scholarly journals Incorporation of Fatty Acids as a Biomarker of Dietary Intake and Source is Fatty Acid and Blood Fraction Specific in CD-1 Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 483-483
Author(s):  
Allison Unger ◽  
Thomas Jetton ◽  
Emily Bono ◽  
James Whitley ◽  
Jana Kraft
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Stearidonic Acid ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Echium Oil ◽  
Dairy Fat ◽  
Blood Fraction

Abstract Objectives Accurate biomarkers of fatty acid (FA) intake and source (e.g., diet-derived FA) are an important assessment tool to study the role of dietary fat quality on metabolic health. The purpose of this study was to assess the incorporation of unique, dietary FA from fish oil, echium oil, and dairy fat into the red blood cell membranes (RBCM), plasma phospholipids (PPL), and plasma cholesterol esters (PCE) of genetically-outbred CD-1 mice. Methods At one month of age, mice were assigned to one of four isocaloric diets consisting either of a control fat blend or the control fat blend supplemented (30%) with fish oil, echium oil, or dairy fat (n = 10/diet/sex). After 52 weeks of feeding, cardiac blood was collected for FA analysis of RBCM, PPL, and PCE using gas-liquid chromatography. Results Expectedly, a higher proportion of fish-derived FA (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) was observed in the RBCM and PCE of fish oil-fed mice (P < 0.0001). Accordingly, a greater proportion of echium oil-derived γ-linolenic acid was incorporated into all blood fractions of echium oil-fed mice (P < 0.0001). Yet, stearidonic acid, specific to echium oil, was not detected in the RBCM of mice, and no differences in the proportion of stearidonic acid were found in the PPL and PCE. Odd-chain FA (pentadecanoic acid and heptadecanoic acid) were not exclusively enriched in the blood fractions of dairy-fed mice. Conversely, trans-palmitoleic acid, vaccenic acid, rumenic acid, and branched-chain FA were differentially incorporated into the PPL and PCE, while not detected in the RBCM. Conclusions In summary, unique, diet-derived FA are differentially incorporated into the blood fractions of mice, indicating that the incorporation of dietary FA into blood fractions is highly dependent upon the FA species. Therefore, diet-derived FA cannot be used universally as a reliable biomarker to validate dietary FA source in mice, rather, the specific FA and blood fraction must be carefully considered. Funding Sources Armin Grams Memorial Research Award, UVM Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine; USDA-NIFA Hatch Fund (accession number: 1,006,628).

scholarly journals Acute postprandial effect of hydrogenated fish oil, palm oil and lard on plasma cholesterol, triacylglycerol and non-esterified fatty acid metabolism in normocholesterolaemic males

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie M. Cantwell ◽  
Mary A.T. Flynn ◽  
Michael J. Gibney
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Postprandial Response ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The majority of research has focused on the association betweentransunsaturated fatty acids (TUFA) from hydrogenated vegetable oils and heart disease even though TUFA are also produced from hydrogenated fish oil. We compared the acute effect of three solid fats on postprandial cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TAG) and NEFA concentrations in normocholesterolaemic males. Eight healthy male volunteers consumed each of the three 40g fat meals (partially hydrogenated fish oil (PHFO), palm oil and lard) in random order and blood samples were drawn at 2, 4, 6 and 8h thereafter for lipid analysis. The postprandial response in plasma TAG, TAG-rich lipoprotein-TAG (TRL-TAG), total cholesterol and plasma NEFA, measured as the area under the postprandial curve, was not significantly different between the three meals (p>0·05), which varied in MUFA, PUFA and TUFA content. There was no marked elevation of longer-chain fatty acids (C20–22,cisortransisomers) into the TRL-TAG fraction following the PHFO meal even though they provided 40% of the total fatty acids in the PHFO meal. The postprandial TRL-TAG response to PHFO was expected to be higher, as it is higher in TUFA, lower in PUFA and similar in saturated fatty acid composition compared with the lard and palm oil test meals. The absence of a higher postprandial response following ingestion of PHFO could be as a result of reduced absorption and increased oxidation of long-chain fatty acids (bothcisandtransisomers)

scholarly journals Incorporation of Unique, Diet-derived Fatty Acids into Hepatic Tissue Is Associated with Improved Glucose Homeostasis in Aged CD-1 Mice (OR24-02-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Unger ◽  
Thomas Jetton ◽  
James Whitley ◽  
Jana Kraft
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Mouse Population ◽  
Echium Oil ◽  
Dairy Fat ◽  
Fa Composition

Abstract Objectives We hypothesized that the chronic consumption of unique dietary FA derived from dairy fat and echium oil, respectively, would affect the FA composition and content of the hepatic tissue and correlate with parameters of glucose homeostasis in an aged, genetically heterogeneous mouse population. Our objectives were to i) measure glucose homeostasis, ii) determine the FA composition of hepatic tissue, and iii) correlate physiologic data and hepatic FA content by diet and sex. Methods From one month of age, CD-1 male and female mice (n = 10/diet/sex) were fed either a high-fat (40% total energy) control diet comprising of the FA composition of the typical U.S. American diet (CO), or an isoenergetic diet with 30% of CO fat replaced with dairy fat (BO) or echium oil (EO) for the study duration of 13 months. Every three months, whole-body glucose homeostasis was assessed (i.e., glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests (GTT and ITT, respectively)). At the end of the study, hepatic tissue was collected and analyzed for FA composition via gas-liquid chromatography. Results Hepatic content of stearidonic acid (SDA; 18:4 n-3) and γ-linolenic acid (18:3 n-6) was greatest in EO-fed mice (P < .0001). Mice fed a BO-diet had the greatest hepatic content of total odd- and branched-chain FA (OBCFA) and conjugated linoleic acids (P < .0001), as well as a greater hepatic content of 18:1 isomers compared to EO-fed mice (P < .001). In EO-fed females, hepatic content of SDA correlated with improved glucose tolerance, as determined by GTT area under the curve (r = −.94; P < 0.01), and in EO-fed males, hepatic content of SDA was positively associated with improved insulin sensitivity (r = .79; P < 0.05). In BO-fed males, hepatic content of total OCFA was negatively correlated with fasting plasma insulin levels (r = −.83; P < 0.05), and hepatic content of total iso BCFA was associated with improved insulin sensitivity (r = −.89; P < 0.05). Conclusions These findings demonstrate that habitual consumption of unique FA derived from dairy fat and echium oil influences hepatic FA composition and content and correlates with improvements in whole-body glucose homeostasis in an aged population. Furthermore, this study suggests that dietary fat quality may be part of an effective preventative strategy for metabolic diseases such as T2D in the elderly. Funding Sources Armin Grams Memorial Research Award, UVM Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine; USDA-NIFA Hatch Fund (accession number: 1006628).

Effect of level of fish oil in the diet on flow of fatty acids to the small intestine in steers

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 151-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Kim ◽  
J. D. Wood ◽  
I. Richardson ◽  
S. A. Huws ◽  
N. D. Scollan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Long Chain

Previous studies have shown that including fish oil (FO) in the diet of beef cattle resulted in increased long chain C20n-3 PUFA (C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3) in muscle resulting in a lower n-6:n-3 ratio (Scollan et al., 2005). Fish oil is considered to be a good inhibitor of biohydrogenation in the rumen, resulting in increased production of C18:1 trans-11 (Vaccenic acid), the precursor for conjugated linoleic acid (CLA cis-9, trans-11) in muscle. This study investigated the effects of incremental levels of FO in the diet on fatty acid metabolism in the rumen.

scholarly journals Increased Levels of Vaccenic Acid in Bronchogenic Carcinoma Tissue

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Lawson ◽  
David Husband ◽  
James McGuigan ◽  
Deirdre C T Watson ◽  
Francis J Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Bronchogenic Carcinoma ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Tumour Tissue ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Carcinoma Tissue ◽  
Acid Ratio

Employing capillary gas liquid chromatography the levels of palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, cis-vaccenic, linoleic, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids were measured in lung tissue and lung tumours from 28 patients undergoing surgery for bronchogenic carcinoma. There were significant increases in the majority of fatty acids in tumour tissue compared to normal tissue when the results were expressed in absolute units. However, when the relative changes in fatty acid concentration were studied, the most consistent findings were a significant rise in vaccenic acid and a fall in palmitic acid in tumour tissue compared to normal tissue. This change in the vaccenic: palmitic acid ratio may reflect specific changes in fatty acid metabolism in bronchogenic carcinoma tissue involving a Δ-9 desaturase.

Comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of fenofibrate and fish oil treatments in mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (23) ◽  
pp. 1307-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingchang Lu ◽  
Mark V. Boekschoten ◽  
Suzan Wopereis ◽  
Michael Müller ◽  
Sander Kersten
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Upregulated Genes

Elevated circulating triglycerides, which are considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, can be targeted by treatment with fenofibrate or fish oil. To gain insight into underlying mechanisms, we carried out a comparative transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis of the effect of 2 wk treatment with fenofibrate and fish oil in mice. Plasma triglycerides were significantly decreased by fenofibrate (−49.1%) and fish oil (−21.8%), whereas plasma cholesterol was increased by fenofibrate (+29.9%) and decreased by fish oil (−32.8%). Levels of various phospholipid species were specifically decreased by fish oil, while levels of Krebs cycle intermediates were increased specifically by fenofibrate. Plasma levels of many amino acids were altered by fenofibrate and to a lesser extent by fish oil. Both fenofibrate and fish oil upregulated genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and downregulated genes involved in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. Significant overlap in gene regulation by fenofibrate and fish oil was observed, reflecting their property as high or low affinity agonist for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, respectively. Fenofibrate specifically downregulated genes involved in complement cascade and inflammatory response. Fish oil specifically downregulated genes involved in cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis and upregulated genes involved in amino acid and arachidonic acid metabolism. Taken together, the data indicate that despite being similarly potent toward modulating plasma free fatty acids, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, fish oil causes modest changes in gene expression likely via activation of multiple mechanistic pathways, whereas fenofibrate causes pronounced gene expression changes via a single pathway, reflecting the key difference between nutritional and pharmacological intervention.

Criteria for essential fatty acid deficiency in plasma as assessed by capillary column gas-liquid chromatography.

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1869-1873 ◽  
Author(s):  
E N Siguel ◽  
K M Chee ◽  
J X Gong ◽  
E J Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Capillary Column ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Mead Acid ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Abstract To develop criteria for deficiency of essential fatty acids (EFA), we used capillary-column gas-liquid chromatography to determine fatty acids (percentage of total fatty acids) in plasma obtained in the fasting state from 56 reference subjects and from 10 patients with intestinal fat malabsorption and suspected EFA deficiency. Fatty acid evaluations (percentage of total fatty acids) that allowed for a clear distinction (P less than 0.01) between reference subjects and patients, based on values two standard deviations below or above the reference mean, included values for linoleic acid (18:2w6) below 27%, and values for palmitic acid (16:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1w7), oleic acid (18:1w9), vaccenic acid (18:1w7), and Mead acid (20:3w9) exceeding 21%, 2.6%, 23.3%, 2.1%, and 0.21%, respectively. Ratios of total EFA to total non-EFA of less than 0.60 and of Mead acid to arachidonic acid of greater than 0.025 also served to identify patients, and were not found in reference subjects. Significant inverse correlations between percentages of plasma EFA and plasma mono-unsaturated fatty acids were noted. Our reference-interval data can be used to assess normality of plasma EFA status.

scholarly journals When balanced for precursor fatty acid supply echium oil is not superior to linseed oil in enriching lamb tissues with long-chain n-3 PUFA

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soressa M. Kitessa ◽  
Paul Young ◽  
Greg Nattrass ◽  
Graham Gardner ◽  
Kelly Pearce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Stearidonic Acid ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Pufa Content ◽  
Echium Oil ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Basal Ration

Vegetable oils containing stearidonic acid (SDA, 18 : 4n-3) are considered better precursors of long-chain n-3 PUFA (LC n-3 PUFA) than those with only α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18 : 3n-3). The present study re-examined this premise using treatments where added ALA from linseed oil was matched with ALA plus SDA from echium oil. Lambs (n 6) were abomasally infused with saline (control (C), 25 ml), echium oil low (EL, 25 ml), echium oil high (EH, 50 ml), linseed oil low (LL, 25 ml) or linseed oil high (LH, 50 ml) for 4 weeks. The basal ration used was identical across all treatments. EPA (20 : 5n-3) in meat increased from 6·5 mg in the C lambs to 16·8, 17·7, 13·5 and 11·7 (sem 0·86) mg/100 g muscle in the EL, EH, LL and LH lambs, respectively. For muscle DPA (docosapentaenoic acid; 22 : 5n-3), the corresponding values were 14·3, 22·2, 18·6 18·2 and 19·4 (sem 0·57) mg/100 g muscle. The DHA (22 : 6n-3) content of meat was 5·8 mg/100 g in the C lambs and ranged from 4·53 to 5·46 (sem 0·27) mg/100 g muscle in the oil-infused groups. Total n-3 PUFA content of meat (including ALA and SDA) increased from 39 mg to 119, 129, 121 and 150 (sem 12·3) mg/100 g muscle. We conclude that both oil types were effective in enhancing the EPA and DPA, but not DHA, content of meat. Furthermore, we conclude that, when balanced for precursor n-3 fatty acid supply, differences between linseed oil and echium oil in enriching meat with LC n-3 PUFA were of little, if any, nutritional significance.

scholarly journals Effect of High Dietary Level (8%) of Fish Oil on Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid n-3 Content in Pig Tissues and Plasma Biochemical Parameters

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1657
Author(s):  
Tomas Komprda ◽  
Miroslav Jůzl ◽  
Milena Matejovičová ◽  
Lenka Levá ◽  
Markéta Piechowiczová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Fish ◽  
Physiological Markers ◽  
Long Chain

There were two objectives of the present study using dietary fish oil (FO) in pigs: to use pigs as a model for studying the effects of high FO doses on selected physiological markers; and to evaluate the physical traits and nutritive value of pork enriched with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3. Two groups of six female pigs were fed for 30 days with either a standard feed mixture (control, C) or the same mixture supplemented with 8% FO (F). Physical characteristics of the muscle, fatty acid deposition in tissues and selected hematologic and plasma markers were tested. The daily weight gain of the F-pigs was lower in comparison with controls (p < 0.05). Dietary fish oil decreased Warner-Bratzler shear force of the longissimus muscle (p < 0.01). The eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid content was higher (p < 0.05) in all tested F-tissues. Dietary fish oil had no effect on plasma cholesterol (p < 0.05), but it increased plasma triacylglycerol levels by 260% (p < 0.05), and increased counts of leukocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils in the blood plasma (p < 0.05). In conclusion, high dietary FO improved the texture and nutritive value of meat, but negatively affected plasma biochemical parameters.

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