Claw disorders in dairy cattle – an unexpected association between energy metabolism and sole haemorrhages

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Wilhelm ◽  
Jürgen Wilhelm ◽  
Manfred Fürll
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Fat Thickness

The present study investigated whether changes of energy metabolism post-partum (pp) are associated with claw health. For this purpose, back-fat-thickness (BFT) was measured and blood samples were taken from 146 cows at four examination times. The serum levels of free fatty acids (FFA), ß-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and glucose were measured. Furthermore, in the first week postpartum (pp) and at 8 weeks pp, a claw trimming was done and the presence and extent of sole haemorrhages (SH) was recorded. Animals with high BFT at calving and therefore high fat mobilisation and whose FFA and BHB levels in the first week pp exceeded the reference values had fewer pathological changes of the claws than thinner animals whose FFA and BHB levels stayed within reference ranges. The body condition before calving, represented in this study by BFT, plays an important role in non-infectious claw disorders. Poorer body condition was found to be associated with the SH that develop in the first 2 months of lactation.

scholarly journals Patterns of body condition use and its impact on fertility

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Savietto ◽  
S. Marono ◽  
I. Martínez ◽  
E. Martínez-Paredes ◽  
L. Ródenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Body Reserves ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Perirenal Fat

<p>A total of 60 nulliparous crossbred rabbit females were, a posteriori, divided into 2 experimental groups according to their natural “decision” to conceive or not at day 11 post first parturition (L: solely-lactating or LP: lactating-pregnant). This design allowed us to study the evolution of body reserves around first parturition and its influence on the future reproductive success of rabbit females. Primiparous rabbit females that failed to conceive when inseminated at day 11 post-partum (L) seemed to have a higher perirenal fat thickness (PFT) 12 d pre-partum (+0.25 mm; P=0.079) than females that conceived (LP). In the subsequent days, L females showed a significantly higher mobilisation rate than LP females (on av.–0.12 and –0.07 mm of PFT per day, respectively; P=0.007), reaching a lower PFT at partum (5.17 mm vs. 5.62 mm, respectively; P = 0.002). However, due to a greater recovery rate observed in L females (+0.15 vs. +0.08 mm of PFT per day for L and LP females, respectively; P=0.007), PFT at 10 d post-partum was similar (on av. 5.86 mm). These different patterns showed that PFT level at 12 d pre-partum and PFT mobilisation rate onwards seems to drive the start of a new pregnancy. It also seems to modify the energy metabolism of rabbit females, allowing does to recover perirenal fat tissue without compromising the production of milk necessary for the current litter.</p>

scholarly journals Age-Specific Reference Ranges of Prostate-Specific Antigen among Saudi Men as a Representation of the Arab Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny Munther Rabah ◽  
Karim Hamda Farhat ◽  
Mohamed Abdullah Al-Atawi ◽  
Mostafa Ahmed Arafa
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Arab Population ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Sugar Levels

Objective: To describe the reference ranges of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in Saudi men. Materials/Subjects and Methods: Saudi males, aged 30 and above, were invited to participate in the study. Blood samples were taken from each subject to determine serum levels of PSA. Blood sugar levels, lipid profile, and anthropometric measurements were also obtained. Results: Our cohort consisted of 7,814 men; their mean PSA level was 1.24 ng/mL. The majority (90.5%) had PSA values between 0 and 2.5 ng/mL. The median PSA and the 95th percentile increased steadily with age. There was a sharp increase in the 95th percentile, from 3.8 ng/mL in men between 60 and 70 years old to 6.9 ng/mL in men over 71 years old. The 95th percentiles of PSA serum levels were lower in Saudi men than in the general population. Conclusions: PSA serum levels in Saudi men are lower than in other communities. Creating age-specific reference ranges could improve the sensitivity of the PSA tests by allowing the detection of treatable tumors in younger men if the threshold of 4.0 ng/mL is lowered. Furthermore, unnecessary biopsies among older men may be avoided if the threshold is increased.

scholarly journals Relationship between body weight and leptin concentrations in mink dams and the birth parameters of kits

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 755-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Bryl ◽  
Hanna Bis-Wencel ◽  
Brygida Ślaska ◽  
Bożena Nowakowicz-Dębek ◽  
Zbigniew Bełkot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the leptin concentration and body weight of mink females on the birth parameters of their kits. Blood samples were collected 3 times during preparation for reproduction, 7±2 days before mating. Total leptin concentration in serum was measured using commercial RIA kits (Millipore, St. Charles, Missouri USA). Research was conducted on 20 clinically healthy scanbrown female minks (Neovison Vison) aged 2-3 years. To evaluate their body condition, the females were divided into two groups based on the BCS scoring system. In the first group, referred to as BCS 2, lean females were included, and the second group (BCS 4) consisted of obese females. In mink dams belonging to BCS 2, the average leptin values were one-fourth of those in the BCS 4 group. The results obtained indicate the influence of the body mass of minks during preparation for reproduction on serum leptin concentration. The results of the Mann-Whitney U test showed a statistically significant difference between weights and leptin concentrations in groups BCS 2 and BCS 4. Among the other traits, such differences were not found. The analysis of results obtained in the two mink groups did not reveal a clear relationship between leptin in the serum of mothers before mating and the birth parameters of their kits.

Effects of body condition, food intake and temporary calf separation on the duration of the post-partum anoestrous period and associated LH, FSH and prolactin concentrations in beef cows

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Wright ◽  
S. M. Rhind ◽  
A. J. F. Russel ◽  
T. K. Whyte ◽  
Alison J. McBean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Condition Score

ABSTRACTAn experiment was conducted to examine factors affecting the length of the post-partum anoestrous period and associated effects on LH, FSH and prolactin. Forty-six cows (24 Hereford × Friesian and 22 Blue-Grey) ranging in body condition score at calving from 1·50 to 2·75 were used. They were individually fed chopped barley straw and concentrate at either 50 (low) or 91 (high) MJ metabolizable energy per day from calving. At 34 days post partum half the cows were separated from their calves for 48 h. The duration of the post-partum anoestrous period was estimated from progesterone concentrations in thrice weekly blood samples. Blood samples were collected every 20 min for 10 h periods immediately prior to calf separation, during the last 10 h of calf separation and 1 week later. All samples were analysed for LH, and every third sample was analysed for FSH and prolactin.There were no significant effects of genotype, feeding level or calf separation on the length of the post-partum anoestrous period. There was a negative association between body condition score at calving and the length of the anoestrous period, with each unit increase in body condition score reducing the anoestrous period by 43 (s.e. 20) days. There was some evidence that feeding level affected the number of thin cows (body condition score ≤2·25 at calving) which were still acyclic at the end of the experiment, but not the number of fat cows (body condition score ≥2·5 at calving).FSH levels were not affected by any of the factors examined. Prolactin concentrations were higher in fatter cows, in cows on the higher level of feeding and in Blue-Grey cows. Prolactin concentrations decreased during the period of calf separation. Genotype and feeding level had no effect on LH concentration or LH pulse frequency. LH pulse frequency was increased (P < 0·05) during the period of calf separation, but there was no effect 1 week later. There was a significant positive relationship between LH puise frequency and body condition score at calving in two of the three sampling periods.It is suggested that the effect of body condition on the duration of the post-partum anoestrous period i s mediated through effects on LH pulse frequency.

scholarly journals Discrimination study between the carcass and non-carcass components for interaction between gender, age, and production system in indigenous sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 3931-3946
Author(s):  
Poliana Campos Burin ◽  
◽  
Jessica de Oliveira Monteschio ◽  
Ariadne Patrícia Leonardo ◽  
Marcio Rodrigues de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Tissue Composition ◽  
Indigenous Sheep ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Ad Libitum

The objective of this work was to evaluate the yields, morphometric measures, carcass, and non-carcass components, and carcass regional and tissue composition of an indigenous sheep (Pantaneiro) of different physiological stages (gender, age, system production. Thirty sheep, eleven lambs, nine wethers, and ten cull ewes were used. The lambs were finished in feedlots, the wethers were maintained on pastures and supplementation, and the cull ewes were maintained on an extensive pasture system with mineral salt ad libitum. Slaughter ages were defined to simulate the most representative products and farming systems. Animals were slaughtered and classified as non- castrated lambs, wethers, and cull ewes. The criteria to slaughter lambs and wethers were the body condition, which ranged from 2.5 to 3.0. Cull ewes were slaughtered based on negative pregnancy diagnosis, regardless of their body condition, which ranged from 4.0 to 4.5. All animals were slaughtered after 16-hours of fasting (solids). The ewes presented the greatest fat thickness, differing significantly from the lambs. The morphometric measures were higher in ewes and lambs. The muscle to fat ratio of the animal’s cuts from different physiological stages presented no significant differences. The indigenous Pantaneiro sheep have good potential for meat production regardless of their physiological stages. The ewes stood out, presenting carcasses with good performance considering their potential and longer permanence in the herd due to their reproductive function.

scholarly journals Dietary Polysaccharide from Enteromorpha clathrata Attenuates Obesity and Increases the Intestinal Abundance of Butyrate-producing Bacterium, Eubacterium xylanophilum, in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3286
Author(s):  
Jiali Wei ◽  
Yiran Zhao ◽  
Chen Zhou ◽  
Qing Zhao ◽  
Hongqian Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Previous studies have suggested that polysaccharide from Enteromorpha clathrata (ECP) could be used as a potential prebiotic to treat dysbiosis-associated diseases. However, whether it has any therapeutic effects on obesity has not been investigated. In the present study, we explored the anti-obesity effect of ECP and illustrated that it can significantly reduce the body weight and decrease the serum levels of triacylglycerol and cholesterol in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. As revealed by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analysis, HFD remarkably changed the composition of the gut microbiota and promoted the growth of opportunistic pathogens such as Mucispirillum, Desulfobacterota and Alphaproteobacteria in obese mice. Interestingly, ECP improved intestinal dysbiosis caused by HFD and reshaped the structure of the gut microbiota in diseased mice by increasing the abundance of butyrate-producing bacterium, Eubacterium xylanophilum, in the gut. Altogether, we demonstrate for the first time an anti-obesity effect of ECP and shed new light into its therapeutic mechanisms from the perspective of gut microbiota. Our study will pave the way for the development of ECP as new prebiotic for the treatment of obesity and its associated disorders.

scholarly journals Adding wheat to a pre-partum diet of Holstein cows favours post-partum protein utilization and benefits calcium status

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-599
Author(s):  
H.M. Alamouti ◽  
H. Amanlou ◽  
K. Rezayazdi ◽  
M. Vazirigohar ◽  
M.Z. Ihsan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Condition Score

This study evaluated the effects of replacing corn with wheat on the lactation performance, ruminal fermentation, plasma metabolites and hormonal profiles of multiparous Holstein cows. Thirty-four multiparous cows were divided into two equal groups, based on parity, body condition score, and bodyweight. The basal diet was supplemented with 186 g/kg corn or wheat, and was offered from day -28 (±7) relative to the date of expected calving. After calving, all cows received the same diet for four weeks (day +28). The wheat diets increased (P <0.05) the body condition score in the peri-parturient period and caused greater changes in dry matter intake and bodyweight post-partum, with no differences in energy balance compared with the corn diets. Further, the wheat increased (P <0.05) the concentration of propionate in the rumen, thus reducing the ratio of acetate to propionate, and produced (P <0.05) more milk and milk protein, but had reduced levels of urea nitrogen in the milk and serum. Similarly, the wheat diets increased (P <0.05) the plasma concentrations of albumin and glucose, and reduced (P <0.05) triglycerides with no effect (P >0.10) post partum on insulin, cortisol, β-hydroxybutyric acid and aspartate aminotransferase. The replacement of corn with wheat increased (P <0.05) plasma calcium and reduced non-esterified fatty acids around calving (day 0±1) and post-partum (days 0 to +28), and reduced urinary pH during the last week relative to the date of expected calving.Keywords: calving, energy balance, grain source, peri-parturient period

scholarly journals Chemerin as a Driver of Hypertension: A Consideration

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 975-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J Ferland ◽  
Adam E Mullick ◽  
Stephanie W Watts
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Blood Pressure Determination ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Collective Work ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract The protein chemerin (tazarotene-induced gene, TIG2; RARRES2) is a relatively new adipokine. Many studies support that circulating chemerin levels associate strongly and positively with body mass index, visceral fat, and blood pressure. Here, we focus on the specific relationship of chemerin and blood pressure with the goal of understanding whether and how chemerin drives (pathological) changes in blood pressure such that it could be interfered with therapeutically. We dissect the biosynthesis of chemerin and how current antihypertensive medications change chemerin metabolism. This is followed with a review of what is known about where chemerin is synthesized in the body and what chemerin and its receptors can do to the physiological function of organs important to blood pressure determination (e.g., brain, heart, kidneys, blood vessels, adrenal, and sympathetic nervous system). We synthesize from the literature our best understanding of the mechanisms by which chemerin modifies blood pressure, with knowledge that plasma/serum levels of chemerin may be limited in their pathological relevance. This review reveals several gaps in our knowledge of chemerin biology that could be filled by the collective work of protein chemists, biologists, pharmacologists, and clinicians.

scholarly journals TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF MARICH (PIPER NIGRUM LINN.) ON EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF HIGH FAT DIET INDUCED OBESITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Bomble Rajashri ◽  
Deshpande Mansi ◽  
Sawant Vidya
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Model ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Modern World ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

As per today’s modern world unhealthy and stressful life style and wrong eating habits have lead to a deadly condition which effects our healthy well being and becomes a cause for various disease which effects the longevity of life, yes it is nothing else than Obesity called as Sthoulya in Ayurved. Marich is responsible for destroying Visha, Jantu, Kapha, and Vata from body. It is useful in scraping Kapha from the body. Aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of Marich Churna in experimental model of high fat diet induced obesity. The experimental study was carried out for 42 days. In which for the first 21 days, the obesity was induced by creating high fat induced obesity experimental model of Wistar rats male, which was further treated for next 21 days with three different test drug dosage of Marich (A), of 90mg/kg., Marich (B) of 180mg/kg and Marich (C) of 270mg/kg were used. For obesity induction Vanaspati Ghee (Dalda) and coconut oil (Parachute) was used in which daily pellets were soaked overnight. The weight was recorded on weekly basis where as the blood samples were collected on 0, 21 and 42 days respectively. Standard Drug Atorvastatin was used. The blood samples were sent for histopathological results and the statistical analysis was done with Annova method. Obesity was induced till day 21 and again was reduced satisfactorily by Marich group (A) and group (C ) showed maximum satisfactory results with histopathological changes. Marich has anti-obesity potential. According to variation of dose the results have significant changes.

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