scholarly journals Control of Fall Armyworm Larvae with Beauveria Bassiana Fungus, 1996

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 325-325
Author(s):  
James A. Reinert ◽  
Steven J. Maranz ◽  
T. A. Knauf ◽  
B. R. Wiseman
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Wetting Agent ◽  
Respective Treatment ◽  
Filter Papers ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Common Bermudagrass ◽  
Good Coverage

Abstract Larvae of the fall armyworm annually cause damage to most of the warm-season turfgrasses. Terminal stolons of common bermudagrass were dipped in the appropriate dilutions of BioCide-TRF™ (Mycotrol GH-ES) Beauveria bassiana (2.0 X 1013 conidia/qt), and placed on two water-saturated filter papers (for constant humidity) in each feeding chamber in the lab. Three randomly selected 5-d-old larvae were introduced into each 9-cm-diam. x 15-mm-deep plastic feeding chambers labeled for the respective treatment in a RCB design with 7 reps. Silwet (0.04%) was added to each treatment as a wetting agent to ensure good coverage. Treatments were observed daily for mortality.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Beauveria Bassiana Fungus for Boxelder Bug Adult Control, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 418-419
Author(s):  
James A. Reinert ◽  
Steven J. Maranz ◽  
T. A. Knauf
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wetting Agent ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Adult Control ◽  
Filter Papers ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Good Coverage

Abstract Boxelder bug is an annual house-hold nuisance pest which leaves its host plant in late fall to seek overwintering sites in and around buildings. It is a pest from coast to coast in the United States and southern Canada. Adults for the study were collected from a heavy seeding big-toothed maple in the landscape at Texas A&M Univ. Res. & Ext. Ctr., Dallas, TX. A maple leaf and 3 seeds as food were dipped in the appropriate dilutions of BioCide-TRFTm (Mycotrol GH-ES) Beauveria bassiana (2.0 X 1013 conidia/qt), and placed on two water saturated filter papers (for high humidity) in each feeding chamber in the lab. Five randomly selected adults were introduced into each 9 cm diam X 15 mm deep plastic feeding chambers labeled for respective treatments in a RCB design with 6 replica-tions. Silwet (0.04%) was added to each treatment as a wetting agent to ensure good coverage. The bugs exposed to different treatments were observed daily for mortality; all dead insects were held for several days to confirm the fungus activity indicated by an expression of mycelia from the joints of dead insects.

scholarly journals Bioassay, Laboratory Tests of Beauveria Bassiana, Bacillus Thuringiensis, and a Feeding Stimulant on Leafroller Larvae, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 349-349
Author(s):  
J. F. Brunner ◽  
M. D. Doerr ◽  
L. O. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Wetting Agent ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Feeding Stimulant ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Extension Center ◽  
Leaf Disks

Abstract Beauveria bassiana (Naturalis-L), two B. thuringiensis products (Dipel and Troy Bt), and a feeding stimulant (Konsume) combined with a B. thuringiensis product were evaluated using a leaf-dip bioassay method for their effect on PLR and OBLR larvae. Treatments were prepared by diluting the appropriate amt of product (see table) in 500 ml water in a glass beaker. The Konsume treatments received a constant 1X rate of Dipel and 4X-0.25X rates of Konsume. A small amt (about 2 ml) of wetting agent, X-77®, was added to each treatment. An untreated control was prepared using water plus the wetting agent only. Untreated apple leaves were collected from ‘Red Delicious’ trees at the WSU Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Wenatchee. Leaves were dipped, then allowed to dry. Two punches (2.3 cm diameter) were taken from each leaf. Four punches were placed in a petri dish (Falcon 1006, 50 × 9 mm). Petri dishes were chosen randomly, and five 1- to 2-d-old leafroller larvae were placed on the leaf disks. The petri dish lid was put in place and dishes were placed inside a food storage container and kept at 75°F (± 2°F) constant temperature and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. Petri dishes were examined after 7 d and larval survival recorded. Ten dishes were used for each treatment (50 larvae per treatment).

Integrated Effects of Host Resistance and Insecticide Concentration on Survival of and Turfgrass Damage by the Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Braman ◽  
R. R. Duncan ◽  
W. W. Hanna ◽  
M. C. Engelke
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Lower Survival ◽  
Case Evaluation ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Insecticide Concentration

The residual activity of six concentrations of chlorpyrifos, spinosad, and halofenozide on fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), as mediated by five warm-season turfgrass cultivars expressing varying levels of genetic resistance was evaluated in greenhouse trials. Similarly, varying concentrations of halofenozide were applied to six turfgrass cultivars in the field; mortality of neonate and third-instar fall armyworms was assessed. Reduced rates of chlorpyrifos resulted in lower fall armyworm survival on resistant zoysiagrass cultivars relative to that on bermudagrass or paspalum. In a separate trial when treated with spinosad, survival on the same zoysiagrasses was equal to or greater than that on more susceptible bermuda or paspalum. Reduced rates of halofenozide in another greenhouse trial resulted in lower survival on resistant zoysiagrasses at some concentrations at 7, but not at 14, days exposure compared to more susceptible grasses. In the field, at the full labeled rate of halofenozide, 100% mortality was observed regardless of turfgrass cultivar. Larval survival on the most susceptible turf, “TifEagle”, was higher than that on the remaining turf cultivars at the intermediate rate applied. Larvae exposed to treated turf as third instars displayed a trend toward greater survival at intermediate rates on the two paspalums, “Sea Isle 1” and 561-79, while a trend toward lower survival was observed on “Palisades” and “Cavalier” zoysiagrasses. Factors potentially contributing to the variation in responses observed in the present study include different modes of action of insecticides, host plant resistance mechanisms, differential foliar consumption rates and insecticide dose in relation to body weight. Development of management guidelines for pest management practitioners must address the complexity of potential interactions and may require “case by case” evaluation.

Susceptibility of Zoysiagrasses to the Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
S. Nair ◽  
S.K. Braman ◽  
P. Raymer
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Zoysia Matrella ◽  
Developmental Parameters ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Growth and developmental parameters of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), were evaluated on 41 new zoysiagrass taxa (Zoysia spp. Willd.), which belong to an increasingly popular group of warm-season turfgrasses, in comparison with 5 commercially available zoysiagrass taxa and 1 known susceptible Paspalum L. taxon. Results from two no-choice growth chamber trials indicated that the new Zoysia japonica Steud. taxa were unfavorable for the development of fall armyworm larvae in general compared with the susceptible Paspalum taxon. This was evidenced by significantly lower larval and pupal weights and survival and longer time to pupation and adult emergence, pointing to antibiosis in these zoysiagrass taxa. The new Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr., Zoysia macrostachya Franch. & Sav., and Zoysia sinica Hance taxa seemed more favorable than Z. japonica taxa, as evidenced by numerically higher larval and pupal weights and survival and shorter duration to pupation and adult emergence. Taxa that consistently showed low larval survival were identified for further testing.

Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Control with Topramezone and Triclopyr

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Brosnan ◽  
Gregory K. Breeden
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Common Bermudagrass ◽  
To Receive

Common bermudagrass is a problematic weed within tall fescue turfgrass. Field research was conducted from 2010 to 2012 in Knoxville, TN, evaluating the efficacy of sequential applications of topramezone (12.5 and 25 g ha−1), triclopyr (1,120 g ha−1), and mixtures of topramezone + triclopyr for bermudagrass control in tall fescue turf. Sequential applications of fenoxaprop + triclopyr (100 + 1,120 g ha−1) were included for comparison. Three applications of each treatment were applied at 21-d intervals during July, August, and September of 2010 and 2011. Plots were stripped to receive tall fescue interseeding at 0 or 490 kg ha−1 during September 2010 and 2011. Bermudagrass control with topramezone + triclopyr mixtures was greater than topramezone or triclopyr applied alone 14 wk after initial treatment (WAIT) each year. In the second year of this study, topramezone + triclopyr mixtures controlled bermudagrass 27 to 50% compared to 27% for fenoxaprop + triclopyr by 52 WAIT. However, bermudagrass control with topramezone + triclopyr mixtures increased to 88 to 92% by 52 WAIT when accompanied with tall fescue interseeding at 490 kg ha−1. Future research should evaluate effects of interseeding on the efficacy of different herbicides for weed control in cool- and warm-season turf.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Turfgrass Selections for Resistance to Fall Armyworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1268-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Braman ◽  
R.R. Duncan ◽  
M.C. Engelke
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Pasture Grasses ◽  
Eremochloa Ophiuroides ◽  
Common Bermudagrass ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Turfgrass selections including 21 paspalums (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) and 12 zoysiagrasses (Zoysia sp.) were compared with susceptible `KY31' tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and more resistant common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon Pers.) and common centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.) Hack] for potential resistance to fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)], an occasionally serious pest of managed turf. Turfgrass and pasture grasses annually suffer sporadic damage by this pest, often severe in the Gulf Coast states. Resistant grasses offer an alternative management tool for the fall armyworm, reducing the need for pesticide use. Laboratory evaluations assessed the degree of antibiosis and nonpreference present among more than 30 turfgrass genotypes to first and third instar fall armyworms, respectively. Zoysiagrasses exhibiting high levels of antibiosis included `Cavalier', `Emerald', DALZ8501, DALZ8508, `Royal', and `Palisades'. Paspalum selections demonstrating reduced larval or pupal weights or prolonged development times of fall armyworm included 561-79, Temple-2, PI-509021, and PI-509022.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Native Entomopathogenic Fungi for the Control of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Thailand: A Sustainable Way for Eco-Friendly Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1073
Author(s):  
Julius Rajula ◽  
Sarayut Pittarate ◽  
Nakarin Suwannarach ◽  
Jaturong Kumla ◽  
Aneta A. Ptaszynska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, entered Thailand in late 2018 and has now spread in several regions, with devastating effects in maize and rice production, which are some of the most important cereals in the world. Since then, farmers have utilized the available chemical insecticides to try to control it, but their efforts have been futile. Instead, they have ended up using extraordinary dosages, hence threatening non-target species and other fauna and flora, as well as being costly. In this regard, research has been ongoing, aiming to come up with eco-friendly solutions for this insect. We surveyed and collected various isolates of native entomopathogenic fungi intending to test their efficacy against fall armyworm. Six isolates of entomopathogenic fungi were obtained and identified to Beauveria bassiana based on morphological characteristics and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses. Thereafter, the six isolates of B. bassiana were used to perform efficacy experiments against fall armyworm. Additionally, the glycosyl transferase-like protein 1 (GAS1) gene was analyzed. Consequently, all the isolates showed efficacy against S. frugiperda, with isolate BCMU6 causing up to 91.67% mortality. Further, molecular analysis revealed that all the isolates possess the GAS1 gene, which contributed to their virulence against the insect. This is the first report of utilizing native entomopathogenic B. bassiana to manage S. frugiperda in Thailand, with the revelation of GAS1 as a factor in inducing virulence and cuticle penetration. This study has provided valuable information on the potential development of Beauveria bassiana as an eco-friendly bioinsecticide for the management of fall armyworm in Thailand.

Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Control with Imazaquin in Warm-Season Turfgrasses

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 691-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Euel Coats ◽  
Roni F. Munoz ◽  
Doug H. Anderson ◽  
David C. Heering ◽  
Jim W. Scruggs
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Stenotaphrum Secundatum ◽  
Monosodium Salt ◽  
Methylarsonic Acid ◽  
Common Bermudagrass ◽  
Quinolinecarboxylic Acid

Postemergence applications of imazaquin {2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid} controlled higher levels of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL. # CYPRO) in common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers.] and hybrid bermudagrass (′Tifgreen’ and ‘Tifdwarf′,C. dactylon×C. transvaalensisBurtt-Davy) than monosodium salt of methylarsonic acid (MSMA). Control was better at 560 or 840 g ai/ha of imazaquin than at lower rates. Postemergence applications of imazaquin plus 2240 g ai/ha of MSMA controlled more purple nutsedge than equivalent rates of imazaquin alone. Preemergence applications of imazaquin were not effective. Bermudagrass discoloration was observed in some experiments on turfs mowed at a height of 1.3 cm or less but usually disappeared within 2 to 3 weeks, especially when MSMA was used in combination with imazaquin. No injury was observed on bermudagrasses, zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonicaSteud. ‘Meyer′), St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum(Walt.) Ktze. ‘Raleigh′], and centipedegrass [Erernochloa ophiuroides(Munro) Hack.] maintained at mowing heights above 1.3 cm.

scholarly journals Performance and Transition Date of a Turf-type Annual Ryegrass in Comparison to Perennial Ryegrass and Fine Fescues

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.R. Nelson ◽  
J. Crowder ◽  
H.B. Pemberton
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Chilling Temperatures ◽  
Fine Fescue ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Common Bermudagrass

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) has traditionally been used to overseed warm-season grasses in the southern U.S. when warm-season sods are dormant due to chilling temperatures. In this study we investigated overseeding turf-type annual ryegrass (two cultivars of L. multiflorum and one cultivar of L. rigidum) and chewing fescue (Festuca rubra var. commutata) as well as perennial ryegrass onto a warm-season common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) sod. The objective was to compare turf quality, turf color, and transition date of turf-type annuals with perennials and other cool-season grasses. Results for turf quality indicated that the annual ryegrass cultivars `Axcella' and `Panterra' (L. multiflorum) compared very well with perennials through March; however, in April and May, perennials were superior for quality. `Hardtop' fine fescue is a hard fescue (F. ovina var. duriuscula). It was inferior to the annuals for turf quality from December to April when the annuals began to die. For turf color, annuals had a lower rating compared to dark green perennials such as `Premier II', `Derby Supreme', or `Allstar'. `Panterra' was darker compared to `Axcella' in March and April. Chewing fescue was intermediate in color compared to annuals and perennials. For turf height, `Axcella' was taller than `Panterra', which were both taller than the perennials, and the fine fescues were shorter than the perennials. For transition in the spring, the annuals had a shorter transition and died about 1 month earlier than the perennials. `Transtar' (L. rigidum) had an earlier transition than the other annuals. The perennials tended to have a longer transition period. The fescues had a very long transition period and were similar to the perennials.

scholarly journals Mechanism of Action of Endophytic Fungi Hypocrea lixii and Beauveria bassiana in Phaseolus vulgaris as Biopesticides against Pea Leafminer and Fall Armyworm

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 5694
Author(s):  
Olivia Ngeno Chebet ◽  
Leonidah Kerubo Omosa ◽  
Sevgan Subramanian ◽  
Vaderament-A Nchiozem-Ngnitedem ◽  
John Onyari Mmari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Defense Compounds ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Liriomyza Huidobrensis ◽  
Hypocrea Lixii ◽  
Volatile Profiles

Endophytic fungal isolates Hypocrea lixii F3ST1 and Beauveria bassiana G1LU3 were evaluated for their potential to endophytically colonize and induce active compounds in Phaseolus vulgaris, as a defense mechanism against pea leafminer (Liriomyza huidobrensis) and fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). Endophytic colonization was achieved through seed inoculation with the volatile emissions from P. vulgaris plants being analyzed using GC-MS. The crude extracts of P. vulgaris obtained using methanol and dichloromethane were assayed against leafminer and fall armyworm larvae using leaf dipping and topical application, respectively. The two isolates successfully colonized the entire host plant (roots, stems, and leaves) with significant variation (p < 0.001) between fungal isolates and the controls. The results showed qualitative differences in the volatile profiles between the control plants, endophytically colonized and insect-damaged plants attributed to fungal inoculation and leafminer damage. The crude methanol extracts significantly reduced the percentage pupation of 2nd instar leafminer larvae (p < 0.001) and adult-flies emergence (p < 0.05). The survival of the 1st instar fall armyworm larvae was also significantly reduced (p < 0.001) compared to the controls. This study demonstrated the high potential of endophytic fungi H. lixii and B. bassiana in inducing mainly specific defense compounds in the common bean P. vulgaris that can be used against pea leafminer and fall armyworm.

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