A Man at Twenty, Aged at Twenty-Five: The Conscription Exam Age in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-437
Author(s):  
Sayaka Chatani
Keyword(s):  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
The State ◽  
Japanese Government ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Critical Moment ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Discursive Power ◽  
Scholarly Attention

Abstract In the early 1870s, when the Meiji Japanese government introduced the universal army conscription system, the age at which the conscription exam was administered, set at twenty, became a critical moment in people’s lives. Although the Japanese army itself has gained much scholarly attention, the arbitrariness of its age stipulation directs us to an underexplored yet critical intersection between society and the state. Age twenty reprogrammed the rhythms of rural farming life and redefined the meanings of masculinity and adulthood for people far beyond those actually drafted into the army. Politicians and youth themselves linked this calendar age to the future of Japan’s liberal democracy and the autonomous space free of bureaucratic intervention. The history of age twenty, which was all about translating fuzzy life stages into acutely clear calendar ages, reveals a moment in which people attempted to turn a cultural and discursive power into a form of authoritative power that lay beyond negotiation, even vis-à-vis the government itself.

scholarly journals NASIONALIS TANPA KEPARTIAN : DOKUMENTASI SEJARAH MENTERI BESAR TERENGGANU KELIMA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-186
Author(s):  
Kamarulzaman Mahmood ◽  
Muhamad Fazil Ahmad ◽  
Mohamed Anwar Omar Din
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
State Administration ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government

The State of Terengganu has a Law of Appointment of leaders that has been set. DYMM Sultan or menteri besar to be appointed must meet the conditions set out in the Law for the Government of Terengganu dated 2 November 1911 which is also known as ‘Itqan Al Muluk Bita’dil As-Suluk. Therefore, this paper aims to re-document the history of the fifth Terengganu Menteri Besar  Dato’Perdana Menteri Di Raja Dato Seri Setia Di Raja Haji Kamaruddin bin Haji Idris. This study was conducted qualitatively using Snowball Sampling Techniques to fifth Menteri Besar youngest son, Dato’ Haji Suhaimi bin Kamaruddin. The results of this study can contribute to the knowledge of the history of the Terengganu state administration and be a source of lessons for the leadership of the menteri besar today and in the future. Keywords: Terengganu Administration, Menteri Besar appointed by DYMM Sultan of Terengganu, history of Menteri Besar, administration, struggle of Menteri Besar of Terengganu   Abstrak: Negeri Terengganu mempunyai Undang-Undang Pelantikan pemimpin yang telah ditetapkan. DYMM Sultan atau Menteri Besar yang hendak dilantik perlulah memenuhi syarat yang ditetapkan dalam Undang Undang Bagi Diri Kerajaan Terengganu bertarikh 2 November 1911 yang turut dikenali sebagai ‘Itqan Al Muluk Bita’dil As-Suluk. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mendokumentasikan semula sejarah mengenai Menteri Besar Terengganu kelima, Dato’Perdana Menteri Di Raja Dato Seri Setia Di Raja Haji Kamaruddin bin Haji Idris. Kajian ini dijalankan secara kualitatif menggunakan Teknik Persampelan Bola Salji Secara Bertujuan terhadap anak bongsu tokoh iaitu Dato’ Haji Suhaimi bin Kamaruddin. Hasil kajian ini dapat memberi sumbangan kepada pengetahuan sejarah pentadbiran negeri Terengganu dan menjadi sumber iktibar bagi kepimpinan menteri besar pada hari ini dan pada masa akan datang.  Kata kunci: Pentadbiran Terengganu, Menteri Besar lantikan DYMM Sultan Terengganu, sejarah Menteri Besar, pentadbiran, perjuangan Menteri Besar Terengganu

The 1912 Duma Elections: The State, the Opposition and the Clergy

Orthodoxia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
F. A. Gayda
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Election Campaign ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Church

This article deals with the political situation around the elections to the State Duma of the Russian Empire in 1912 (4th convocation). The main actors of the campaign were the government, local administration, liberal opposition and the clergy of the Orthodox Russian Church. After the 1905 revolution, the “official Church” found itself in a difficult situation. In particular, anti-Church criticism intensified sharply and was expressed now quite openly, both in the press and from the rostrum of the Duma. A consequence of these circumstances was that in this Duma campaign, for the first time in the history of Russian parliamentarianism, “administrative resources” were widely used. At the same time, the authorities failed to achieve their political objectives. The Russian clergy became actively involved in the election campaign. The government sought to use the conflict between the liberal majority in the third Duma and the clerical hierarchy. Duma members launched an active criticism of the Orthodox clergy, using Grigory Rasputin as an excuse. Even staunch conservatives spoke negatively about Rasputin. According to the results of the election campaign, the opposition was even more active in using the label “Rasputinians” against the Holy Synod and the Russian episcopate. Forty-seven persons of clerical rank were elected to the House — three fewer than in the previous Duma. As a result, the assembly of the clergy elected to the Duma decided not to form its own group, but to spread out among the factions. An active campaign in Parliament and the press not only created a certain public mood, but also provoked a political split and polarization within the clergy. The clergy themselves were generally inclined to blame the state authorities for the public isolation of the Church. The Duma election of 1912 seriously affected the attitude of the opposition and the public toward the bishopric after the February revolution of 1917.

scholarly journals The History of Cultural Policy in Indonesia 1900s-2000s

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Wildan Sena Utama
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
The State ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

This book investigates how culture, particularly national culture, in Indonesia has been shaped by the government policies from the Dutch colonial period in 1900s to the Reformation era in 2000s. It is an attempt to show the relationship between the state and culture around the process of production, circulation, regulation and reception of cultural policy through different regimes. Although this book discusses government policy, the author has realized that the book needs to overcome contradictions and confusions of cultural discourse by incorporating people as explanatory element. Many aspect of culturality may be influenced by the state, but according to Jones, “it is a field that is not stable and easy to shift that facilitates resistance, and is able to turn against the state, market and other institutions” (p. 31). Jones employs two postcolonial cultural policy tools to review the history of cultural policy in Indonesia: authoritarian cultural policy and command culture. The first means that the state has assumption if majority of citizen do not have capability to inspirit a responsible citizenship and need a state’s direction in the choice of their culture. On the contrary, command culture shows that the cultural idea that is planned in fact always been placing the state as center in planning, creating policy and revising cultural practice.

scholarly journals Legal Status of the Immigration Bureau of Japan

2019 ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Karpova ◽  
K. A. Karpov
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
The State ◽  
Japanese Government ◽  
State Funding ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Migration Control ◽  
History Of

The paper is aimed at studying the features of the migration legislation of Japan and the study of the legal status of the immigration bureau of this state. Japan is a country that has passed a special path of historical development. In many ways, this specificity was due to the state policy of isolationism. The existing cultural traditions largely determine the attitude of the Japanese government to immigration. The paper studies the history of the formation of migration control authorities of the state in question, the peculiarities of the legal status of the Immigration Bureau of the Ministry of Justice of Japan and its structure, analyzes the powers of the Immigration Bureau employees. The paper also provides information on the size of the Immigration Bureau and state funding of the activities of this body.

Migration, Citizenship and Belonging in Hyderabad (Deccan), 1946–1956

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAYLOR C. SHERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Indian Diaspora ◽  
History Of ◽  
Princely State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
Foreign Birth ◽  
Scholarly Attention ◽  
The Way

AbstractWhilst the history of the Indian diaspora after independence has been the subject of much scholarly attention, very little is known about non-Indian migrants in India. This paper traces the fate of Arabs, Afghans and other Muslim migrants after the forcible integration of the princely state of Hyderabad into the Indian Union in 1948. Because these non-Indian Muslims were doubly marked as outsiders by virtue of their foreign birth and their religious affiliation, the government of India wished to deport these men and their families. But the attempt to repatriate these people floundered on both political and legal shoals. In the process, many were left legally stateless. Nonetheless, migrants were able to creatively change the way they self-identified both to circumvent immigration controls and to secure greater privileges within India.

The State and the Minority Group: Land Rights between the State and Kpaduma Indigenous Group in Abuja, Federal Capital Territory (fct), Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Seun Bamidele ◽  
Olusegun Oladele Idowu
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
The State ◽  
First Century ◽  
Forced Displacement ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
Indigenous Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

Abstract The politics of land rights and low or high intensity protest in the twenty-first century has produced several land-related protesters with a variety of strategies. This study focuses on the challenges of urbanization as it affects the Kpaduma community in Abuja, Federal Capital Territory (fct), Nigeria. Kpaduma, an indigenous group, has a history of protest at various times with the government over its ancestral land. The last protest in 2016 brought massive destruction of settlements and forced displacement. Quite a number of works have been written on the land protests, with particular reference to their causes and consequences. However, the post-protests situation, particularly regarding the tense relationship and urbanization process in the locality, is yet to be sufficiently explored. This study investigates the state of relations between the government and Kpaduma as well as the urbanization processes in the country’s capital after the forced displacement of Kpaduma.

Outposts of the Law: The Frontier and the Civil-Law Fringe

2019 ◽  
pp. 127-146
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
The State ◽  
American Frontier ◽  
Northwest Ordinance ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
New Nation

This chapter discusses the history of American frontier law. The new nation faced the problem of how to deal with the western lands. Some of the states had huge, vague, and vast claims to chunks of western land, stretching out far beyond the pale of settlement; other states did not. The Ordinance of 1787 dealt with the issue of governance and the future of the western lands. It set basic law for a huge area of forest and plain that became the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin. The Ordinance of 1790 extended the influence of the Northwest Ordinance into what became the state of Tennessee.

Government, Governance and Good Governance

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninad Shankar Nag
Keyword(s):  
Open Economy ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
The State ◽  
Legitimate Authority ◽  
Universal Model ◽  
Local Constraints ◽  
The People ◽  
Shared Space ◽  
The Government

It is proposed that government, being the tangible expression of the legitimate authority within an organised society, has undegone a long transformational journey since its very emergence. The various evolutionary forms and features of the government have been the product of its meaningful and viable responses to the changing expectations of the people as well as to the challenges they faced in an ever-changing environment. The exclusive domain of the state over the period became a shared space with inclusion of other actors and stakeholders, and an era of governance was ushered in since the 1980s. The much celebrated success of the liberal democracy and its market-led open economy heralded as an era of good governance. However, the universal model of good governance fails to take into account the local constraints of a society. Thus, the idea of good governance has to face various types of challenges in the developing as well as underdeveloped societies.

Survival and Abolition: The Eighteenth Century Paraguayan Encomienda

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Schofield Saeger
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
High Position ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Future ◽  
Short Run ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scholarly Attention

The history of the encomienda is an oft' told tale, although certain questions about the institution still provoke debate. Even the Paraguayan encomienda has received conscientious scholarly attention, most of which concentrates on the Habsburg period rather than the eighteenth century, when the institution had been eliminated in many areas.But in eighteenth century Paraguay the encomienda was still an important institution. Members of the provincial elite placed great value on its possession. Since high position in the province was synonymous with encomendero status, membership in the encomendero class was exceedingly important. The crown's decision to abolish the system in the 1770s had important consequences for the future of Paraguay. In the short run it meant a gain for royal interests; in the long run it spelled disaster for the Spanish crown.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document