scholarly journals Mechanism of Action of Endophytic Fungi Hypocrea lixii and Beauveria bassiana in Phaseolus vulgaris as Biopesticides against Pea Leafminer and Fall Armyworm

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 5694
Author(s):  
Olivia Ngeno Chebet ◽  
Leonidah Kerubo Omosa ◽  
Sevgan Subramanian ◽  
Vaderament-A Nchiozem-Ngnitedem ◽  
John Onyari Mmari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Defense Compounds ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Liriomyza Huidobrensis ◽  
Hypocrea Lixii ◽  
Volatile Profiles

Endophytic fungal isolates Hypocrea lixii F3ST1 and Beauveria bassiana G1LU3 were evaluated for their potential to endophytically colonize and induce active compounds in Phaseolus vulgaris, as a defense mechanism against pea leafminer (Liriomyza huidobrensis) and fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). Endophytic colonization was achieved through seed inoculation with the volatile emissions from P. vulgaris plants being analyzed using GC-MS. The crude extracts of P. vulgaris obtained using methanol and dichloromethane were assayed against leafminer and fall armyworm larvae using leaf dipping and topical application, respectively. The two isolates successfully colonized the entire host plant (roots, stems, and leaves) with significant variation (p < 0.001) between fungal isolates and the controls. The results showed qualitative differences in the volatile profiles between the control plants, endophytically colonized and insect-damaged plants attributed to fungal inoculation and leafminer damage. The crude methanol extracts significantly reduced the percentage pupation of 2nd instar leafminer larvae (p < 0.001) and adult-flies emergence (p < 0.05). The survival of the 1st instar fall armyworm larvae was also significantly reduced (p < 0.001) compared to the controls. This study demonstrated the high potential of endophytic fungi H. lixii and B. bassiana in inducing mainly specific defense compounds in the common bean P. vulgaris that can be used against pea leafminer and fall armyworm.

scholarly journals The endophytic fungi from South Sumatra (Indonesia) and their pathogenecity against the new invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimma Gustianingtyas ◽  
Siti Herlinda ◽  
Suwandi Suwandi
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
First Report ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

Abstract. Gustianingtyas M, Herlinda S, Suwandi. 2021. The endophytic fungi from South Sumatra (Indonesia) and their pathogenicity against the new invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Biodiversitas 22: 1051-1062. Maize in Indonesia is currently experiencing attacks and outbreaks of the new invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. The S. frugiperda larvae emerge from the leaf midrib when eating, after hiding in the maize stalk so that it is difficult to control by contact. This study aimed to find out the endophytic fungi from the roots of maize, banana and chili in South Sumatra and to determine their pathogenicity against S. frugiperda larvae. The endophytic fungi were isolated from the plant roots. Fungal isolates proven to be endophytic were dropped (1 × 106 conidia mL−1) on the second instar larvae. The result showed that the endophytic fungi found were 8 isolates consisting of the genus, Aspergillus sp., Beauveria sp., Chaetomium sp., and Curvularia sp. First report of Aspergillus sp., Chaetomium sp., and Curvularia sp. have insecticidal activity against S. frugiperda larvae. However, the two most pathogenic isolates were JgCrJr and JgSPK isolates of Beauveria sp. with larval mortality of 29.33% and 26.67%, respectively, and could reduce the emergence of S. frugiperda adults up to 44%. So, the two isolates of Beauveria sp. have a high potential to be developed to control S. frugiperda larvae in maize both in the lowlands and the highlands.

scholarly journals Scanning electron microscopic studies of Beauveria bassiana against Lipaphis erysimi Kalt

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 461-465
Author(s):  
Tanvi Sharma ◽  
Neelam Joshi ◽  
Anu Kalia
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Lipaphis Erysimi ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Mustard Aphid ◽  
Commercial Formulation ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Scanning Electron

This work was aimed to identify the LC50 of the indigenous fungal isolates for controlling L. erysimi infesta-tion in mustard aphid besides to probe the mechanism of action of the local isolates and comparison of the efficacy with the reference culture and commercial formulation ‘Mycojaal’. Three isolates of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana were tested for infection on nymph of Lipaphis erysimi Kalt. using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to record any variation. The SEM revealed adhesion of spores of B.bassiana followed by penetration of L.erysimi nymph surface. It was observed that all Beauveria isolates showed little variation with respect to penetration and adhesion at different time intervals. Further, lethal concentration (LC50) values of B. bassiana isolates against L. erysimi was recorded and was lowest (0.05x107 spores/ml) in B. bassiana MTCC 4495 and highest (0.11.X107 spores/ml) was recorded in native isolate F10 after 120 hours of treatment. The study has established the need for the isolation and evaluation of the indigenous Beauveria isolate. Moreover, it also exhibited the efficacy of the reference and commercially available biocontrol agents.

scholarly journals Control of Fall Armyworm Larvae with Beauveria Bassiana Fungus, 1996

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 325-325
Author(s):  
James A. Reinert ◽  
Steven J. Maranz ◽  
T. A. Knauf ◽  
B. R. Wiseman
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Wetting Agent ◽  
Respective Treatment ◽  
Filter Papers ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Common Bermudagrass ◽  
Good Coverage

Abstract Larvae of the fall armyworm annually cause damage to most of the warm-season turfgrasses. Terminal stolons of common bermudagrass were dipped in the appropriate dilutions of BioCide-TRF&#x99; (Mycotrol GH-ES) Beauveria bassiana (2.0 X 1013 conidia/qt), and placed on two water-saturated filter papers (for constant humidity) in each feeding chamber in the lab. Three randomly selected 5-d-old larvae were introduced into each 9-cm-diam. x 15-mm-deep plastic feeding chambers labeled for the respective treatment in a RCB design with 7 reps. Silwet (0.04%) was added to each treatment as a wetting agent to ensure good coverage. Treatments were observed daily for mortality.

scholarly journals Endophytic fungi from the genus Colletotrichum are abundant in the Phaseolus vulgaris and have high genetic diversity

2014 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.L. Gonzaga ◽  
L.E.O Costa ◽  
T.T. Santos ◽  
E.F. Araújo ◽  
M.V. Queiroz
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
High Genetic Diversity

scholarly journals Entomopathogenic fungi of soils of freshwater swamps, tidal lowlands, peatlands, and highlands of South Sumatra, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 2365-2373 ◽  
Author(s):  
AYU SAFITRI ◽  
SITI HERLINDA ◽  
ARUM SETIAWAN
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Fungal Isolates

Safitri A, Herlinda S, Setiawan A. 2018. Entomopathogenic fungi of soils of freshwater swamps, tidal lowlands, peatlands, and highlands of South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2365-2373. Ecosystems of lowlands and highlands in South Sumatra have specific characteristics of soils and vegetations that can affect the availability of entomopathogenic fungi. This study aimed to explore and identify species and to determine inoculum potentials of the entomopathogenic fungi from soils of freshwater swamps, tidal lowlands, peatlands, and highlands. Baiting of entomopathogenic fungi on soil samples used the larvae of Tenebrio molitor. The entomopathogenic fungi species found in this research were Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. The number of the fungal isolates were 30 isolates consisting of nine isolates of B. bassiana and 21 isolates of M. anisopliae.The highest number of isolates was found in the highland ecosystem (11 isolates) and the lowest was found in peatland ecosystem (4 isolates). The highest percentage average of inoculum potentials of the fungi was found in the high land ecosystem (4.04%) and the lowest one was found in freshwater swamps ecosystem (2.11%). Based on the vegetation type, the soil planted with mustard in Talang Patai-Pagaralam (highland ecosystem) had the highest inoculum potentials (9.33%). These fungi will make an important contribution to the biological control for insect pests in lowland to highland ecosystems in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Susceptibilidade de larvas de Cerotoma arcuata Olivier (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) a Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuillemin, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin e Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lucia França Teixeira ◽  
Avílio Antonio Franco
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L

Larvas de 2° instar de Cerotoma arcuata foram avaliadas em relação à susceptibilidade aos fungos entomopatogênicos Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae e a bactéria Bacillus thuringiensis com as toxinas Cry3. Os insetos adultos foram mantidos em gaiolas e alimentados com plântulas de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) e as larvas em "gerbox" com cotilédones de plântulas de feijão recém-germinadas. Das oito estirpes de B. bassiana avaliadas, CG 156 e CG 213 causaram 100% de mortalidade das larvas, as duas estirpes de M. anisopliae CG 210 e CG 321 foram patogênicas, eliminando 80 e 100% das larvas de C. arcuata, e, das cinco estirpes de B. thuringiensis testadas, o isolado CG 940 causou 70% de mortalidade das larvas.

Ovicidal effects of entomopathogenic fungal isolates on the invasive Fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
pp. 626-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komivi Senyo Akutse ◽  
Jane Wanjiru Kimemia ◽  
Sunday Ekesi ◽  
Fathiya Mbarak Khamis ◽  
Odhiambo Levi Ombura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Ovicidal Effects ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Preliminary Screening of Endophytic Fungi from Medicinal Plants in India for Antimicrobial and Antitumor Activity

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 566-571
Author(s):  
Gani Sharmila Banu ◽  
Ganesan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Alternaria Sp

The screening of antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, yeast and fungi was carried out on isopropanol extracts prepared from 121 isolates of endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants in India. Sensitivity was found to vary among the microorganisms. Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Alternaria sp. were susceptible to extracts from three, two and two isolates of endophytic fungi, respectively. None was found effective against Salmonella typhimurium. Sixteen endophytic fungal isolates tested were also found to exhibit antitumor activity in the yeast cell-based assay.

Identification of endophytic hyphae of Lophodermium piceae in tissues of green, symptomless Norway spruce needles by immunoelectron microscopy

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1768-1774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Suske ◽  
Georg Acker
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Immunogold Labeling ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Hyphal Sheath ◽  
Spruce Needles

Antiserum specific for Lophodermium piceae hyphae was obtained by absorbing a rabbit L. piceae antiserum with hyphal material of different fungal isolates. The specificity of this absorbed antiserum was tested with hyphae of endophytic fungi isolated from green, asymptomatic needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) using the on-section immunogold labeling technique. With this specific, absorbed antiserum, a homogenous labeling was obtained with cultured hyphae of L. piceae, whereas all other spruce needle endophytes examined remained practically unlabeled. Insignificant cross-reactivity was also observed with needle tissues. The absorbed antiserum was then applied for the immunoelectron microscopical identification of L. piceae hyphae in situ in infected tissues of green, asymptomatic Norway spruce needles. The function of papillalike structures observed in infected needle mesophyll as well as the role of the hyphal sheath surrounding endophytic L. piceae hyphae are discussed in connection with the interaction between L. piceae and asymptomatic Norway spruce needles.

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