scholarly journals Chemerin as a Driver of Hypertension: A Consideration

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 975-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J Ferland ◽  
Adam E Mullick ◽  
Stephanie W Watts
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Blood Pressure Determination ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Collective Work ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract The protein chemerin (tazarotene-induced gene, TIG2; RARRES2) is a relatively new adipokine. Many studies support that circulating chemerin levels associate strongly and positively with body mass index, visceral fat, and blood pressure. Here, we focus on the specific relationship of chemerin and blood pressure with the goal of understanding whether and how chemerin drives (pathological) changes in blood pressure such that it could be interfered with therapeutically. We dissect the biosynthesis of chemerin and how current antihypertensive medications change chemerin metabolism. This is followed with a review of what is known about where chemerin is synthesized in the body and what chemerin and its receptors can do to the physiological function of organs important to blood pressure determination (e.g., brain, heart, kidneys, blood vessels, adrenal, and sympathetic nervous system). We synthesize from the literature our best understanding of the mechanisms by which chemerin modifies blood pressure, with knowledge that plasma/serum levels of chemerin may be limited in their pathological relevance. This review reveals several gaps in our knowledge of chemerin biology that could be filled by the collective work of protein chemists, biologists, pharmacologists, and clinicians.

scholarly journals Study of blood pressure in relation with age, sex and BMI in school going children of age group 5-15 years in Amalapuram, Andhra Pradesh, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1068
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar Sethi ◽  
Raghava Badabagni ◽  
Padmaja Sridevi Pabbineedi ◽  
Radhika Chennupati
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Relationship Of

Background: The measurement of blood pressure is an important component of routine Pediatric physical examination. Children with higher levels of blood pressure tend to maintain higher blood pressure levels in adulthood in comparison to their peer group. The aims and objectives of this study were to define the normal pattern of blood pressure and prevalence of hypertension in urban school children between the age group of 5-15 years and to evaluate relationship of blood pressure with variables such as age, sex, height, weight and BMI in Amalapuram, Andhra Pradesh.Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional observational study conducted from July 2016 to December 2018 in Department of Pediatrics, KIMS Amalapuram.Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension in the present study was 3.2%. Of these 16 children 11 were males amounting to 4.41% of total number of males and 5 were females amounting to 1.99% of total number of females. The prevalence of hypertension was more in the males. It was observed that there is not much increase in mean blood pressure up to 130 cms (both in males and females) and increased significantly and gradually in children above 130 cms of height. Blood pressure increases gradually and in a proportionate manner with increase in weight and BMI.Conclusions: Blood pressure is an important vital sign which reflects the integrity of the cardiovascular system, renal, endocrinal system and other systems in the body. Blood pressure of an individual varies with age, sex, height, weight and BMI. It also has a strong correlation with family history of hypertension. Thus, concluded that hypertension has its roots in childhood and early adolescence.

The love of a lifetime: 5-HT in the cardiovascular system

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (2) ◽  
pp. R252-R256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie W. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gastrointestinal Function ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Amino Acid Tryptophan ◽  
Induced Changes

Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] is an amine made from the essential amino acid tryptophan. 5-HT serves numerous functions in the body, including mood, satiety, and gastrointestinal function. Less understood is the role 5-HT plays in the cardiovascular system, although 5-HT receptors have been localized to every important cardiovascular organ and 5-HT-induced changes in physiological function attributed to activation of these receptors. This manuscript relates a few scientific stories that test the idea that 5-HT is important to the control of normal vascular tone, more so in the hypertensive condition. Currently, our laboratory is faced with two different lines of experimentation from which one could draw vastly different conclusions as to the ability of 5-HT to modify endogenous vascular tone and blood pressure. Studies point to 5-HT being important in maintaining high blood pressure, but other studies solidly support the ability of 5-HT to reduce elevated blood pressure. This work underscores that our knowledge of the functions of 5-HT in the cardiovascular system is significantly incomplete. As such, this field is an exciting one in which to be, because there are superb questions to be asked.

Claw disorders in dairy cattle – an unexpected association between energy metabolism and sole haemorrhages

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Wilhelm ◽  
Jürgen Wilhelm ◽  
Manfred Fürll
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Fat Thickness

The present study investigated whether changes of energy metabolism post-partum (pp) are associated with claw health. For this purpose, back-fat-thickness (BFT) was measured and blood samples were taken from 146 cows at four examination times. The serum levels of free fatty acids (FFA), ß-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and glucose were measured. Furthermore, in the first week postpartum (pp) and at 8 weeks pp, a claw trimming was done and the presence and extent of sole haemorrhages (SH) was recorded. Animals with high BFT at calving and therefore high fat mobilisation and whose FFA and BHB levels in the first week pp exceeded the reference values had fewer pathological changes of the claws than thinner animals whose FFA and BHB levels stayed within reference ranges. The body condition before calving, represented in this study by BFT, plays an important role in non-infectious claw disorders. Poorer body condition was found to be associated with the SH that develop in the first 2 months of lactation.

FLUID, ELECTROLYTE, GASTROINTESTINAL, AND HAIR CHANGES IN ADRENALECTOMIZED-SYMPATHECTOMIZED DOGS

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 983-992
Author(s):  
R. A. Cleghorn ◽  
J. L. A. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Five male dogs were adrenalectomized and sympathectomized and maintained by adrenocortical extract for periods of weeks to months. Their general behavior did not differ from those subject to adrenalectomy alone, but in three it was observed that the hair grew long and curly. In the other two a lesser change may have been missed. Following withdrawal of the hormone, death occurred rather suddenly in three, and adrenal insufficiency developed sooner in the other two than in dogs only adrenalectomized. Pathological changes in the gastrointestinal tract were qualitatively the same following death after hormone withdrawal in the adrenalectomized–sympathectomized animals and in dogs only adrenalectomized. Blood changes appeared to be no different in the two groups. The urinary changes with respect to water and electrolytes differed in that the sympathectomized group appeared to take in less water and excrete less urine, but to put out more sodium and chloride, in the few days following withdrawal of hormone. These findings are discussed in particular with respect to the relationship of adrenergic function of the sympathetic nervous system and hormones of the adrenal cortex.

scholarly journals Golden symmetry - an indicator of the norm and pathology of the human heart

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
Yu. S. Malov ◽  
A. N. Kuchmin ◽  
I. M. Borisov ◽  
A. M. Malova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Golden Ratio ◽  
Symmetry Transformation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Mechanical Activity ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The concept of norm is the key to biology and medicine. Recently, the norm has been associated with harmony. That which leads opposites to unity is harmony. It is closely related to the proportion of the golden ratio. The golden ratio is the basis of human health. Deviations from it can be used in medicine to diagnose pathological conditions. This fully applies to the work of the heart. The mathematical expression of harmony, symmetry is a method of assessing the norm of the heart. The golden proportion is manifested in the relationship of the temporal parameters of the cardiocycle, volumes of the left ventricle, types of blood pressure: pulse, diastolic, systolic. It was found that the golden proportions of systole, diastole and cardiocycle close to 0,382,0,618 are observed in men with a heart rate of 65 beats/min, in women - 55 beats/min. This mode of work of the heart corresponds to the rest of the body and is the norm. During physical activity, changes in the parameters of the cardiocycle occur (symmetry transformation). Violations of the golden relationship of the phases and the cardiocycle indicate damage to the heart. The magnitude of these deviations from the golden ratio depends on the severity of heart failure. Golden harmony in healthy people can be traced in the relations between the volumes of the left ventricle. These relationships are the ideal norm. Deviations in the relationship of volumes from golden ratio are a manifestation of pathology. Based on the principle of golden symmetry in healthy people, the normal EF is 623%, and not 50-80% as is accepted in practice. It is not an indicator of the norm. The mechanical activity of the heart is also determined by the laws of harmony. Pulse, diastolic and systolic blood pressure in healthy individuals are among themselves in the golden ratio (0,618). Violations of golden ratio are found in unstable forms of hypertension and damage to the heart muscle. Golden symmetry is the basis of the reference of the norm and the identification of pathologies of the human heart.

FLUID, ELECTROLYTE, GASTROINTESTINAL, AND HAIR CHANGES IN ADRENALECTOMIZED-SYMPATHECTOMIZED DOGS

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 983-992
Author(s):  
R. A. Cleghorn ◽  
J. L. A. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Five male dogs were adrenalectomized and sympathectomized and maintained by adrenocortical extract for periods of weeks to months. Their general behavior did not differ from those subject to adrenalectomy alone, but in three it was observed that the hair grew long and curly. In the other two a lesser change may have been missed. Following withdrawal of the hormone, death occurred rather suddenly in three, and adrenal insufficiency developed sooner in the other two than in dogs only adrenalectomized. Pathological changes in the gastrointestinal tract were qualitatively the same following death after hormone withdrawal in the adrenalectomized–sympathectomized animals and in dogs only adrenalectomized. Blood changes appeared to be no different in the two groups. The urinary changes with respect to water and electrolytes differed in that the sympathectomized group appeared to take in less water and excrete less urine, but to put out more sodium and chloride, in the few days following withdrawal of hormone. These findings are discussed in particular with respect to the relationship of adrenergic function of the sympathetic nervous system and hormones of the adrenal cortex.

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