scholarly journals Hybridisation and introgression of native and foreign Sorbus tree species in unique environments of protected mountainous areas

AoB Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Hebda ◽  
Marta Kempf ◽  
Witold Wachowiak ◽  
Bartosz Pluciński ◽  
Paweł Kauzal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Hybrid Form ◽  
Biometric Analysis ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite ◽  
Diverse Origin ◽  
Foreign Species

Abstract Hybridisation and introgression are important processes influencing the genetic diversity and evolution of species. These processes are of particular importance in protected areas, where they can lead to the formation of hybrids between native and foreign species and may ultimately result in the loss of parental species from their natural range. Despite their importance, the contribution of hybridisation and introgression to genetic diversity in Sorbus genus remains not fully recognised. We analysed the genetic and morphological variability of several Sorbus species including native (Sorbus aria), foreign (S. intermedia) and potentially hybrid (S. carpatica) individuals from the Polish Carpathian range. Patterns of variation at 13 nuclear microsatellite loci show hybridisation between the tested species and confirm the existence of the hybrid form Sorbus carpatica. Biometric analysis on leaves, based of ten metric features and three parameters, identified several characters for preliminary taxonomic classification, however none of them could be used as a fully diagnostic marker for faultless annotation of Sorbus intermedia and S. carpatica. The genetic structure analysis indicated complex patterns of population differentiation and its diverse origin. The results allow assessment of genetic variation and identification of parental species participating in hybridisation. This knowledge will advance the management of genetic diversity and development of conservation strategies for efficient maintenance of the unique protected ecosystem.

scholarly journals 065 Genetic Diversity of the Allegheny Chinkapin (Castanea pumila var. pumila)

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 452C-452
Author(s):  
Fenny Dane
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
American Chestnut ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Geographic Populations ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Conservation Plan

American species in the genus Castanea are susceptible to chestnut blight, caused by the Asian fungus Cryphonectria parasitica. This disease spread throughout the natural range of the American chestnut and reduced the species from a timber and nut producing tree to an understory shrub. The lesser known member of the genus, the chinkapin, has also been affected by this disease and a conservation plan is needed. Genetic diversity within and between geographic populations of the Allegheny chinkapin was evaluated to provide baseline genetic information pertinent to conservation of the species. Nuts of Allegheny chinkapin trees from populations in Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Virginia, and Ohio were collected and evaluated for isozyme and RAPD marker polymorphism. The genetic diversity of these populations will be compared with that of Ozark chinkapin and American chestnut populations. Conservation strategies will be discussed.

scholarly journals Estimating the genetic diversity and structure of Quercus trojana Webb populations in Italy by SSRs: implications for management and conservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddalena Carabeo ◽  
Marco Cosimo Simeone ◽  
Marcello Cherubini ◽  
Chiara Mattia ◽  
Francesca Chiocchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Main Gene ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite ◽  
Fragmented Distribution ◽  
Management And Conservation

Studying the genetic diversity and structure of the current forest populations is essential for evaluating the ability to survive future biotic and abiotic changes and planning conservation strategies. Quercus trojana Webb is an eastern Mediterranean tree species with a fragmented distribution range, and its westernmost outposts are located in southern Italy. The demand for timber and cropland over the centuries has severely reduced its occurrence in this part of the range. We assessed the genetic diversity and structure of the extant Italian populations of Q. trojana and derived conservation guidelines. A total of 322 samples were genotyped with six polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers. A high genetic diversity in all populations, two main gene pools, and a highly divergent single population were observed. Based on the allelic richness and heterozygosity estimation, we identified populations that can be considered as valuable source material for conservation programs and those requiring adequate measures to reestablish gene flow and reduce fragmentation. Finally, a comparison with a set of eastern Mediterranean samples indicated a relationship between the Italian and the Greek gene pools. The need to protect these marginal, disjunct populations was further reinforced.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Characterisation for Growth and Nut Characteristics Revealed the Extent of Genetic Diversity in Wild Macadamia Germplasm

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 680
Author(s):  
Thuy T. P. Mai ◽  
Craig M. Hardner ◽  
Mobashwer M. Alam ◽  
Robert J. Henry ◽  
Bruce L. Topp
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Wild Germplasm ◽  
Phenotypic Characterisation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Wild Accessions

Macadamia is a recently domesticated Australian native nut crop, and a large proportion of its wild germplasm is unexploited. Aiming to explore the existing diversity, 247 wild accessions from four species and inter-specific hybrids were phenotyped. A wide range of variation was found in growth and nut traits. Broad-sense heritability of traits were moderate (0.43–0.64), which suggested that both genetic and environmental factors are equally important for the variability of the traits. Correlations among the growth traits were significantly positive (0.49–0.76). There were significant positive correlations among the nut traits except for kernel recovery. The association between kernel recovery and shell thickness was highly significant and negative. Principal component analysis of the traits separated representative species groups. Accessions from Macadamia integrifolia Maiden and Betche, M. tetraphylla L.A.S. Johnson, and admixtures were clustered into one group and those of M. ternifolia F. Muell were separated into another group. In both M. integrifolia and M. tetraphylla groups, variation within site was greater than across sites, which suggested that the conservation strategies should concentrate on increased sampling within sites to capture wide genetic diversity. This study provides a background on the utilisation of wild germplasm as a genetic resource to be used in breeding programs and the direction for gene pool conservation.

scholarly journals Genetic Investigation of Four Beluga Sturgeon (Huso huso, L.) Broodstocks for its Reintroduction in the Po River Basin

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Caterina M. Antognazza ◽  
Isabella Vanetti ◽  
Vanessa De Santis ◽  
Adriano Bellani ◽  
Monica Di Francesco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Huso Huso ◽  
Po River ◽  
Beluga Sturgeon ◽  
Po River Basin

The reintroduction of the extinct beluga sturgeon (Huso huso L.), an anadromous species with economic and traditional relevance, is a priority in next conservation strategies in Northern Italy. The EU-LIFE NATURA project aims to reintroduce the beluga sturgeon in the Po River basin through a captive breeding program. Critical requirements for the success of the program are river connectivity and knowledge of genetic diversity of the selected broodstocks to ensure self-sustainability of reintroduced populations. Here, the four broodstocks used for the reintroduction of beluga sturgeon have been genetically screened, genotyping 13 loci and sequencing mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene and the entire mitochondrial DNA control region (D-Loop). The four broodstocks showed a medium-high level of nuclear genetic variability and the presence of two sub-populations, evidencing a total level of inbreeding coefficients able to sustain the good potential as future breeders. Mitochondrial analyses showed a genetic variability comparable to wild populations, further strengthening the positive potential of the investigated broodstock. Therefore, this study, showed how the degree of genetic diversity found within the four broodstocks used for H. huso reintroduction in the Po River basin could be suitable to ensure the success of the program, avoiding the inbreeding depression associated with founder effect and captive breeding.

Genetic diversity of the extremely rare Habenaria dentata and the rare Habenaria linearifolia (Orchidaceae) in South Korea: implications for population history and conservation

2018 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
Mi Yoon Chung ◽  
Hoa Thi Quynh Le ◽  
Sungwon Son ◽  
Huai Zhen Tian ◽  
Myong Gi Chung
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Population History ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Ancestral Population ◽  
Allozyme Diversity ◽  
Glacial Origin

Background and aims – Since historical events often leave an indelible mark on levels of genetic diversity of plant populations, one may indirectly infer their evolutionary history with the help of current patterns of genetic diversity. The terrestrial orchid Habenaria dentata, an element of warm-temperate/subtropical vegetation, reaches its northernmost limits in the Korean Peninsula, and thus it is extremely rare there. As H. dentata was absent from the Peninsula during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), it is likely to be of post-glacial origin having arrived from either a single refugium or multiple refugia. However, its rare, temperate/boreal congener H. linearifolia might have persisted in situ in either macrorefugia or microrefugia on the Peninsula during the LGM.Methods – To test which hypothesis is most appropriate for each species, we investigated levels of allozyme-based (17 loci) genetic diversity and population genetic structure in the two only known populations of H. dentata and in 12 populations of H. linearifolia.Key results – No allozyme diversity was found in H. dentata (He = 0.000), whereas H. linearifolia exhibited low within-population variation (He = 0.060) and high among-population differentiation (FST = 0.237). We found little association between populations in relation to their geographic location; several populations presented individuals belonging to different clusters.Conclusions – Our results suggest that H. dentata likely originated from a single ancestral population (perhaps from southern Japan or southern China) through post-glacial dispersal, whereas H. linearifolia probably survived the LGM in situ in microrefugia situated at low to mid-elevated regions. We further suggest that separate conservation strategies for each species should be employed, given that the two taxa have different ecological and demographic traits and harbour different levels of genetic diversity.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity among genotypes ofEryngium viviparum(Apiaceae): a plant threatened throughout its natural range

2009 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. CARMEN RODRIGUEZ-GACIO ◽  
JUAN DE JESÚS ◽  
MARÍA I. ROMERO ◽  
MARÍA T. HERRERA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Natural Range

Geographic patterns of genetic variation and population structure in Pinus aristata, Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna W. Schoettle ◽  
Betsy A. Goodrich ◽  
Valerie Hipkins ◽  
Christopher Richards ◽  
Julie Kray
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Restricted Gene Flow ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Bristlecone Pine ◽  
Pinus Aristata

Pinus aristata Engelm., Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine, has a narrow core geographic and elevational distribution, occurs in disjunct populations, and is threatened by rapid climate change, white pine blister rust, and bark beetles. Knowledge of genetic diversity and population structure will help guide gene conservation strategies for this species. Sixteen sites across four mountain ranges in the core distribution of P. aristata were sampled and genetic diversity was assessed with 21 isozyme loci. Low species and population level genetic diversity (He = 0.070 and 0.062, respectively) occurred with moderate among-population differentiation (FST = 0.131). Genetic diversity correlated with longitude, latitude, and elevation and a strong mountain island effect may contribute to substructuring and isolation. Using multiple complementary analyses, sampled trees were assigned to three genetic lineages that varied in diversity and admixture and were associated with different climatic factors. The distribution of genetic diversity and substructuring of P. aristata may be an outcome of a combination of restricted gene flow due to geographic and phenological isolation, random processes of genetic drift, life history traits, natural selection, and postglacial migrations. The combination of low genetic diversity, moderate population isolation, and a protracted regeneration dynamic puts populations at risk for extirpation by novel stresses.

Species delimitation and population structure in three Onosma (Boraginaceae) species

Biologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Sheidai ◽  
Samira Sadeghi ◽  
Mahnaz-Arab Ameri ◽  
Ahmad-Reza Mehrabeian
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Geographical Distance ◽  
Nj Tree ◽  
Issr Molecular Markers

AbstractThe present study aimed to reveal genetic diversity and population structure in three Onosma species i.e., Onosma bulbotrichum DC., O. elwendicum Wettst. and O. sericeum Willd. (Boraginaceae) growing in Iran. This study was performed to check if the ISSR molecular markers could be used in the Onosma species delimitation. We also investigated the infra-specific morphological variability and if we can identify infra-species taxonomic forms. The present study revealed within species genetic and morphological diversity. ISSR data could delimit the studied species as they were separated from each other in NJ tree, maximum parsimony and STRUCTURE analysis. AMOVA and Hickory tests produced significant genetic difference among the studied species. The Mantel test showed no correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance of the populations for all three species. Reticulation analysis and Nm estimation showed gene flow among these populations. We could identify a few ISSR loci that are adaptive. Data obtained can be used in conservation of these medicinal plants in Iran.

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