Faux Pas Recognition and Executive Processes in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder: Toward an Investigation of Interindividual Heterogeneity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franca Schmid ◽  
Franklin Moreau ◽  
Farid Benzerouk ◽  
Delphine Raucher-Chéné ◽  
Arthur Kaladjian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Executive Processes ◽  
Systematic Screening ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Risk Of Relapse

Abstract Objective Impairment of executive functions (EF) has been documented for decades in patients with alcohol use disorders (AUD), while more recent studies have also reported impaired theory of mind. Both have been associated with negative outcomes, particularly a high risk of relapse. However, the interrelatedness of EF and theory of mind impairments remains subject to debate. Method About 19 AUD outpatients and 20 healthy controls (HC) were asked to complete measures of motor inhibition, mental flexibility, and updating to assess EF, and the faux pas test to assess theory of mind. Results As expected, patients’ mean performances on EF and faux pas measures were poorer than those of HC. Correlational analyses revealed that executive processes were differentially related to faux pas subscores. Additional single-case analyses corroborated the strong association between EF and faux pas interpretation, as patients with AUD mostly had congruent performances (i.e., both EF and faux pas impaired or both EF and faux pas preserved). Conclusions This study highlights the interrelatedness of EF and faux pas performances in AUD, but also emphasizes the incomplete overlap of the cognitive processes involved in these tasks, with heterogeneous patterns of association. Based on these findings, tailored cognitive rehabilitation programs that simultaneously target EF and faux pas recognition could be developed to favor patients’ social inclusion and reduce the risk of relapse. Results also argue in favor of systematic screening for EF and theory of mind impairments among AUD patients.

scholarly journals Physiotherapy versus Consecutive Physiotherapy and Cognitive Treatment in People with Parkinson’s Disease: A Pilot Randomized Cross-Over Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 687
Author(s):  
Valentina Varalta ◽  
Paola Poiese ◽  
Serena Recchia ◽  
Barbara Montagnana ◽  
Cristina Fonte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Cognitive Treatment ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by motor and cognitive dysfunctions that can usually be treated by physiotherapy or cognitive training, respectively. The effects of consecutive physiotherapy and cognitive rehabilitation programs on PD deficits are less investigated. Objective: We investigated the effects of 3 months of physiotherapy (physiotherapy treatment group) or consecutive physiotherapy and cognitive (physiotherapy and cognitive treatment group) rehabilitation programs on cognitive, motor, and psychological aspects in 20 PD patients. Methods: The two groups switched programs and continued rehabilitation for another 3 months. The outcomes were score improvement on cognitive (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Frontal Assessment Battery, Trail Making Test, Verbal Phonemic Fluency, Digit Span, and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning), motor (Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale-III, Berg Balance Scale, Two-Minute Walking Test, and Time Up and Go), and psychological (Beck Depression Inventory and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) scales. Results: Between-group comparison revealed a significant difference in functional mobility between the two rehabilitation programs. Improvements in walking abilities were noted after both interventions, but only the patients treated with consecutive training showed better performance on functional mobility and memory tasks. Conclusion: Our findings support the hypothesis that consecutive physiotherapy plus cognitive rehabilitation may have a greater benefit than physiotherapy alone in patients with PD.

Alcohol use and bipolar disorder comorbidity: Synthesis and perspectives

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S470-S470
Author(s):  
A. Dahdouh ◽  
B. Semaoune ◽  
A. Tremey ◽  
L. Samalin ◽  
V. Flaudias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Dual Diagnosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Systematic Screening ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Clinical Interest ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectiveAlcohol use disorders and bipolar disorder commonly co-occur and both are associated with more pejorative outcomes, thus constituting a major public health problem. We undertook this synthetic review to provide an update on this issue in order to clarify the nature of the relationship between the two disorders, improve clinical outcomes, prevent complications and therefore optimize management of patients.MethodsWe conducted an electronic search by keywords in databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, published in English and French from January1985 to December 2015.ResultsThe AUD prevalence is important among BD patients in whom the effects of alcohol are more severe. However, in terms of screening, it appears that the comorbidity is not systematically sought. The concept of co-occurrence finds its clinical interest in the development of specific screening and therapeutic strategies. To date, there are only few recommendations about the management of dual diagnosis and the majority of them support “integrated” approaches.ConclusionsRecommendations should emphasize this strong co-occurrence and promote systematic screening and offered integrated cares.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Computerized LEXTOMM Battery (Language, EXecutive functions, Theory Of Mind, episodic Memory)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Perrone-Bertolotti ◽  
Lucile Meunier ◽  
Christine Bulteau ◽  
Anna Borne ◽  
Samuel El Bouzaïdi Tiali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Auditory Modality ◽  
Executive Processes ◽  
Memory Switching

We present a computerize battery constructed to evaluate behavioral performances for language, declarative memory, executive functions and social cognition abilities. This battery was created to evaluate cognitive outcomes in adults who underwent hemispherotomy as a clinical treatment of Rasmussen Encephalitis (RE) in their childhood and have been tested in a group of healthy participants (n= 88). LEXTOMM battery can be used for cognitive assessment of any type of population and allow the collection of behavioral performances in terms of accuracy and reaction times. LEXTOMM battery is composed of six language tasks allowing to assess six different linguistic abilities such as lexical storage, semantics, phonology, syntax, prosody perception and production. Different input modalities are proposed for these tasks (picture, written and auditory modality). A specific task allowing the assessment of the language generation and declarative memory interaction is also proposed. The battery also included a visual control categorization task is proposed in order to assess decision-making baseline. Moreover, LEXTOMM also includes four tasks allowing the assessment of the executive functions. More specifically we included tasks allowing the evaluation of four executive processes: updating in working memory, switching/flexibility, sustained attention and inhibition. Finally, the battery includes a theory of mind abilities task. All tasks were developed using the E-Prime 3.0 software (E-Prime Psychology Software Tools Inc., Pittsburgh, USA), running on a PC. Before each task, a training session is included, with several stimuli that differ from those presented during the experiment. This training allows participants to understand the instructions and get familiarized with each task. Hereafter, we describe the procedures and tasks included in LEXTOMM, in the following order: low-level visual categorization, language, language in interaction with declarative memory, executive functions and social cognition/theory of mind.

scholarly journals SPECIFIC EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTIONS IN THE REHABILITATION OF COGNITIVE CAPACITIES OF ADULTS DUE TO A CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT (EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION)

World Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (6(58)) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Aurelia Glavan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cerebrovascular Accident ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Mediated Learning ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
The Social

An optimal cognitive functionality ensures the efficiency of day-to-day activities and a person's integration into the socio-economic environment. Cognition is not a unitary concept, it incorporates several domains: attention, memory, executive functions, perception and praxis, language. Cognitive functions are affected as a result of a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), manifested by a prevalence of 20% to 80% after a stroke. We have proposed an experimental investigation - the use of the Reuven Feuerstein theory in the cognitive rehabilitation of post-stroke individuals, thus overcoming the social disadvantage and contributing to improving their quality of life, through social inclusion. The principle of mediated learning has proven to be effective in improving the cognitive abilities of post-stroke individuals in addition to medical treatment, representing an alternative service offered by the specialists in cognitive therapy, thus being a quick and cost-effective way of recovering.

scholarly journals Cognitive Reserve Profiles in Chronic Schizophrenia: Effects on Theory of Mind Performance and Improvement after Training

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariachiara Buonocore ◽  
Margherita Bechi ◽  
Paola Uberti ◽  
Marco Spangaro ◽  
Federica Cocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Intellectual Impairment ◽  
Premorbid Functioning

AbstractObjectives: Cognitive reserve (CR), defined as individual differences in the ability to cope with brain damage, seem to be associated to the several psychopathological features in psychiatric patients, such as the functional outcome. This study aims to identify different profiles of CR by combining intelligence quotient (IQ) and premorbid functioning, two measures independently associated to CR in previous works, as well as to explore CR effect on both Theory of Mind (ToM) baseline performance and improvement after socio-cognitive trainings. Methods: Sixty patients with chronic schizophrenia underwent a socio-cognitive rehabilitation. All patients were assessed for psychopathology, neurocognition, and ToM at baseline and post-treatment. CR profiles were explored with K-means cluster analysis, while differences between clusters in both baseline assessments and post-treatment ToM improvement, were analyzed by means of analysis of variance and repeated measures analysis of covariance. Results: The analysis revealed three CR profiles, respectively, characterized by low early premorbid functioning and mild intellectual impairment, average/high early premorbid functioning trend with moderate intellectual impairment and good early premorbid functioning associated to IQ within normal limits. Analyses showed a significant effect of CR on both baseline ToM performance and treatment outcome: patients with higher CR reached significantly better ToM scores. Conclusions: These results underline the clinical relevance of defining CR profiles of patients to customize trainings: subjects with a lower CR may benefit from more intensive programs. A deeper knowledge about CR may considerably increase our understanding of individual differences and thus potentiate treatment outcome. (JINS, 2018, 24, 563–571)

Theory of mind impairments in schizophrenia: symptomatology, severity and specificity

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
GRAHAM J. PICKUP ◽  
CHRISTOPHER D. FRITH
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Paranoid Symptoms ◽  
Low Iq

Background. Several studies have examined the ability of schizophrenic patients to represent mental states (‘theory of mind'; ToM). There is consensus that some patients have impaired ToM, but there is disagreement about the relation between ToM and symptomatology, and about the severity and specificity of the deficit.Methods. Two first-order and one second-order false belief tests of ToM were given to groups of schizophrenic patients and psychiatric and normal controls. The relation between ToM and symptomatology was explored using regression and symptom subgroup analyses. Severity was investigated by using the same task methodology as in autism research, to enable direct comparison with that disorder. Specificity was investigated using matched control tasks which were as difficult as the ToM tasks, but did not require ToM.Results. Symptom subgroup analysis showed that schizophrenic patients with behavioural signs were impaired relative to controls on ToM, and that remitted patients and a single case with passivity symptoms performed as well as controls. Regression analysis showed that ratings of behavioural signs predicted impaired ToM in schizophrenia. There was weak evidence that a subgroup with paranoid symptoms had ToM impairments, although these were associated with low IQ. Schizophrenic patients only showed ToM deficits on the second-order task. No impairments appeared on the matched control tasks which did not require ToM.Conclusions. There is a clear association between ToM impairment and behavioural signs in schizophrenia. Deficits in paranoid patients are harder to detect with current tasks and may be compensated for by IQ-dependent problem-solving skills. ToM impairments in schizophrenia are less severe than in autism, but are specific and not a reflection of general cognitive deficits.

scholarly journals Cognitive Rehabilitation for Executive Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: Application and Current Directions

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Calleo ◽  
Cristina Burrows ◽  
Harvey Levin ◽  
Laura Marsh ◽  
Eugene Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs

Cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease contributes to disability, caregiver strain, and diminished quality of life. Cognitive rehabilitation, a behavioral approach to improve cognitive skills, has potential as a treatment option to improve and maintain cognitive skills and increase quality of life for those with Parkinson's disease-related cognitive dysfunction. Four cognitive rehabilitation programs in individuals with PD are identified from the literature. Characteristics of the programs and outcomes are reviewed and critiqued. Current studies on cognitive rehabilitation in PD demonstrate feasibility and acceptability of a cognitive rehabilitation program for patients with PD, but are limited by their small sample size and data regarding generalization of effects over the long term. Because PD involves progressive heterogeneous physical, neurological, and affective difficulties, future cognitive rehabilitation programs should aim for flexibility and individualization, according to each patient's strengths and deficits.

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