel that decays with distance, most individuals will fail to reach new, suitable habitat. Although failed dispersers are presumed dead in population models, their demographic fates may not be so simple. If transient survival is possible within unsuitable habitat, then through time, individuals may be able to reach distant, suitable habitat, forming new populations and buffering species from extinction. In a fragmented Californian grassland, we explored the fates of individuals that crossed habitat boundaries, and if those fates differed among specialists dispersing from two habitat types: serpentine habitat patches and the invaded non-serpentine matrix. We surveyed the diversity of seedbank and adult life stages along transects that crossed boundaries between patches and the matrix. First, we considered how patch specialists might transiently survive in the matrix via seed dormancy or stepping-stone populations. Second, we investigated the dispersal of an invasive matrix specialist (Avena fatua) into patches, to assess if sink populations existed across the habitat boundary. We found that dormancy maintained populations of patch specialists deep into the matrix, as abundances of seedbanks and of adult plant communities differed with distance into the matrix. We found evidence that these dormant seeds disperse secondarily with vectors of material flows in the landscape, suggesting that they could eventually reach suitable patches even if they first land in the matrix. We found that A. fatua were largely absent deep in patches, where reproductive outputs plummeted and there was no evidence of a dormant seedbank. Our results not only reveal the demographic fates of individuals that land in unsuitable habitat, but that their ecological consequences differ depending on the direction by which the boundary is crossed (patch → matrix ≠ matrix → patch). Dormancy is often understood as a mechanism for persisting in face of temporal variability, but it may serve as a means of traversing unsuitable habitat in patchy systems, warranting its consideration in estimates of habitat connectivity.

Virtual Reality and Identity Crisis—

2011 ◽  
pp. 202-218
Author(s):  
Archana Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Identity Management ◽  
Identity Crisis ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Identity Statuses ◽  
The Social ◽  
Positive Meaning ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Individual

Identity has become one of the single most important issues for human development and adjustment in today’s turbulent times. Virtual world is changing the interface of identification and communication. Virtual reality has recently emerged as an effective tool to extend a healing space for an alternative identity. The focus of this chapter is on the challenges faced by the young generation, which is struggling to understand its “identity.” The exploration of identity in such virtual environments may be a search for a ‘unitary’ construct about the self (Erikson, 1968). In this paper, the concept of “identity” and “identity crisis” and the potential challenges identified in the real and virtual world are discussed at length. In today’s world people are pulled in different directions, thanks to the different kinds of societal demands from family, friends and society. It becomes difficult to find a uniqueness of one’s self and yet able to fulfill the norms and parameters set up by the society. Respect for diversity of self would go a long way in allowing people to be “uniquely themselves” while belonging to a community. Healthy “crisis” or exploration can afford people the opportunity to knowledgeably investigate choices in which there is positive meaning with regard to where they have come from, where they presently exist, and where they envision their future to be (International Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, 2008). An attempt to explore the identity management and identity statuses has also been made to understand “real” and “virtual reality.” Identity crisis and psychosocial moratorium’s linkage (Erikson, 1963) to virtual reality have also been touched upon. An understanding of organizational identity with the individual identity.

scholarly journals The Developmental Plasticity of Boldness and Aggressiveness in Juvenile and Adult Swimming Crab (Portunus trituberculatus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qihang Liang ◽  
Xianpeng Su ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Baishan Zhu ◽  
Mingdi He
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Portunus Trituberculatus ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Behavioral Syndrome ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Personality Classification ◽  
The Relationship

Boldness and aggressiveness are crucial behavioral traits in the field of animal personality, and both have important ecological and evolutionary significance. As swimming crabs (Portunus trituberculatus) are aggressive, their production is affected; thus, it is important to study their behavior. To assess the relationship between boldness and aggressiveness of male P. trituberculatus and the differences between their different life stages, we determined the individual differences in these two traits in juvenile and adult crabs under laboratory conditions. Based on the k-means cluster analysis, boldness of crabs is classified according to their rush to adventure, and aggressiveness of crabs is classified according to their aggressive behavior toward conspecifics. The results show that the personality classification of juvenile and adult crabs was consistent. Boldness was divided into three levels: bold, middle, and shy. Aggressiveness was divided into two levels: aggressiveness and non-aggressiveness. The personality of juveniles and adults P. trituberculatus males was significantly different; juveniles presented higher aggressiveness and lower boldness than adults. Additionally, a significant positive correlation between boldness and aggressiveness of adult crabs was verified (P = 0.001, ρ = 0.271). However, this correlation in juvenile crabs was not significant (P = 0.702, ρ = 0.042). These preliminary results indicate that the personality of P. trituberculatus males has developmental plasticity and adults have the boldness-aggressiveness behavioral syndrome.

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