Effects of Prophylactic Lipofilling After Radiotherapy Compared to Non–Fat Injected Breasts: A Randomized, Objective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. NP597-NP607
Author(s):  
Marika Gentilucci ◽  
Marco Mazzocchi ◽  
Carmine Alfano
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Group A ◽  
Post Radiation ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Thickness Variations ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background Patients who are suffering from invasive breast cancer may require post-mastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT). PMRT improves outcomes in breast cancer patients in terms of locoregional recurrence. Preliminary studies indicate that fat injections reduce post-radiation damage of soft tissue and implants. Objectives The aim of this study was to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of prophylactic fat injections on radiated implanted breasts. Methods The authors randomly assigned 60 female patients to either Group A or B. Group A patients received 3 breast fat injections, according to Coleman’s technique, after radiotherapy and before expander removal with definitive implant insertion. Group B patients underwent surgery without lipofilling. At each surgical operation, skin biopsies were performed in a specific breast area to evaluate adipose tissue thickness, and a statistical analysis of the thickness variations was performed with the Wilcoxon’s sum test. Disability was assessed according to the Late Effects of Normal Tissues-Subjective Objective Management Analytic scale. Results The study demonstrates a qualitative and quantitative improvement about tissues after fat injection. This is highlighted by the significant increase in thickness after lipofilling. Conclusions The study, which is based on both clinical and histological findings and is supported by the comparison of a control group with a 1-year follow-up, demonstrates that fat injections reduce tissue radio damage, improving reconstructive surgery outcomes and quality of life. Level of Evidence: 2

Application of Gold Nanoparticles in Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Targeted Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1595-1602
Author(s):  
Yuli Wu ◽  
Junwei Song ◽  
Shengcui Liu ◽  
Xianglei Wei ◽  
Weiwei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

This study aimed to explore the application of super paramagnetic gold magnetic nanoparticles (Au-M-NPs) in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images for targeted diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. The reducibility of ethylene glycol to ferric chloride (FeCl3) was adopted to synthesize the Au-M-NPs by solvothermal method by taking acetic acid as the base source and trisodium citrate as the stabilizer. Besides, the synthesized Au-M-NPs were applied in the MRI images for targeted therapy of breast cancer. Patients from a blank group (group A), a control group (group B), and an experimental group (group C) received the traditional clinical diagnosis treatment, MRI diagnosis, and Au-M-NPs targeted therapy with MRI in turn. The results showed that the prepared Au-M-NPs were featured with small particle size and good dispersibility, and were monodispersive after surface modification. The intraoperative blood loss of patients from group A (115.3±9.33 mL) and group B (94.6±9.72 mL) was obviously higher than the loss of group C (68.4±8.7 mL) (P < 0.05). The drainage volume of patients from group B (162.4±12.3 mL) and group C (131.9±11.8 mL) decreased sharply after surgery compared with group A (193.7±11.8 mL), and that in group C was the lowest (P < 0.05). The proportion of local recurrence in patients from group B (12.3%) and group C (6.4%) dropped steeply in contrast to the proportion of group A (13.2%) (P < 0.05). The proportion of tumor metastasis in patients from group B (11.2%) and group C (8.4%) was greatly lower than that of group A (14.8%) (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the application of Au-M-NPs in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer with MRI could effectively reduce the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative adverse reactions.

scholarly journals Prospective study of hair recovery after (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy with scalp cooling in Japanese breast cancer patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shozo Ohsumi ◽  
Sachiko Kiyoto ◽  
Mina Takahashi ◽  
Seiki Takashima ◽  
Kenjiro Aogi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Scalp Cooling ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Chemotherapy Infusion ◽  
Group A ◽  
Neo Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Group B

Abstract Purpose Scalp cooling during chemotherapy infusion to mitigate alopecia for breast cancer patients is becoming widespread; however, studies regarding hair recovery after chemotherapy with scalp cooling are limited. We conducted a prospective study of hair recovery after chemotherapy with scalp cooling. Patients and methods One hundred and seventeen Japanese female breast cancer patients who completed planned (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy using the Paxman Scalp Cooling System for alopecia prevention were evaluated for alopecia prevention in our prospective study. We evaluated their hair recovery 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13 months after chemotherapy. Primary outcomes were grades of alopecia judged by two investigators (objective grades) and patients’ answers to the questionnaire regarding the use of a wig or hat (subjective grades). Results Of 117 patients, 75 completed scalp cooling during the planned chemotherapy cycles (Group A), but 42 discontinued it mostly after the first cycle (Group B). Objective and subjective grades were significantly better in Group A than in Group B throughout 1 year, and at 4 and 7 months after chemotherapy. When we restricted patients to those with objective Grade 3 (hair loss of > 50%) at 1 month, Group A exhibited slightly faster hair recovery based on the objective grades than Group B. There was less persistent alopecia in Group A than in Group B. Conclusions Scalp cooling during chemotherapy infusion for Japanese breast cancer patients increased the rate of hair recovery and had preventive effects against persistent alopecia.

Totally Implantable Venous Access Port Systems: Implant Depth-based Complications in Breast Cancer Therapy - A Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo Chen ◽  
Narasimha M. Beeraka ◽  
Yuanting Gu ◽  
Jingruo Li ◽  
Mikhail Sinelnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Venous Access ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Breast Cancer Therapy ◽  
Access Port ◽  
Group A ◽  
Venous Access Port ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Background: Totally implantable venous access port system (TIVAPS) is widely used in breast cancer therapy; TIVAPS has several associated complications depending on the depth of implantation in breast cancer (BC) patients during continuous infusional chemotherapy regimens. The purpose of this study is to find out the optimal depth of TIVAPS implantation to reduce the incidence of complications during infusional chemotherapy. Methods: This study reviewed the depth TIVAPS implantation in the internal jugular vein in 1282 breast cancer patients over a ten-year period (2009-2019), and associated complications. We segregated the patients as 5 groups: ‘Group A (depth < 4 mm), Group B (depth of 4-8 mm), Group C (depth of 8-12 mm), and Group D (depth of 12-16 mm), and Group E (depth of > 16 mm)’. Consequently, the ‘internal complications’ such as infection, venous thrombotic syndrome, catheter folding & migration, extravasation, whereas the ‘external complications’ viz., inflammation, local hematoma, local cutaneous reactions, and port exteriorization were significantly analyzed during TIVAPS implantation at different depths in BC patients. Results: Overall incidence of ‘internal complications’ such as infections, venous thrombotic syndrome, catheter folding & migration, and extravasation was comparatively lesser in Group C (8-12 mm) than Group A, Group B, Group D, and Group E, respectively. Mainly, the external complications such as inflammation Group C (8-12 mm) (p<0.01) were lesser (6.8%, 3/44 cases) than Group A, Group B, Group D, Group E. On a similar note, the local hematoma, and local cutaneous reaction, and port exteriorization were observed as ‘5% (1/20 cases), 4.2% (2/47 cases), and (3.2%, 1/31 cases)’ in Group C patients (p<0.01), which were comparatively lesser than the other groups. Conclusion: Subcutaneous implantation of TIVAPS at a depth of 8-12 mm could be preferred due to the lowest incidence of internal and external complications compared to the incidence of these complications in other groups; this depth could be referred to as the safe and convenient implantation depth for the effective delivery of chemotherapy regimen in BC patients without difficulty in transcutaneous access to the port.

Aesthetic outcome and patient’s quality of life in breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy with or without immediate reconstruction.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e12587-e12587
Author(s):  
Sidra Afzal ◽  
Asad Parvaiz ◽  
Nida Javed
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Immediate Reconstruction ◽  
Patient’S Satisfaction ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

e12587 Background: : Although post mastectomy Immediate breast reconstruction has shown to improve physical and psychosocial well-being of breast cancer patients, this is not a usual procedure in Pakistan due to limited resources and lack of awareness. The aim of our study is to evaluate patient’s satisfaction/ aesthetic outcomes between the patients undergoing mastectomy alone (Group A) and the ones undergoing mastectomy followed by immediate reconstruction (Group B). Methods: This is a prospective study conducted at Shaukat Khanum Hospital Pakistan comparing aesthetic outcome, patient’s satisfaction and Quality of life between two groups using Breast Q module. All patients undergoing mastectomy with and without reconstruction between April 2017 to July 2019 are included. Sample size of 84 was calculated (42 in each group). Results: The mean Q score of satisfaction with the breast in group B is 82.64 and in group A is 35.82 (P = 0.001). The mean Q score of Psychosocial well-being in group B is 89 vs 44.95 in group A (P = 0.001). The mean Q score of Physical well-being in group B is 98.23 vs 90.41 in group A (P = 0.002). The mean Q score of sexual well-being in group B is 81.93 vs 43 in Group A (P = 0.001). [Mean difference in score of 5-10 - little change, 10-20 - moderate change, > 20 - significant change].The mean difference between two groups in satisfaction with breast , psychosocial well-being and sexual well-being is more than 20 with a statistically significant p-value, while in physical well-being the mean difference is 7.8 which falls in little change group. Conclusions: Our study shows that reconstruction helps breast cancer patients in providing comprehensive care in a manner that they achieve a higher satisfaction with their appearance, psychological and sexual well-being without compromising oncological safety and this should be practiced more in our country. Also patients education about these procedures should be raised to help them fighting against this disease

Sports Hernia in National Hockey League Players

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Jakoi ◽  
Craig O’Neill ◽  
Christopher Damsgaard ◽  
Keith Fehring ◽  
James Tom
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
National Hockey League ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sports Hernia ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Athletic Pubalgia ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Athletic pubalgia is a complex injury that results in loss of play in competitive athletes, especially hockey players. The number of reported sports hernias has been increasing, and the importance of their management is vital. There are no studies reporting whether athletes can return to play at preinjury levels. Purpose: The focus of this study was to evaluate the productivity of professional hockey players before an established athletic pubalgia diagnosis contrasted with the productivity after sports hernia repair. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Professional National Hockey League (NHL) players who were reported to have a sports hernia and who underwent surgery from 2001 to 2008 were identified. Statistics were gathered on the players’ previous 2 full seasons and compared with the statistics 2 full seasons after surgery. Data concerning games played, goals, average time on ice, time of productivity, and assists were gathered. Players were divided into 3 groups: group A incorporated all players, group B were players with 6 or fewer seasons of play, and group C consisted of players with 7 or more seasons of play. A control group was chosen to compare player deterioration or improvement over a career; each player selected for the study had a corresponding control player with the same tenure in his career and position during the same years. Results: Forty-three hockey players were identified to have had sports hernia repairs from 2001 to 2008; ultimately, 80% would return to play 2 or more full seasons. Group A had statistically significant decreases in games played, goals scored, and assists. Versus the control group, the decreases in games played and assists were supported. Statistical analysis showed significant decreases in games played, goals scored, assists, and average time on ice the following 2 seasons in group C, which was also seen in comparison with the control group. Group B (16 players) showed only statistical significance in games played versus the control group. Conclusion: Players who undergo sports hernia surgeries return to play and often perform similar to their presurgery level. Players with over 7 full seasons return but with significant decreases in their overall performance levels. Less veteran players were able to return to play without any statistical decrease in performance and are likely the best candidates for repair once incurring injury.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Exercise Interventions on Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 153473541988059
Author(s):  
Tetiana Odynets ◽  
Yuriy Briskin ◽  
Valentina Todorova
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Water Exercise ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different exercise interventions on quality of life parameters in breast cancer patients during 1 year of outpatient rehabilitation. Material and Methods: A total of 115 breast cancer patients met the eligibility criteria and completed the study. Participants were randomly allocated for the water exercise interventions (group A, n = 45), for the Pilates exercise interventions (group B, n = 40), and yoga exercise interventions (group C, n = 30). The 3 groups attended relevant programs for 1 year and received 144 rehabilitation sessions. Quality of life parameters were assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy questionnaire with a specific module for breast cancer patients (FACT-B). Quality of life data were recorded at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of exercise interventions. Results: A significant increase in quality of life indicators was observed in participants of all groups. Based on the results of the 12-month monitoring, patients of group A scored significantly more points for emotional well-being compared with group B and group C by 1.40 points ( P < .05) and 1.69 points ( P < .01), respectively, as well as by breast cancer subscale by 2.15 points ( P < .05) compared with group B. Patients in group C scored significantly better compared with group A in social/family well-being by 2.80 points ( P < .01). Conclusions: It was found that using water exercise intervention is more effective for improving emotional well-being and decreasing negative symptoms associated with breast cancer treatment compared with Pilates and yoga interventions, while yoga was more effective in improving social/family well-being. Further research on water interventions for different populations is warranted.

Reduction of Breast Cancer Lymph Node Metastasis by Nano-Carbon Absorption of 5-Fluorouracil

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-412
Author(s):  
Junheng Bai ◽  
Tingyu Guo ◽  
Wenwen Dong ◽  
Yingming Song ◽  
Tingfang Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Clinical Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Node Metastases ◽  
Nano Carbon ◽  
Group B ◽  
And Control

To observe the clinical effect of nano-carbon adsorption of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on Breast cancer lymph node metastasis in New Zealand rabbits. A breast cancer animal model was established by local injection of a VX2 tumor tissue suspension in thirty New Zealand rabbits. An observation group, control group A, and control group B were established using a random number table, with ten rabbits in each group. Once tumors with a diameter ≥5 mm were identified in the lymph nodes, the animals received the intervention. The observation group had nano-carbon-5-FU suspension subcutaneously injected, control group A had 5-FU subcutaneously injected through the ear margin, and control group B had 5-FU subcutaneously injected; all received a drug dose of 30 mg · kg–1. Half of the animals in the three groups were killed following treatment for thirty minutes, while the rest of the animals were killed following treatment for seven days. Tumors and lymphatic metastases were removed. Tumor and lymphatic metastasis volume were compared. H&E stained sections were used to determine the ND of tumor cells. A dTUP TUNEL assay using Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT) was used to assess tumor cell apoptosis. The expression level of casapase-3 mRNA in tumors and lymphoid tissues was determined using RT-PCR. After treatment for 30 mins, the observation group exhibited a significantly higher 5-FU concentration in lymph node metastases, and significantly lower 5-FU concentrations in plasma and tumors. Nano-carbon can increase the 5-FU concentration in tumor tissue, as well as enhance the clinical effect of drugs on lymph node metastases.

scholarly journals Impact of Different Modules of 21-Gene Assay in Early Breast Cancer Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengdi Chen ◽  
Deyue Liu ◽  
Weilin Chen ◽  
Weiguo Chen ◽  
Kunwei Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Gene Assay ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Young patients were under-evaluated in the construction and validation of the 21-gene Assay Recurrence Score (RS). Previous evidence suggested that RS performed differently according the ages of patients. Our study aimed to explore the molecular driving patterns in patients of different ages.Methods: A total of 1,078 estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer patients between Jan 2009 and Mar 2017 from Shanghai Jiao Tong University Breast Cancer Data Base were divided into three subgroups: Group A, ≤40y and premenopausal (n=97); Group B, >40y and premenopausal (n=284); Group C, postmenopausal (n=697). The correlation of RS and its modules and the variance of RS modules was explored.Results: Estrogen module had a stronger correlation with RS in patients >40y (ρ = -0.76 in Group B and -0.79 in Group C) compared with patients ≤40y (ρ = -0.64). Contrarily, the correlation between RS and invasion group was weaker in patients >40y (ρ = 0.29 in Group B and 0.25 in Group C) than in patients ≤40y (ρ = 0.44). The proliferation module contributed most to the variance in young patients (37.3%) while ER module contributed most in old patients (54.1% in Group B and 53.4% in Group C). For RS >25, proliferation module was the leading driver in all three subgroups (ρ = 0.38, 0.53 and 0.52 in Group A, B and C) while estrogen module had a weaker association with RS. The negative impact of ER related features on RS was stronger in clinical low-risk patients while the positive effect of proliferation module was stronger in clinical high-risk patients.Conclusions: RS was primarily driven by estrogen module in patients regardless of age, but the proliferation module had a stronger impact on RS in patients ≤40y than in those >40y. The impact of modules varied in patients with different genetic and clinical risk.

CEA as a prognostic factor in locally advanced breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10705-10705
Author(s):  
N. Valeri ◽  
N. Battelli ◽  
C. Mariotti ◽  
A. Santinelli ◽  
W. Siquini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Advanced Breast Cancer ◽  
Locally Advanced Breast Cancer ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Advanced Breast ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Ca 15.3 ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

10705 Background: CEA and CA 15.3 are most commonly used to evaluate disease progression in metastatic and recurrent breast cancer. Only few significant studies showed a potential predictive role of CEA and CA 15.3 in adjuvant or neoadjuvant setting. We evaluated the correlation between tumour markers level at diagnosis and outcome in locally advanced breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: Patients with locally advanced breast cancer (T > 3.5 cm and T4) at diagnosis entered the study. All patients had to have initial negative staging (chest X-ray, abdominal ultrasonography, bone scintigraphy and CT scan), whereas all patients who developed metastatic disease in sites which were uncertain during initial staging were excluded. Tumour markers at diagnosis were considered negative if CEA was inferior to 5 ng/ml and CA 15.3 inferior to 35 U/ml. All patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (4–6 cycles with regimens containing Anthracyclines and Taxanes or FEC). Most of patients underwent radical mastectomy followed by sequential radiation therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy and/or hormonotherapy in hormonal responsive patients. Results: Fifty-three patients entered the study. At a median follow up of 73 months, 35 patients were disease free after adjuvant treatment (group A), whereas 18 patients developed metastatic disease during follow-up (group B). At diagnosis 14 patients had CA 15.3 greater than 34 U/ml (7 in group A and 7 in group B), 6 patients had CEA greater than 5 ng/ml (1 in group A and 5 in group B) and 18 patients had CEA or CA 15.3 greater than normal values (7 in group A and 11 in group B).We analyzed DFS and OS in patients with normal (CEA < 5 ng/ml, CA15.3 < 35 U/ml) and elevated (CEA ≥ 5 ng/ml, CA 15.3 ≥ 35 U/ml) tumour markers at diagnosis; DFS (p = 0.001) and OS (p = 0.03) were significantly reduced in patients with elevated CEA at diagnosis; differences were not statistically significant for CA 15.3 (p > 0.05). Conclusions: CEA levels before neoadjuvant treatment could represent an important prognostic factor and may influence the choice of treatment in locally advanced breast cancer patients . No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Safety and efficacy of dicarbamin in patients with early breast cancer receving DAC (docetaxel, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide) chemotherapy in adjuvant setting.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e12012-e12012
Author(s):  
Mikhail V. Kopp ◽  
Irina Koroleva ◽  
Anastasia Mochalova ◽  
Leonid Shaplygin
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Early Breast Cancer ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Dose Intensity ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Quick Recovery ◽  
Chemotherapy Administration ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

e12012 Background: One of the most serious potential side effects of chemotherapy is neutropenia. Grade 3 and 4 neutropenia is especially problematic because of increased incidence of infections, hospitalization, antibiotic treatment, necessity to reduce therapy intensity. The intensity of adjuvant chemotherapy is the key to successful treatment. Dicarbamin is agent for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Dicarbamin therapy decreases dystrophic changes in myeloid progenitor cells and decreases the relative number of cells with signs of apoptosis. We conducted an analysis of efficacy of dicarbamin in patients during docetaxel-based chemotherapy. Methods: Between May 2011 and July 2012, 87 patients with early breast cancer were treated with adjuvant DAC regimens (docetaxel 75 mg/m2, doxorubicin 50 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2 every 3 weeks). All patients were female. All patients were treated with these regimens without prophylactic growth factor support. 42 patients of control (group A) were not given any prophylaxis of neutropenia. 45 patients (group B) were given dicarbamin 100 mg/day on day 5 before chemotherapy administration. Treatment with dicarbamin continued for all treatment period. Neutropenia was evaluated with Common Toxicity Criteria, Version 3.0. Results: Median age was 47 (29 – 55). Grade 4 neutropenia was reported in 13 (30.9%) patients treated without dicarbamin (A) and in 8 (17.7%) patients treated with dicarbamin (B). Grade 4 neutropenia was observed in 39 cycles in group A and in 22 cycles in group B (p=0.016). The beneficial effect of dicarbamin was also demonstrated by a quick recovery of granulocytes levels than in controls. In 17 (37.7%) patients treated with dicarbamin granulocytes levels were normal all period of chemotherapy. The dose intensity of chemotherapy was more in group with dicarbamin prophilaxis. The toxicity of dicarbamin was not observed. Conclusions: Dicarbamin is an active agent for prophylaxis of neutropenia without specific toxicity. The intensity of the DAC-chemotherapy was more in group with dicarbamin prophilaxis.

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