scholarly journals Early life adversity due to bereavement and inflammatory diseases in the next generation – a population study in transgenerational stress exposure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronwyn K Brew ◽  
Cecilia Lundholm ◽  
Emma Caffrey Osvald ◽  
Georgina Chambers ◽  
A Sara Öberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Middle Generation

ABSTRACT Emerging evidence suggests trauma experienced in childhood has negative transgenerational implications on offspring mental and physical health. The objective was to investigate whether early life adversity experienced as bereavement is associated with chronic inflammatory health in offspring. The study population included three generations of Swedish families with a base population of 453 516 children (G3) born 2001-2012. Exposure was defined as the middle generation (G2) experiencing bereavement in childhood due to death of a parent (G1). Outcomes in G3 included two diagnoses of inflammatory diseases including asthma, allergic diseases, eczema, and autoimmune diseases. Survival analysis was used to identify causal pathways including investigation of mediation by G2 mood disorders and socioeconomic status. Results found that early-life bereavement experienced by women was associated with early-onset offspring asthma (Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.15, 95%CI: 1.08,1.28) and mediation analysis revealed that 28-33% of the association may be mediated by socioeconomic status and 9-20% by mood disorders. Early-life bereavement experienced by men was associated with auto-immune diseases in offspring (HR 1.31, 95%CI 1.06,1.61) with no evidence of mediation. In conclusion, adversity experienced early in life may contribute to an increased risk for inflammatory diseases which is in part mediated by mood disorders and SES.

scholarly journals Race, Adolescent Socioeconomic Status, and Lifetime Non-Medical Use of Prescription Painkillers: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12289
Author(s):  
Amy Ehntholt ◽  
Roman Pabayo ◽  
Lisa Berkman ◽  
Ichiro Kawachi
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The misuse of prescription painkillers is a major contributor to the ongoing drug overdose epidemic. This study investigated variability in non-medical use of prescription painkillers (NMUPP) by race and early-life socioeconomic status (SES) in a sample now at increased risk for opioid overdose. Data from two waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 11,602) were used to calculate prevalence of reported NMUPP by Wave 4 (2008; mean age 28), and to assess variation by race and by equivalized household family income at Wave 1 (1994/5). Predicted values for prevalence of NMUPP were modelled, adjusting for age, sex, parental education, and region. Race and SES in adolescence were associated with later reported NMUPP. A gradient was seen in prevalence by SES (adjusted: family income quartile 1 = 13.3%; quartile 2 = 13.8%; quartile 3 = 14.8%; quartile 4 = 16.0%; trend p-value = 0.007). Prevalence was higher among males. Racial/ethnic differences in prevalence were seen (non-Hispanic white (NHW) = 18.5%; non-Hispanic black (NHB) = 5.8%; Hispanic = 10.5%; Other = 10.0%). SES differences were less pronounced upon stratification, with trend tests significant only among females (p = 0.004), and marginally significant among Hispanic males (p = 0.06). Early-life SES was associated with reported lifetime NMUPP: the higher the family income in adolescence, the greater the likelihood of NMUPP by young adulthood. Variations in NMUPP by income paled in comparison with racial/ethnic differences. Results point to a possible long-enduring association between SES and NMUPP, and a need to examine underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals Pattern of Glucose Tolerance among Patients with Peripheral Spondyloarthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 773-777
Author(s):  
A T M Tanveer Hasan ◽  
Al-Mamun .
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
General Population ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Peripheral Spondyloarthritis

Peripheral spondyloarthritis is a variant of spondyloarthritis which usually has a chronic course. There is an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases among patients with chronic inflammatory diseases in general. Coexisting diabetes mellitus can potentially add to the risk. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of glucose intolerance in patients with spondyloarthritis The study was conducted among 35 participants with peripheral spondyloarthritis who visited the Department of Rheumatology, Enam Medical College & Hospital, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh from September, 2018 to January, 2020. The participants underwent either oral glucose tolerance test or estimation of HbA1C. The mean age of participants was 43.96 years. The majority (80%) of them were young to muddle-aged (≤40 years). 22.9% of the participants were prediabetic. Diabetes mellitus was found to be present in 37.1% of the participants. There was no significant difference between the study population and the general population in terms of frequency of prediabetes. But the frequency of diabetes in the study population was higher than that in the general population. There was no significant difference between males and females with regard to the frequencies of prediabetes and DM. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the frequencies of prediabetes and DM between young and middle-aged to elderly population. Considering the greater burden of DM among patients with peripheral spondyloarthritis across all age groups, routine screening for DM may be indicated in these individuals.

Inflammatory and Epigenetic Pathways for Perinatal Depression

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Garfield ◽  
Herbert L. Mathews ◽  
Linda Witek Janusek
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Perinatal Depression ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Depression during the perinatal period is common and can have adverse consequences for women and their children. Yet, the biobehavioral mechanisms underlying perinatal depression are not known. Adverse early life experiences increase the risk for adult depression. One potential mechanism by which this increased risk occurs is epigenetic embedding of inflammatory pathways. The purpose of this article is to propose a conceptual model that explicates the linkage between early life adversity and the risk for maternal depression. The model posits that early life adversity embeds a proinflammatory epigenetic signature (altered DNA methylation) that predisposes vulnerable women to depression during pregnancy and the postpartum period. As proposed, women with a history of early life adversity are more likely to exhibit higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines and lower levels of oxytocin in response to the demands of pregnancy and new motherhood, both of which are associated with the risk for perinatal depression. The model is designed to guide investigations into the biobehavioral basis for perinatal depression, with emphasis upon the impact of early life adversity. Testing this model will provide a better understanding of maternal depressive risk and improve identification of vulnerable women who would benefit from targeted interventions that can reduce the impact of perinatal depression on maternal–infant health.

scholarly journals Early-life cytomegalovirus infection is associated with gut microbiota perturbations and increased risk of atopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hind Sbihi ◽  
Karen Simmons ◽  
Malcolm Sears ◽  
Theo Moraes ◽  
Allan Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Allergic Sensitization ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Old Friends

Background: The ‘old friends’ hypothesis posits that reduced exposure to previously ubiquitous microorganisms is one factor involved in the increased rates of allergic diseases. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) may be one of the “old friends” hypothesized to help prevent allergic diseases. We sought to elucidate whether early-life CMV infection is associated with childhood atopy via perturbations of the gut microbiota. Methods: Participants were recruited from a population-based birth cohort (CHILD study) and followed prospectively until age five years in four Canadian cities. A total of 928 participants provided stool microbiome data, urine for CMV testing, skin-prick tests, and questionnaires-based detailed environmental exposures. CMV infection was assessed in the first year of life while the main outcome was defined by persistent sensitization to any allergen at ages 1, 3, and 5 years. Results: Early CMV infection was associated with increased beta and decreased alpha diversity of the gut microbiota. Both changes in diversity measures and early CMV infection were associated with persistent allergic sensitization at age 5 years (aOR= 2.08; 95%CI: 1, 4.33). Mediation analysis demonstrated that perturbation of gut microbial composition explains 30% of the association. Conclusions: Early-life CMV infection is associated with an alteration in the intestinal microbiota, which mediates the effect of the infection on childhood atopy. This work indicates that preventing CMV infection would not put children at increased risk of developing atopy. Rather, a CMV vaccine, in addition to preventing CMV-associated morbidity and mortality, might reduce the risk of childhood allergic diseases.

scholarly journals Early life adversity, dispositional mindfulness, and longitudinal stress experience during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Benz ◽  
Maria Meier ◽  
Ulrike U. Bentele ◽  
Stephanie J. Dimitroff ◽  
Bernadette Denk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Dispositional Mindfulness ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Stress Buffering ◽  
Psychopathological Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Experiencing severe or prolonged stressors in early life is associated with increased risk for mental and physical disorders in adulthood. Further, individuals who experienced early life stress (ELS) may use dysfunctional coping strategies like stress-related eating, in contrast to more beneficial stress buffering mechanisms e.g. based on mindfulness. Whether these mechanisms contribute to increased levels of perceived stress and symptoms of mental disorders in individuals with ELS in times of crisis is yet unclear. As part of a larger project, we assessed changes in perceived stress and psychopathological symptoms in a sample of N=102 participants (81% female; meanage=23.49, SDage= 7.11, range 18–62) from October/December 2019 (prior to the Covid-19 pandemic) to April/June 2020 (after the German government introduced Covid-19 related restrictions). Additionally, we assessed ELS and dispositional mindfulness.Perceived stress and depression significantly increased while anxiety levels decreased. No significant change was observed for somatization. ELS and dispositional mindfulness were not associated with change scores, but with perceived stress and psychopathological symptoms at both assessments. The increase in perceived stress during the pandemic in a majority of participants demonstrates the impact of the pandemic in the general population.

scholarly journals Parental socioeconomic position and chronic inflammation during adolescence

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Fraga ◽  
M Severo ◽  
E Ramos ◽  
M Kelly-Irving ◽  
S Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Early Life ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Socioeconomic Environment ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

Abstract Background Early life adversity has been associated with increased risk of inflammation and inflammation-related diseases in adulthood. This study aimed to examine the association of parental socioeconomic position with chronic inflammation over adolescence. Methods We used information on 2942 members (1507 girls and 1435 boys) of the EPITeen cohort that was established in 2003 in Porto, Portugal, and included 13 years old adolescents that were further evaluated at 17 and 21 years. Mother’ and father’s education and occupation were used as indicators of parental socioeconomic position. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured at three points in time (13, 17 and 21 years). CRP levels were categorized in tertiles separately for each wave; chronic inflammation in adolescence was defined as having CRP levels in the highest tertile in at least 2 waves and never in the lowest tertile. Results Over adolescence, the prevalence of chronic inflammation was significantly higher among participants with low parental socioeconomic position. Low parental socioeconomic position was associated with chronic inflammation in adolescence, after adjustment for sex, perinatal and physical environment factors, health-related behaviours and health status in adolescence OR = 1.63; 95%CI: 1.11, 2.40 for lowest vs. highest mother’s education and OR = 1.61; 95%CI: 1.12, 2.30 for lowest vs. highest father’s education. Conclusions Low parental socioeconomic position is associated with chronic inflammation during adolescence. Our results suggest that the early life socioeconomic environment has an impact on inflammatory processes over adolescence.

scholarly journals Factors associated with sepsis risk in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases receiving tumor necrosis factor inhibitors: a nationwide study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1759720X2092920
Author(s):  
Wen-Cheng Chao ◽  
Chen-Yu Wang ◽  
Bo-Chueh Hsu ◽  
Ching-Heng Lin ◽  
Wen-Nan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Background: Risk factors for sepsis have not been assessed in patients receiving tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors (TNFi) for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) who are vulnerable to serious/hospitalized infections. Methods: Data from 2003–2017 were obtained from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database to identify patients receiving TNFi, including etanercept, adalimumab, and golimumab, for IMIDs including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriasis (PsO), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), Crohn’s disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC). To investigate risk factors for sepsis, we used the Sepsis-3 definition and calculated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Cox regression analysis. Results: There were 17,764 patients (mean age 49.3 ± 14.3 years; females, 57.6%) receiving TNFi for IMIDs, including RA (58.6%), AS (19.1%), PsO (15.1%), PsA (2.5%), CD (3.0%), and UC (1.7%). The overall incidence rate of sepsis was 1088 per 100,000 person-years. After adjustment for potential confounders, recent sepsis within 3 months before TNFi initiation (HR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.73–3.20), CD (HR, 3.36; 95% CI 2.11–5.34; reference group: AS) and glucocorticoid use (prednisolone-equivalent dose, mg/day HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.05–1.06) were associated with the risk of sepsis. Intriguingly, golimumab users appeared to have a lower risk of sepsis compared with etanercept users (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.38–0.83). In addition, socioeconomic status, including urbanization level and insured amount, was associated with sepsis in a dose-response manner. Conclusions: Recent sepsis, CD, concomitant glucocorticoid use, and low socioeconomic status, which were associated with an increased risk of sepsis, are crucial for individualized risk management plans.

Prenatal and early-life predictors of atopy and allergic disease in Canadian children: results of the Family Atherosclerosis Monitoring In earLY life (FAMILY) Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Batool ◽  
P. L. Reece ◽  
K. M. Schulze ◽  
K. M. Morrison ◽  
S. A. Atkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Skin Prick Testing ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Life Study ◽  
The Family ◽  
Study Population

Prenatal and early-life environmental exposures play a key role in the development of atopy and allergic disease. The Family Atherosclerosis Monitoring In earLY life Study is a general, population-based Canadian birth cohort that prospectively evaluated prenatal and early-life traits and their association with atopy and/or allergic disease. The study population included 901 babies, 857 mothers and 530 fathers. Prenatal and postnatal risk factors were evaluated through questionnaires collected during the antenatal period and at 1 year. The end points of atopy and allergic diseases in infants were evaluated through questionnaires and skin prick testing. Key outcomes included atopy (24.5%), food allergy (17.5%), cow’s milk allergy (4.8%), wheezing (18.6%) and eczema (16%). The association between infant antibiotic exposure [odds ratio (OR): 2.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.45–2.88] and increased atopy was noted in the multivariate analysis, whereas prenatal maternal exposure to dogs (OR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.42–0.84) and acetaminophen (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.51–0.92) was associated with decreased atopy. This population-based birth cohort in Canada demonstrated high rates of atopy, food allergy, wheezing and eczema. Several previously reported and some novel prenatal and postnatal exposures were associated with atopy and allergic diseases at 1 year of age.

scholarly journals Early life adversity decreases pre-adolescent fear expression by accelerating amygdala PV cell development

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Manzano Nieves ◽  
Marilyn Bravo ◽  
Saba Baskoylu ◽  
Kevin G Bath
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Fear Learning ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Fear Expression

Early life adversity (ELA) is associated with increased risk for stress-related disorders later in life. The link between ELA and risk for psychopathology is well established but the developmental mechanisms remain unclear. Using a mouse model of resource insecurity, limited bedding (LB), we tested the effects of LB on the development of fear learning and neuronal structures involved in emotional regulation, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA). LB delayed the ability of peri-weanling (21 days old) mice to express, but not form, an auditory conditioned fear memory. LB accelerated the developmental emergence of parvalbumin (PV)-positive cells in the BLA and increased anatomical connections between PL and BLA. Fear expression in LB mice was rescued through optogenetic inactivation of PV-positive cells in the BLA. The current results provide a model of transiently blunted emotional reactivity in early development, with latent fear-associated memories emerging later in adolescence.

scholarly journals Emotional distress and quality of life in allergic diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-373
Author(s):  
Marcin Jarosz ◽  
Sadia Syed ◽  
Michał Błachut ◽  
Karina Badura Brzoza
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk

Emotional disorders accompany many somatic diseases, especially ones with severe or chronic course, and such are allergic diseases. Long-term course of the disease, the need for chronic treatment and repeated exacerbations as well as symptoms of depression or anxiety have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients, constituting a serious burden both from the point of view of the individual and the society. The data evaluating emotional disturbances and their impact on the quality of life in three atopic diseases: bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis and seasonal rhinitis were analysed. Mood disorders as well as mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol abuse are the most common psychiatric disorders observed in patients with bronchial asthma. There are data indicating a relationship between the occurrence of allergic rhinitis and mood disorders, anxiety disorders and suicidal tendencies. Atopic dermatitis is associated with an increased risk of depressive and anxiety disorders and sleep disorders, and in children with more prevalence of behavioral disorders. Most studies highlighted the relationship between emotional disorders and quality of life in the above-mentioned patient groups. In addition to physical ailments, patients suffering from allergic diseases also report emotional problems that can adversely affect the course of the disease, the treatment process, and reduce quality of life. Therefore, these patients require a holistic approach with a more accurate assessment of emotional disorders.

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