Incidence Of Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli Among Infants At Eleyele Comprehensive Health Centre, Ile-Ife

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S134-S134
Author(s):  
K T Faseyi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Comprehensive Health ◽  
The Developed Countries

Abstract Introduction/Objective This work was carried out to find the incidence of enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli in children below five years of age who complained of having diarrhea at Eleyele Comprehensive Health Centre, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife. Methods All specimen were cultured as routinely done in Bacteriology Laboratory in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital for stool samples. Colonies of lactose fermenters were processed after overnight incubation at 37°c. Non lactose fermenter colonies were discarded. Out of 200 colonies isolates on MacConkey Agar, there were 150 lactose fermenters and these were all processed. Biochemical examination on sugars, for the production of acid and gas, indole production, motility, citrate utilization, voges-prokauer and Methyl red tests. Results Out of 150 strains, only 80 strains obeyed IMVic ++ -- reactions. These were serotyped to know the enteropathogenic strains. From the result obtained, 23 strains reacted positively with polyvalent antisera (Polyvalent 2, 3, 4 antisera) out of which 13 strains gave a positive reaction with corresponding monovalent antisera. 5 strains from polyvalent 2 antisera, 5 strains from polyvalent 3 antisera, and 3 strains from polyvalent 4 antisera. In close study of this work, total percentage of female with Diarrhea cases were 44.5% total percentage of male with diarrhea cases were 55.5%. Out of these 80, Escherichia coli were isolated, from these 13 enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains were isolated (16.25%). Patient with age group below 2 years gave 9 strains 69.2%, 2-3 years gave 2 strains (15.4%), 3-4 years gave 1 strain (7.7%) and 4-5 years gave 1 strain (7.7%). Also close examination of result revealed that male children had the greater percentage of Enteropathogenic infection with 8 strains out of the 13 strains serotyped (61.5%) and female children with 5 strains (38.5%). Conclusion Escherichia coli remain an important cause of infant diarrhea. Although epidemics of infant diarrhea caused by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli have almost disappeared from the developed countries, it is still very common in developing countries. The relative importance of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli as a cause of infant diarrhea need to be reassessed and new diagnostic techniques will also help to simplify this task.

Incidence of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli among Infants at Eleyele Comprehensive Health Centre, Ile-Ife, Osun State

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S130-S131
Author(s):  
Kayode Faseyi ◽  
Jaiyeola Onifade
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Comprehensive Health

Abstract Objectives This work was carried out to find the incidence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in children below 5 years of age who complained of having diarrhea at Eleyele Comprehensive Health Centre, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife. The work was also done to determine the incidence in different age groups of both sexes. Methods All specimens were cultured as routinely done at the bacteriology laboratory in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital for stool samples. Colonies of lactose fermenters were processed after overnight incubation at 37°C. Nonlactose fermenter colonies were discarded. Out of 200 colonies isolates on MacConkey agar, there were 150 lactose fermenters and these were all processed. The other 70, which were Gram-positive cocci, were discarded. These were subjected to biochemical examination such as treating them with sugars, for the production of acid and gas, indole production, motility with sugars, citrate utilization, Voges-Proskauer, and methyl red tests. Results Out of 150 strains examined, only 80 strains obeyed IMVic ++ -- reactions. These were serotyped to know the enteropathogenic strains. From the result obtained, 23 strains reacted positively with polyvalent antisera (polyvalent 2, 3, 4 antisera), of which 13 strains gave a positive reaction with corresponding monovalent antisera. There were five strains from polyvalent 2 antisera, five strains from polyvalent 3 antisera, and three strains from polyvalent 4 antisera. In close study of this work, total percentage of females with diarrhea was 44.5% while total percentage of males with diarrhea was 55.5%. Out of these 80, E coli was isolated, and from these, 13 enteropathogenic E strains were isolated (16.25%). Patient aged below 2 years gave nine strains (69.2%), aged 2 to 3 years gave two strains (15.4%), aged 3 to 4 years gave one strain (7.7%), and aged 4 to 5 years gave one strain (7.7%). Also, close examination of result revealed that male children had the greater percentage of enteropathogenic infection, with 8 strains out of the 13 strains serotyped (61.5%) and female children with 5 strains (38.5%). Conclusion E coli remains an important cause of infant diarrhea. Although epidemics of infant diarrhea caused by enteropathogenic E coli have almost disappeared from the developed countries, it is still very common in developing countries. The relative importance of enteropathogenic E coli as a cause of infant diarrhea needs to be reassessed and new diagnostic techniques will also help to simplify this task.

INNOVATIONS IN POLICY OF TEACHING AT THE UNIVERSITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF ACADEMIC REVOLUTIONS

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
University Education ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Third ◽  
Educational Processes ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Developed Countries

Categories of the academic revolutions and innovations in a perspective of educational policy at the higher school are considered. Special attention is paid to the development of innovations in training at the foreign and Ukrainian universities, since X1X of a century up to now. It is noted that agricultural, industrial, global, demographic and other revolutions created basis for the academic revolutions which resulted from transformations of society and caused innovations in higher education systems. The contribution of the academic revolutions in strengthening of role of the universities in society is confirmed. The major innovations in training stimulated university teaching throughout all academic revolutionary periods (after 1867, 1945, 1983) in developed industrial and developing countries, such as the USA, some states of the European Union and Ukraine. Emergence of innovations in policy of teaching at the universities during the first academic revolution, their modification during the second one, and new turns in transformation of innovations during the third academic revolution is investigated. Introduction of innovations in teaching differed in intensity and scale during the academic revolutions. On examples of teaching it is shown how political and ideological processes in society influenced functioning of the universities. An attempt to compare educational processes during three revolutions and to reveal the most innovational period was made. It is proved that innovations in training were implanted in three academic revolutions, the third one turned out to be the most innovative. The major innovations in policy of teaching were connected with the development of scientific and technical knowledge that contributed to the emergence of the information society. The developed countries offered the introduction of policy of cooperation in the higher education that made impact on innovations in university education. The Coronavirus pandemic of 2019/20 demonstrated the need to use various forms of Internet communications (Zoom, Google Classroom, Moodle, Whereby, etc.) to switch to new opportunities to teach students in higher education institutions around the world at the beginning of the XXI century.

Mortality of tetanus at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
F I Ojini ◽  
M A Danesi
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Medical Wards

Records of 349 tetanus patients, aged 10 years and above, admitted to the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, between 1990 and 1999 were reviewed. The male:female ratio was 1.98:1, and the ages were between 10 and 88 years, with a mean age of 29.8 years. The overall case fatality rate (CFR) of tetanus was 36.96% (33.19% for men and 44.44% for women). The CFR is similar to that previously reported in the hospital, but higher than that reported from Europe and North America. The lowest CFR was in the 10-19-year age group, and there was a trend towards increasing CFR with increasing age. Tetanus patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) had a significantly higher CFR than those in the medical wards. Unlike in developed countries, where management of tetanus in ICU has resulted in a decrease in CFR, the CFR of tetanus at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital has not significantly reduced over the years.

scholarly journals Differential Virulence of Clinical and Bovine-Biased Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 Genotypes in Piglet and Dutch Belted Rabbit Models

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 369-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smriti Shringi ◽  
Alexis García ◽  
Kevin K. Lahmers ◽  
Kathleen A. Potter ◽  
Sureshkumar Muthupalani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Shiga Toxins ◽  
Virulence Potential ◽  
The Developed Countries

ABSTRACTEnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coliO157:H7 (EHEC O157) is an important cause of food and waterborne illness in the developed countries. Cattle are a reservoir host of EHEC O157 and a major source of human exposure through contaminated meat products. Shiga toxins (Stxs) are an important pathogenicity trait of EHEC O157. The insertion sites of the Stx-encoding bacteriophages differentiate EHEC O157 isolates into genogroups commonly isolated from cattle but rarely from sick humans (bovine-biased genotypes [BBG]) and those commonly isolated from both cattle and human patients (clinical genotypes [CG]). Since BBG and CG share the cardinal virulence factors of EHEC O157 and are carried by cattle at similar prevalences, the infrequent occurrence of BBG among human disease isolates suggests that they may be less virulent than CG. We compared the virulence potentials of human and bovine isolates of CG and BBG in newborn conventional pig and weaned Dutch Belted rabbit models. CG-challenged piglets experienced severe disease accompanied by early and high mortality compared to BBG-challenged piglets. Similarly, CG-challenged rabbits were likely to develop lesions in kidney and intestine compared with the BBG-challenged rabbits. The CG strains used in this study carriedstx2and produced significantly higher amounts of Stx, whereas the BBG strains carried thestx2cgene variant only. These results suggest that BBG are less virulent than CG and that this difference in virulence potential is associated with the Stx2 subtype(s) carried and/or the amount of Stx produced.

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