scholarly journals An 8-week Controlled Feeding Trial Based on the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Has Minimal Effect on the Fecal Microbiota in Overweight and Obese Women (FS11-08-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Piccolo ◽  
Sridevi Krishnan ◽  
Kartik Shankar ◽  
Sree Chintapalli ◽  
Kikumi Ono-Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Typical American Diet ◽  
Typical American

Abstract Objectives To determine whether a high quality diet based on the 2010 Dietary Guidelines of America (DGA) alters the composition of the fecal microbiome in individuals at risk for cardiometabolic disease, compared to a diet based on a typical American diet (TAD). Methods A total of 52 overweight and obese women were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, controlled feeding trial. Women were randomly assigned to the DGA or TAD group (n = 28 DGA and 24 TAD). Diets matched each participant's estimated energy requirement and subjects remained weight-stable. The DGA diet was based on the 2010 DGA food-group recommendations, whereas the TAD diet was based on the average adult intake patterns from the NHANES 2009–2010 survey. Participants provided a stool sample 1-week prior to intervention (W0), within the second week of diet intervention (W2), and at the final week of intervention (W8). Microbial profiles were assessed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and expressed as median % relative abundance. Data analyses were performed using standardized pipelines (QIIME 1.9 and R packages). False Discovery Rate (FDR) was set at 0.2. Results No differences were found in α- and β-diversity indices at the operational taxomonic unit (OTU) level by diet assignment at W0, and no taxa were differentially abundant at FDR < 0.2. Similarly, α- and β-diversity indices (OTU level) were not altered by diet within W2 or W8. A single OTU within the Ruminococcus genera was higher in TAD at both W2 (TAD = 0.014%; DGA = 0.00%) and W8 (TAD = 0.017%; DGA = 0.00%; FDR < 0.05), and the Adlercreutzia genera from the Actinobacteria phyla was also higher in TAD at both W2 (TAD = 0.027%; DGA = 0.001%) and W8 (TAD = 0.022%; DGA = 0.002%). No within-diet differences between W0 and W2, and W0 and W8 were observed in any α- and β-diversity indices tested. When adjusting for W0 relative abundances, 10 OTUs were altered by diet at W2 and 39 OTUs were altered at W8. Conclusions A weight-maintaining diet based on the 2010 DGA minimally differed in the fecal microbiota compared to a weight-maintaining typical American diet. Results herein suggests differences in food-based dietary patterns does not have a large effect on the composition of the fecal microbiota in humans. Funding Sources Supported by National Dairy Council; Campbell Soup Co.; USDA-ARS Projects 2032-51530-022-00D and 6026-51000-010-05S.

scholarly journals An 8-week Controlled Feeding Trial Based on the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Has Minimal Effect on the Fecal Microbiota in Overweight and Obese Women (FS11-08-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Piccolo ◽  
Sridevi Krishnan ◽  
Kartik Shankar ◽  
Sree Chintapalli ◽  
Kikumi Ono-Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Typical American Diet ◽  
Typical American

Abstract Objectives To determine whether a high quality diet based on the 2010 Dietary Guidelines of America (DGA) alters the composition of the fecal microbiome in individuals at risk for cardiometabolic disease, compared to a diet based on a typical American diet (TAD). Methods A total of 52 overweight and obese women were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, controlled feeding trial. Women were randomly assigned to the DGA or TAD group (n = 28 DGA and 24 TAD). Diets matched each participant's estimated energy requirement and subjects remained weight-stable. The DGA diet was based on the 2010 DGA food-group recommendations, whereas the TAD diet was based on the average adult intake patterns from the NHANES 2009–2010 survey. Participants provided a stool sample 1-week prior to intervention (W0), within the second week of diet intervention (W2), and at the final week of intervention (W8). Microbial profiles were assessed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and expressed as median % relative abundance. Data analyses were performed using standardized pipelines (QIIME 1.9 and R packages). False Discovery Rate (FDR) was set at 0.2. Results No differences were found in α- and β-diversity indices at the operational taxomonic unit (OTU) level by diet assignment at W0, and no taxa were differentially abundant at FDR < 0.2. Similarly, α- and β-diversity indices (OTU level) were not altered by diet within W2 or W8. A single OTU within the Ruminococcus genera was higher in TAD at both W2 (TAD = 0.014%; DGA = 0.00%) and W8 (TAD = 0.017%; DGA = 0.00%; FDR < 0.05), and the Adlercreutzia genera from the Actinobacteria phyla was also higher in TAD at both W2 (TAD = 0.027%; DGA = 0.001%) and W8 (TAD = 0.022%; DGA = 0.002%). No within-diet differences between W0 and W2, and W0 and W8 were observed in any α- and β-diversity indices tested. When adjusting for W0 relative abundances, 10 OTUs were altered by diet at W2 and 39 OTUs were altered at W8. Conclusions A weight-maintaining diet based on the 2010 DGA minimally differed in the fecal microbiota compared to a weight-maintaining typical American diet. Results herein suggests differences in food-based dietary patterns does not have a large effect on the composition of the fecal microbiota in humans. Funding Sources Supported by National Dairy Council; Campbell Soup Co.; USDA-ARS Projects 2032-51530-022-00D and 6026-51000-010-05S.

scholarly journals Assessment of clinical and microbiota responses to fecal microbial transplantation in adult horses with diarrhea

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244381
Author(s):  
Caroline A. McKinney ◽  
Daniela Bedenice ◽  
Ana P. Pacheco ◽  
Bruno C. M. Oliveira ◽  
Mary-Rose Paradis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Transplant ◽  
Unifrac Distance ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
16S Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Referral Hospitals

Background and aims Fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) is empirically implemented in horses with colitis to facilitate resolution of diarrhea. The purpose of this study was to assess FMT as a clinical treatment and modulator of fecal microbiota in hospitalized horses with colitis. Methods A total of 22 horses with moderate to severe diarrhea, consistent with a diagnosis of colitis, were enrolled at two referral hospitals (L1: n = 12; L2: n = 10). FMT was performed in all 12 patients on 3 consecutive days at L1, while treatment at L2 consisted of standard care without FMT. Manure was collected once daily for 4 days from the rectum in all colitis horses, prior to FMT for horses at L1, and from each manure sample used for FMT. Fecal samples from 10 clinically healthy control horses housed at L2, and 30 healthy horses located at 5 barns in regional proximity to L1 were also obtained to characterize the regional healthy equine microbiome. All fecal microbiota were analyzed using 16S amplicon sequencing. Results and conclusions As expected, healthy horses at both locations showed a greater α-diversity and lower β-diversity compared to horses with colitis. The fecal microbiome of healthy horses clustered by location, with L1 horses showing a higher prevalence of Kiritimatiellaeota. Improved manure consistency (lower diarrhea score) was associated with a greater α-diversity in horses with colitis at both locations (L1: r = -0.385, P = 0.006; L2: r = -0.479, P = 0.002). Fecal transplant recipients demonstrated a greater overall reduction in diarrhea score (median: 4±3 grades), compared to untreated horses (median: 1.5±3 grades, P = 0.021), with a higher incidence in day-over-day improvement in diarrhea (22/36 (61%) vs. 10/28 (36%) instances, P = 0.011). When comparing microbiota of diseased horses at study conclusion to that of healthy controls, FMT-treated horses showed a lower mean UniFrac distance (0.53±0.27) than untreated horses (0.62±0.26, P<0.001), indicating greater normalization of the microbiome in FMT-treated patients.

scholarly journals A Randomized Controlled-feeding Trial Based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans Does Not Affect Plasma Trimethylamine N-oxide Levels in Women (P08-031-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Bennett ◽  
Erik Gertz ◽  
Sridevi Krishnan ◽  
Janet Peerson ◽  
Sean Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Stable Isotope Dilution ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans

Abstract Objectives Trimethylamine N-oxide is a gut-mediated metabolite associated with cardiovascular disease. Acute diet challenges demonstrate that circulating TMAO concentrations are diet-responsive; however, long-term trials investigating how different dietary patterns affect circulating TMAO concentrations are sparse. The objective of the current study was to determine whether consumption of a diet patterned after the USDA's 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), as compared to the typical American Diet (TAD), would reduce plasma TMAO levels. Methods A randomized, double-blind, controlled 8-wk intervention was conducted in overweight and obese women selected according to indexes of insulin resistance or dyslipidemia. Women were randomly assigned to the DGA or TAD group (n = 28 DGA and 24 TAD). The TAD diet was based on average adult intake from the NHANES 2009–2010. All foods and beverages were provided during the intervention and matched to each participant's energy requirement to ensure maintenance of initial body weight.Plasma samples were collected at baseline, 1 wk of their typical diet, and after 2 and 8 weeks of dietary intervention, in an overnight-fasted condition, and utilized to quantitate circulating TMAO concentrations using stable isotope dilution chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Statistical analysis were performed in SAS using analysis of covariance and partial correlation. Results Following 2 or 8 weeks of dietary intervention, plasma TMAO concentrations were not different between the DGA and TAD diets (3.45 ± 0.41 vs 2.91 ± 0.38 μM at week 2; 3.48 ± 0.41 vs 3.00 ± 0.40 μM at week 8, Mean ± SE, respectively). Post-intervention TMAO concentration was correlated to initial TMAO concentrations and body mass index but not age. Furthermore, we did not observe significant correlations between TMAO and measures of endothelial function (Endopat) or insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) which may reflect the relative health of the overall population enrolled in the study. Conclusions Consumption of a diet based on the USDA's 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americansfor 8 weeks did not reduce plasma TMAO levels in this study. Funding Sources Supported by National Dairy Council; Campbell Soup Co.; USDA-ARS Projects 2032-51530-022-00D and 6026-51000-010-05S.

scholarly journals PSIX-6 Gastrointestinal microbiome of calves fed solid diets containing different levels and sources of NDF

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 418-419
Author(s):  
Gercino F Virgínio Júnior ◽  
Milaine Poczynek ◽  
Ana Paula Silva ◽  
Ariany Toledo ◽  
Amanda Cezar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiome ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Miseq Platform ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Different levels and sources of NDF can modify the gastrointestinal microbiome. This study evaluated 18 Holstein calves housed in not-bedded suspended individual cages and fed one of three treatments: 22NDF - conventional starter containing 22% NDF (n = 7); 31NDF - starter with 31% NDF, replacing part of the corn by soybean hull (n = 6); and 22NDF+H - conventional starter with 22% NDF plus coast-cross hay ad libitum (n = 5). All animals received 4 L of milk replacer daily (24% CP; 18.5% fat; diluted to 12.5% solids), divided into two meals, being weaned at 8th week of age. After weaning, animals were housed in tropical shelters, fed with the respective solid diet and coast-cross hay ad libitum for all treatments. To evaluate the microbiome, ruminal fluid samples were collected using a modified Geishauser oral probe at weeks 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10, two hours after the morning feeding, and fecal samples were collected at birth (0) and at weeks 1, 2, 4, 8 and 10. The microbial community was determined by sequencing V3 and V4 region amplicons of the 16S rRNA gene that was amplified by PCR and sequenced by the Illumina MiSeq platform. Ruminal microbiome had no differences in diversity for the effects of weeks, treatments or interaction of both factors (Table 1). In feces, the diversity indices and evenness were higher for 22NDF+H when compared to 22NDF, with no difference for 31NDF. All indices were significantly affected by calves age. At birth, calves had the greatest diversity and richness. Week 1 and 2 had less evenness and diversity. Bacteroidota, Firmicutes_A and Firmicutes_C were the most abundant phylum in rumen and feces. The supply of hay was only effective in modifying the fecal microbiome of dairy calves, suggesting a resilience in the ruminal microbiome.

scholarly journals Effect of hay type on cecal and fecal microbiome and fermentation parameters in horses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel J Sorensen ◽  
James S Drouillard ◽  
Teresa L Douthit ◽  
Qinghong Ran ◽  
Douglas G Marthaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

Abstract The effect of hay type on the microbiome of the equine gastrointestinal tract is relatively unexplored. Our objective was to characterize the cecal and fecal microbiome of mature horses consuming alfalfa or Smooth Bromegrass (brome) hay. Six cecally cannulated horses were used in a split plot design run as a crossover in 2 periods. Whole plot treatment was ad libitum access to brome or alfalfa hay fed over two 21-d acclimation periods with subplots of sampling location (cecum and rectum) and sampling hour. Each acclimation period was followed by a 24-h collection period where cecal and fecal samples were collected every 3 h for analysis of pH and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Fecal and cecal samples were pooled and sent to a commercial lab (MR DNA, Shallowater, TX) for amplification of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and sequenced using Illumina HiSeq. Main effects of hay on VFA, pH, and taxonomic abundances were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 with fixed effects of hay, hour, location, period, all possible interactions and random effect of horse. Alpha and β diversity were analyzed using the R Dame package. Horses fed alfalfa had greater fecal than cecal pH (P ≤ 0.05) whereas horses fed brome had greater cecal than fecal pH (P ≤ 0.05). Regardless of hay type, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in the cecum than in feces, and alfalfa resulted in greater (P ≤ 0.05) VFA concentrations than brome in both sampling locations. Alpha diversity was greater (P ≤ 0.05) in fecal compared to cecal samples. Microbial community structure within each sampling location and hay type differed from one another (P ≤ 0.05). Bacteroidetes were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in the cecum compared to the rectum, regardless of hay type. Firmicutes and Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in the feces compared to cecal samples of alfalfa-fed horses. In all, fermentation parameters and bacterial abundances were impacted by hay type and sampling location in the hindgut.

scholarly journals Effect of caloric restriction on gut permeability, inflammation markers, and fecal microbiota in obese women

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beate Ott ◽  
Thomas Skurk ◽  
Ljiljana Hastreiter ◽  
Ilias Lagkouvardos ◽  
Sandra Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Gut Permeability ◽  
Inflammation Markers

Pilot trial of vitamin D3 and calcifediol in healthy vitamin D deficient adults: does it change the fecal microbiome?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Shieh ◽  
S Melanie Lee ◽  
Venu Lagishetty ◽  
Carter Gottleib ◽  
Jonathan P Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity

Abstract Purpose To determine whether correcting vitamin D deficiency with cholecalciferol (vitamin D3, D3) or calcifediol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 25(OH)D3) changes gut microbiome composition. Methods 18 adults with vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] &lt;20 ng/ml) received 60 mcg/day of D3 or 20 mcg/day of 25(OH)D3 for 8 weeks. Changes in serum 25(OH)D, 1,25-diydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2D) were assessed. We characterized composition of the fecal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and examined changes in α-diversity (Chao 1, Faith’s Phylogenetic Diversity, Shannon Index), β-diversity (DEICODE), and genus-level abundances (DESeq2). Results Vitamin D3 and 25(OH)D3 groups were similar. After 8 weeks of vitamin D3, mean 25(OH)D and 24,25(OH)2D increased significantly, but 1,25(OH)2D did not (25(OH)D: 17.8 to 30.1 ng/ml [p=0.002]; 24,25(OH)2D: 1.1 to 2.7 ng/ml [p=0.003]; 1,25(OH)2D: 49.5 to 53.0 pg/ml [p=0.9]). After 8 weeks of 25(OH)D3, mean 25(OH)D, 24,25(OH)2D, and 1,25(OH)2D increased significantly (25(OH)D: 16.7 to 50.6 ng/ml [p&lt;0.0001]; 24,25(OH)2D: 1.3 to 6.2 ng/ml [p=0.0001]; 1,25(OH)2D: 56.5 to 74.2 pg/ml [p=0.05]). Fecal microbial α-diversity and β-diversity did not change with D3 or 25D3 supplementation. Mean relative abundance of Firmicutes increased and mean relative abundance of Bacterioidetes decreased from baseline to four weeks, but returned to baseline by study completion. DESeq2 analysis did not confirm any statistically significant taxonomic changes. Main conclusions In a small sample of healthy adults with vitamin D deficiency, restoration of vitamin D sufficiency with vitamin D3 or 25(OH)D3 did not lead to lasting changes in the fecal microbiota.

Dietary Intakes and Nutritional Status Among Migrant Children in Primary Schools: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zeng ◽  
Lijing Shao ◽  
Yongjun Li ◽  
Mei Yang ◽  
Bing Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Nutrition plays a crucial role in children’s growth and development, migrant children have their own characteristics in nutrition. The current study aims to assess the dietary status of migrant school-age children and underlying factors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out on migrant children in 25 classes with the 3rd to 6th grades from two primary schools by cluster sampling. Children’s 3-day 24-hour diet were recorded, the dietary intake of calories and nutrients were calculated by using the China Food Composition for each day, and were presented the average intake of the 3 day period. The assessment of energy and nutrient intakes by estimated energy requirement (EER) and estimated average requirement (EAR), respectively. The Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents and Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes were used as evaluation standards to assess the dietary intakes and nutritional status of these children.Results: Participants included 752 migrant children aged 9-12y (430 boys and 322 girls). Deficiency proportions of energy and protein were 46.1% and 40.1% for boys, 44.4% and 65.1% for girls. Energy supply proportions of macronutrients (protein, fat, and carbohydrate) in boys were 12.4%、28.8%、58.8%, those of girls were 11.1%、28.6%、60.3%. The insufficiency proportions of vitamin A, B vitamins, calcium, zinc and selenium were considerably serious (>60%). In dietary pattern, intakes of cereal, poultry and edible oil were relatively adequate, but milk, fish, eggs and soybean products were seriously inadequate. Conclusions: Characteristics such as unreasonable dietary pattern, relative lack of energy and nutrients, and excess snack intake coexist, it is necessary to carry out nutrition intervention to help migrant children to balance the diet and rectify the deficiencies.

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