Effects of a Microbiome Restoration Strategy on Metabolic Markers in Healthy Adults

Abstract Objectives Industrialization has increased chronic disease prevalence, potentially due to lifestyle-induced disruptions of the gut microbiome. Decreased intake of dietary fibers is likely a key factor as they play an important role in chronic disease prevention and are growth substrates for the gut microbiota. Strategies that restore microbiome diversity, such as reintroducing health-promoting bacterial species and microbiota accessible carbohydrates (MACs), have been proposed to improve health but have not yet been systematically tested. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a microbiome restoration strategy on metabolic markers in healthy adults. Methods Using a randomized controlled pilot study, 30 subjects consumed either a MAC-rich diet or their usual diet for three weeks each in a crossover fashion, with a three-week washout following each diet period. Participants were further divided into three groups and consumed either a single dose of one of two Limosilactobacillus reuteri strains, a rare species in industrialized microbiomes, or a placebo on day four of each diet period. Metabolic markers (standard lipid panel, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP)) were assessed in blood collected at the start and end of each diet period. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Results Compared to baseline, the MAC-rich diet induced substantial metabolic changes, as it reduced total cholesterol (P < 0.0001), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.0001), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P < 0.0001), non-HDL cholesterol (P < 0.0001), and glucose (P < 0.01). Other metabolic markers, such as insulin and CRP, were not significantly affected. Though the MAC-rich diet increased L. reuteri persistence in the gut for eight days (P < 0.05), the metabolic effects were independent of L. reuteri supplementation. Conclusions Our results show that a MAC-rich diet significantly benefited metabolic markers and transiently enhanced the persistence of a lost bacterial species in the gut. Ongoing analyses are exploring how the gut microbiome specifically contributes to the observed health effects of the MAC-rich diet. Funding Sources This work was supported by the Weston Family Microbiome Initiative, CIHR, Alberta Innovates Postgraduate Fellowship, and Science Foundation Ireland.

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High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Triglyceride and Oxidized HDL: New Lipid Biomarkers of Lipoprotein-Related Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9050362 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 362 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fumiaki Ito ◽

Tomoyuki Ito

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipid Peroxide ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

High Density ◽

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Lipid Panel ◽

Lipid Markers ◽

Dysfunctional Hdl

Lipid markers are well-established predictors of vascular disease. The most frequently measured lipid markers are total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride. HDL reduces atherosclerosis by multiple mechanisms, leading to a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, and HDL-C, as a metric of HDL quantity, is inversely associated with cardiovascular disease, independent of LDL-C. However, the quality of the HDL appears to be more important than its quantity, because HDL loses its antiatherogenic functions due to changes in its composition and becomes “dysfunctional HDL”. Although there is evidence of the existence of “dysfunctional HDL”, biomarkers for monitoring dysfunctional HDL in clinical practice have not yet been established. In this review, we propose a new lipid panel for the assessment of dysfunctional HDL and lipoprotein-related atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The lipid panel includes the measurement of lipid peroxide and triglyceride contents within HDL particles.

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Association of osteocalcin, insulin resistance and oxidative stress during noncomplicated pregnancy

LaboratoriumsMedizin ◽

10.1515/labmed-2016-0024 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Marina Pijanović ◽

Aleksandra Stefanović ◽

Milica Miljković ◽

Snežana Marić-Krejović ◽

Slavica Spasić

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Progressive Increase ◽

Oxidative Status ◽

Insulin Resistant ◽

Uncomplicated Pregnancy ◽

Lipid Status

AbstractBackground:The aim of this study was to explore longitudinal changes of serum osteocalcin during normal, uncomplicated pregnancy and after delivery, and its correlations with parameters of glucose homeostasis, lipid status, and oxidative status in late pregnancy.Methods:Osteocalcin, glucose, insulin, lipid status parameters, total oxidative status (TOS), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured in sera of 38 healthy pregnant women. The sera were collected at the midpoint of the 1Results:Repeated measures analysis of variance showed a progressive increase in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, with a postpartum decrease. High density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol increased in the 2Conclusions:We observed the changes in pregnancy that may lead towards atherogenic, prooxidant and insulin resistant state, which are possibly counterbalanced by various protective systems, one of which might be osteocalcin.

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Additional Metabolic Effects of Bariatric Surgery in Patients with a Poor Mid-Term Weight Loss Response: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9103193 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 3193

Author(s):

David Benaiges ◽

Maria Bisbe ◽

Juan Pedro-Botet ◽

Aleix de Vargas-Machuca ◽

Jose M. Ramon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Metabolic Markers ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Lower Baseline ◽

Poor Weight Loss

To ascertain the 5-year metabolic effects of bariatric surgery in poor weight loss (WL) responders and establish associated factors. Methods: Retrospective analysis of a non-randomised prospective cohort of bariatric surgery patients completing a 5-year follow-up. Mid-term poor WL was considered when 5-year excess weight loss was <50%. Results: Forty-three (20.3%) of the 212 included patients were mid-term poor WL responders. They showed an improvement in all metabolic markers at 2 years, except for total cholesterol. This improvement with respect to baseline was maintained at 5 years for plasma glucose, HbA1c, HOMA, HDL and diastolic blood pressure; however, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and systolic blood pressure were similar to presurgical values. Comorbidity remission rates were comparable to those obtained in the good WL group except for hypercholesterolaemia (45.8% vs. poor WL, p = 0.005). On multivariate analysis, lower baseline HDL cholesterol levels, advanced age and lower preoperative weight loss were independently associated with poor mid-term WL. Conclusions: Although that 1 in 5 patients presented suboptimal WL 5 years after bariatric surgery, other important metabolic benefits were maintained.

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Increasing levels of Parasutterella in the gut microbiome correlate with improving low-density lipoprotein levels in healthy adults consuming resistant potato starch during a randomised trial

BMC Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s40795-020-00398-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jason R. Bush ◽

Michelle J. Alfa

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiome ◽

Potato Starch ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Randomised Trial ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Low Density ◽

Link Type ◽

Health Parameters

Abstract Background Prebiotics, defined as a substrate that is selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit, present a potential option to optimize gut microbiome health. Elucidating the relationship between specific intestinal bacteria, prebiotic intake, and the health of the host remains a primary microbiome research goal. Objective To assess the correlations between gut microbiota, serum health parameters, and prebiotic consumption in healthy adults. Methods We performed ad hoc exploratory analysis of changes in abundance of genera in the gut microbiome of 75 participants from a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial that evaluated the effects of resistant potato starch (RPS; MSPrebiotic®, N = 38) intervention versus a fully digestible placebo (N = 37) for which primary and secondary outcomes have previously been published. Pearson correlation analysis was used to identify relationships between health parameters (ie. blood glucose and lipids) and populations of gut bacteria. Results Abundance of Parasutterella (phylum Proteobacteria) tended to increase in the gut microbiome of individuals consuming RPS and those increases in Parasutterella were correlated with reductions in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in participants consuming RPS but not placebo. Segregating RPS-consuming individuals whose LDL levels decreased (ie “Responders”) from those who did not (ie. “Non-Responders”) revealed that LDL Responders had significantly higher levels of Parasutterella both at baseline and after 12 weeks of consuming RPS. Conclusion Our analyses suggest that RPS may help improve LDL levels depending upon the levels of Parasutterella in an individual’s gut microbiome. Trial registration This study protocol was reviewed and approved by Health Canada (Submission #188517; “Notice of Authorization” dated 06/05/13) and registered as NCT01977183 (10/11/13) listed on NIH website: ClinicalTrials.gov. Data generated in this study have been submitted to NCBI (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/381931). Funding MSP Starch Products Inc.

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Meals with Similar Fat Content from Different Dairy Products Induce Different Postprandial Triglyceride Responses in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Trial

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/nxy291 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 149 (3) ◽

pp. 422-431 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Patrik Hansson ◽

Kirsten B Holven ◽

Linn K L Øyri ◽

Hilde K Brekke ◽

Anne S Biong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Products ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Similar Amount ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Postprandial Triglyceride ◽

Sour Cream ◽

Whipped Cream

ABSTRACTBackgroundPostprandial lipemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Dairy products differ in nutrient content and food matrix, and little is known about how different dairy products affect postprandial triglyceride (TG) concentrations.ObjectiveWe investigated the effect of meals with similar amounts of fat from different dairy products on postprandial TG concentrations over 6 h in healthy adults.MethodsA randomized controlled cross-over study was performed on 47 subjects (30% men), with median (25th–75th percentile) age of 32 (25–46) y and body mass index of 23.6 (21.0–25.8) kg/m2. Meals included 1 of butter, cheese, whipped cream, or sour cream, corresponding to 45 g of fat (approximately 60 energy%). Serum concentrations of TGs (primary outcome), and total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL cholesterol), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL cholesterol), insulin, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, and plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (secondary outcomes) were measured before the meal and 2, 4, and 6 h postprandially. Incremental AUC (iAUC) was calculated for the responses, and data were analyzed using a linear mixed model.ResultsSour cream induced a 61% larger TG-iAUC0–6 h compared to whipped cream (P < 0.001), a 53% larger TG-iAUC0–6 h compared to butter (P < 0.001), and a 23% larger TG-iAUC0–6 h compared to cheese (P = 0.05). No differences in TG-iAUC0–6 h between the other meals were observed. Intake of sour cream induced a larger HDL cholesterol-iAUC0–6 h compared to cheese (P = 0.01). Intake of cheese induced a 124% larger insulin iAUC0–6 h compared to butter (P = 0.006). No other meal effects were observed.ConclusionsHigh-fat meals containing similar amount of fat from different dairy products induce different postprandial effects on serum TGs, HDL cholesterol, and insulin in healthy adults. The potential mechanisms and clinical impact of our findings remain to be further elucidated. The study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02836106.

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Training intensity, blood lipids, and apolipoproteins in men with high cholesterol

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1997.82.1.270 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 270-277 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Stephen F. Crouse ◽

Barbara C. O’Brien ◽

Peter W. Grandjean ◽

Robert C. Lowe ◽

J. James Rohack ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Blood Lipids ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Cycle Ergometer ◽

Training Intensity ◽

High Cholesterol ◽

Apo B

Crouse, Stephen F., Barbara C. O’Brien, Peter W. Grandjean, Robert C. Lowe, J. James Rohack, John S. Green, and Homer Tolson.Training intensity, blood lipids, and apolipoproteins in men with high cholesterol. J. Appl. Physiol.82(1): 270–277, 1997.—Twenty-six hypercholesterolemic men (mean cholesterol, 258 mg/dl; age, 47 yr; weight, 81.9 kg) completed 24 wk of cycle ergometer training (3 days/wk, 350 kcal/session) at either high ( n = 12) or moderate ( n = 14) intensity (80 and 50% maximal O2uptake, respectively, randomly assigned) to test the influence of training intensity on blood lipid and apolipoprotein (apo) concentrations. All physiological, lipid, and apo measurements were completed at 0, 8, 16, and 24 wk. Lipid data were analyzed via two × four repeated-measures analysis of variance (∝ = 0.0031). Training produced a significant decrease in body weight and increase in maximal O2uptake. No interactions between intensity and weeks of training were noted for any lipid or apo variable, and no between-group differences were significant before or throughout training. Therefore, intensity did not affect the training response. Regardless of intensity, apo AI and apo B fell 9 and 13%, respectively, by week 16 and remained lower through week 24( P < 0.0003). Total cholesterol fell transiently (−5.5%) by week 16( P < 0.0021) but returned to initial levels by week 24. Triglyceride, low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol did not change with training. In contrast, HDL2cholesterol rose 79% above initial levels by week 8 and 82% above initial levels by week 24( P < 0.0018); HDL3cholesterol fell 8 and 13% over the same training intervals ( P< 0.0026). These data show that changes in blood lipid and apo concentrations that accompany training in hypercholesterolemic men are not influenced by exercise intensity when caloric expenditure is held constant.

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Lower than average HDL cholesterol efflux capacity in Lithuanian population

Lipids in Health and Disease ◽

10.1186/s12944-019-1124-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sandra Kutkiene ◽

Zaneta Petrulioniene ◽

Dovile Karciauskaite ◽

Aleksandras Laucevicius ◽

Gabija Matuzevicienė ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Abdominal Circumference ◽

Control Group ◽

Residual Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hdl Function ◽

Lipid Panel

Abstract Background The aim of our study was to evaluate high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) efflux capacity in healthy controls and patients with severe dyslipidemia. Evaluation of HDL function may be beneficial for better understanding of cardiovascular diseases, as well as for taking actions to minimize residual cardiovascular risk. Methods During 2016–2017 a total of 93 participants – 48 (51.6%) women and 45 (48.4%) men – were included in this cross-sectional study. Data of 45 (48.4%) participants with severe dyslipidemia (SD) and 48 (51.6%) controls without dyslipidemia was used for statistical analysis. Total lipid panel, concentration of lipoprotein (a) and apolipoproteins were measured, data about cardiovascular risk factors were collected and detailed evaluation of HDL-C quality was performed for all patients. Results Increased HDL-C concentration was associated with higher ApoA1 (r = 0.866 in controls, r = 0.63 in SD group), ApoA2 (r = 0.41 in controls, r = 0.418 in SD group) and LDL-C concentrations (r = − 0.412 in SD group), lower ApoE (r = − 0.314 in SD group) and TG concentrations (r = − 0.38 in controls, r = − 0.608 in SD group), lower ApoB/ApoA1 ratio (r = − 0.567 in control group), below average HDL-C efflux capacity (r = − 0.335 in SD group), lower BMI (r = − 0.327 in controls, r = − 0.531 in SD group) and abdominal circumference (r = − 0.309 in women with SD). Below-average HDL-C efflux capacity was found in 67.7% (N = 63) of participants. It was more often found among patients with normal weight or BMI 30–31 kg/m2. HDL-C efflux capacity was inversely associated with HDL-C concentration (r = − 0.228). Conclusion Abnormal HDL function may be associated with residual cardiovascular risk in Lithuanian population.

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Low-dose dexamethasone administration for 3 weeks favorably affects plasma HDL concentration and composition but does not affect very low-density lipoprotein kinetics

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-12-0180 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 167 (2) ◽

pp. 217-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Xuewen Wang ◽

Faidon Magkos ◽

Bruce W Patterson ◽

Dominic N Reeds ◽

Janine Kampelman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Plasma Lipoprotein ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Low Density ◽

Particle Sizes ◽

Lipoprotein Subclass ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

ObjectiveSubclinical hypercortisolemia often occurs in subjects with features of the metabolic syndrome, and it has been suggested that it may be, at least in part, responsible for the development of these metabolic abnormalities. However, the metabolic effects of glucocorticoid administration to mimic subclinical glucocorticoid excess have not been evaluated.MethodsWe used stable isotope-labeled tracer methods in conjunction with magnetic resonance techniques to measure the effect of glucocorticoid excess within the physiological range (∼0.7 mg dexamethasone/day for 3 weeks) on glucose and free fatty acid (FFA) rates of appearance (Ra) into plasma, intrahepatic triglyceride (TG) content, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG and VLDL-apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) kinetics and plasma lipoprotein subclass concentrations, and particle sizes in nine overweight and obese individuals.ResultsDexamethasone treatment led to a very small but significant increase in body weight (from 87.4±7.1 to 88.6±7.2 kg; P=0.003) and increased HDL-cholesterol (from 45.9±2.8 to 55.1±4.6 mg/dl; P=0.037) and HDL particle (from 33.7±2.2 to 41.4±4.2 nmol/l; P=0.023) concentrations in plasma but had no effect on intrahepatic TG content, glucose and FFA Ra in plasma, hepatic VLDL-TG and VLDL-apoB-100 secretion rates and mean residence times in the circulation, plasma TG and LDL-cholesterol concentrations, and plasma lipoprotein particle sizes.ConclusionSubclinical hypercortisolemia does not have significant adverse metabolic consequences.

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Increasing levels of Parasutterella in the gut microbiome correlate with improving Low-Density Lipoprotein levels in healthy adults consuming resistant potato starch during a randomised trial

10.21203/rs.3.rs-49977/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jason Russell Bush ◽

Michelle J Alfa

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiome ◽

Potato Starch ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Randomised Trial ◽

Health Benefit ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Low Density ◽

Health Parameters

Abstract Background Prebiotics, defined as a substrate that is selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit, present a potential option to optimize gut microbiome health. Elucidating the relationship between specific intestinal bacteria, prebiotic intake, and the health of the host remains a primary microbiome research goal. Objective To assess the correlations between gut microbiota, serum health parameters, and prebiotic consumption in healthy adults. Methods We performed ad hoc exploratory analysis of changes in abundance of genera in the gut microbiome of 75 participants from a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial that evaluated the effects of resistant potato starch (RPS; MSPrebiotic®, N = 38) intervention versus a fully digestible placebo (N = 37) for which primary and secondary outcomes have previously been published. Pearson correlation analysis was used to identify relationships between health parameters (ie. blood glucose and lipids) and populations of gut bacteria. Results Abundance of Parasutterella (phylum Proteobacteria) tended to increase in the gut microbiome of individuals consuming RPS and those increases in Parasutterella were correlated with reductions in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in participants consuming RPS but not placebo. Segregating RPS-consuming individuals whose LDL levels decreased (ie “Responders”) from those who did not (ie. “Non-Responders”) revealed that LDL Responders had significantly higher levels of Parasutterella both at baseline and after 12 weeks of consuming RPS. Conclusion Our analyses suggest that RPS may help improve LDL levels depending upon the levels of Parasutterella in an individual’s gut microbiome. Trial Registration: This study protocol was reviewed and approved by Health Canada (Submission #188517; “Notice of Authorization” dated 06/05/13) and registered as NCT01977183 (10/11/13) listed on NIH website: ClinicalTrials.gov. Data generated in this study have been submitted to NCBI (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/381931).

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Usefulness of Lipid Apheresis in the Treatment of Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Journal of Lipids ◽

10.1155/2014/864317 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Matthew Lui ◽

Ross Garberich ◽

Craig Strauss ◽

Thomas Davin ◽

Thomas Knickelbine

Keyword(s):

Alternative Treatment ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Cardiac Events ◽

Statin Intolerance ◽

Lipid Apheresis ◽

Lipid Panel

Lipid apheresis is used to treat patients with severe hyperlipidemia by reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). This study examines the effect of apheresis on the lipid panel and cardiac event rates before and after apheresis. An electronic health record screen of ambulatory patients identified 11 active patients undergoing lipid apheresis with 10/11 carrying a diagnosis of FH. Baseline demographics, pre- and postapheresis lipid levels, highest recorded LDL-C, cardiac events, current medications, and first apheresis treatment were recorded. Patients completed a questionnaire and self-reported risk factors and interest in alternative treatment. There were significant reductions in mean total cholesterol (−58.4%), LDL-C (−71.9%), triglycerides (−51%), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (−9.3%), and non-HDL (−68.2%) values. Thirty-four cardiac events were documented in 8 patients before apheresis, compared with 9 events in 5 patients after apheresis. Our survey showed a high prevalence of statin intolerance (64%), with the majority (90%) of participants indicating an interest in alternative treatment options. Our results have shown that lipid apheresis primary effect is a marked reduction in LDL-C cholesterol levels and may reduce the recurrence of cardiac events. Apheresis should be compared to the newer alternative treatment modalities in a randomized fashion due to patient interest in alternative options.

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