The Effect of Isolated Dietary Fiber Supplements on Markers of Metabolic Diseases in Human Intervention Studies: A Systematic Review (P08-077-19)

Abstract Objectives While epidemiological research provides strong evidence for the health benefits of increased dietary fiber (DF) intake, human intervention studies that supplement isolated DFs have shown inconsistent results. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review was to assess the effect of DF supplementation and the role of DF dose, DF physiochemical properties, intervention duration, and placebo type on immunometabolic markers of disease in intervention studies in healthy adults. Methods We searched several databases for intervention studies published from 1990–2018 that assessed the effect of DF on a range of well-established immunometabolic markers. Eligible studies were those that supplemented isolated DF for >2 weeks as the only intervention in at least one study arm, and reported baseline data to assess the effect of the placebo. Results In total, 77 publications were included. DF supplementation significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and insulin area under the curve (AUC) in 36–49% of interventions, while less than 20% reported significant effects on C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), fasting glucose, glucose AUC, fasting insulin, high density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides (TG). Higher DF doses were more successful in reducing CRP, TC, and LDL (40–63%), higher-viscosity and insoluble DFs for TC and LDL (≥50%), and longer interventions for CRP and glucose (50%). Placebos containing digestible carbohydrates were used in more than half of the studies, and confounded significant results for IL-6, glucose AUC, and insulin AUC. Conclusions The efficacy of isolated DF consumption differs vastly among immunometabolic markers assessed. Our findings suggest that DF supplementation interventions, as currently used, should focus on improving fasting cholesterol levels. However, although more research is needed to draw definitive Conclusions, higher doses, specific DF types, longer interventions, and the use of DF to replace digestible carbohydrates may improve the success of DF interventions. Funding Sources J.W. is a Campus Alberta Innovation Program chair for Nutrition, Microbes, and Gastrointestinal Health and recipient of grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and JPI (healthy diet for a healthy life).

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Use of Blood Lipid Indicators as a Screening Tool of Insulin Resistance among Individuals in Low-Income Country Sides of China: A Multiethnic Region Study

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2019/3592620 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Yi-Zhong Yan ◽

Jia-Ning Fan ◽

Jia-Ming Liu ◽

Yun-hua Hu ◽

Jiao-Long Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Low Income ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Screening Tool ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Model Assessment

Objective. This study is aimed at evaluating the diagnostic value of blood lipid indicators (BLIs) for insulin resistance (IR) among major ethnic groups in Xinjiang, China, to identify the most valuable indicators and appropriate cut-off points for each ethnic group and to lay the foundation for the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of metabolic diseases in remote rural areas. Methods. Overall, 418 Uygurs, 331 Kazakhs, and 220 Hans were randomly included in our study. The homeostasis model assessment was the gold standard for identifying IR. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value, and the nomogram was utilized to analyze the predictive value. The size of the area under the curve (AUC) reflected the accuracy of screening and prediction. Results. Differences in races were observed in terms of IR and BLIs, and the Kazakhs had the highest IR level at 5.27 mmol/L. The correlation between IR and BLIs differed among the three races. For the Kazakhs and Hans, all BLIs, except total cholesterol (TC), were correlated to IR. However, for the Uygurs, only the triglyceride (TG) level, TG/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, and TC/HDL-C ratio were associated with IR. After further adjustment of confounding factors, these indicators were still correlated to IR. BLIs that independently correlated to IR in the three nationalities had a certain diagnostic value for IR. In terms of the AUC size, the TG level was the highest in Uygurs, the TG/HDL-C ratio was the highest for Kazakhs and Hans, and the corresponding best cut-off points for IR were 1.515, 1.230, and 1.495 mmol/L, respectively. In addition, for each race, when the indicators with a certain diagnostic value were combined, the diagnostic value for IR was higher. Conclusion. BLIs had a certain diagnostic value for IR and could be used as a screening tool for IR among Uygurs, Kazakhs, and Hans in Xinjiang. These findings are extremely important for the prevention and treatment of IR and metabolic diseases in remote rural areas.

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The Effect of Isolated and Synthetic Dietary Fibers on Markers of Metabolic Diseases in Human Intervention Studies: A Systematic Review

Advances in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/advances/nmz074 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Anissa M Armet ◽

Edward C Deehan ◽

Julia V Thöne ◽

Sarah J Hewko ◽

Jens Walter

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Intervention Studies ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Human Intervention ◽

Reactive Protein

ABSTRACTObservational studies provide strong evidence for the health benefits of dietary fiber (DF) intake; however, human intervention studies that supplement isolated and synthetic DFs have shown inconsistent results. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to summarize the effects of DF supplementation on immunometabolic disease markers in intervention studies in healthy adults, and considered the role of DF dose, DF physicochemical properties, intervention duration, and the placebo used. Five databases were searched for studies published from 1990 to 2018 that assessed the effect of DF on immunometabolic markers. Eligible studies were those that supplemented isolated or synthetic DFs for ≥2 wk and reported baseline data to assess the effect of the placebo. In total, 77 publications were included. DF supplementation reduced total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, HOMA-IR, and insulin AUC in 36–49% of interventions. In contrast, <20% of the interventions reduced C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, glucose, glucose AUC, insulin, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. A higher proportion of interventions showed an effect if they used higher DF doses for CRP, TC, and LDL cholesterol (40–63%), viscous and mixed plant cell wall DFs for TC and LDL cholesterol (>50%), and longer intervention durations for CRP and glucose (50%). Half of the placebo-controlled studies used digestible carbohydrates as the placebo, which confounded findings for IL-6, glucose AUC, and insulin AUC. In conclusion, interventions with isolated and synthetic DFs resulted mainly in improved cholesterol concentrations and an attenuation of insulin resistance, whereas markers of dysglycemia and inflammation were largely unaffected. Although more research is needed to make reliable recommendations, a more targeted supplementation of DF with specific physicochemical properties at higher doses and for longer durations shows promise in enhancing several of its health effects.

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The neurological level of spinal cord injury and cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Spinal Cord ◽

10.1038/s41393-021-00678-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Peter Francis Raguindin ◽

Gion Fränkl ◽

Oche Adam Itodo ◽

Alessandro Bertolo ◽

Ramona Maria Zeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Spinal Cord ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Low Density ◽

Cord Injury

Abstract Study design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Objective To determine the difference in cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, lipid profile, and markers of glucose metabolism and inflammation) according to the neurological level of spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods We searched 5 electronic databases from inception until July 4, 2020. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers using a pre-defined data collection form. The pooled effect estimate was computed using random-effects models, and heterogeneity was calculated using I2 statistic and chi-squared test (CRD42020166162). Results We screened 4863 abstracts, of which 47 studies with 3878 participants (3280 males, 526 females, 72 sex unknown) were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to paraplegia, individuals with tetraplegia had lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure (unadjusted weighted mean difference, −14.5 mmHg, 95% CI −19.2, −9.9; −7.0 mmHg 95% CI −9.2, −4.8, respectively), lower triglycerides (−10.9 mg/dL, 95% CI −19.7, −2.1), total cholesterol (−9.9 mg/dL, 95% CI −14.5, −5.4), high-density lipoprotein (−1.7 mg/dL, 95% CI −3.3, −0.2) and low-density lipoprotein (−5.8 mg/dL, 95% CI −9.0, −2.5). Comparing individuals with high- vs. low-thoracic SCI, persons with higher injury had lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure (−10.3 mmHg, 95% CI −13.4, −7.1; −5.3 mmHg 95% CI −7.5, −3.2, respectively), while no differences were found for low-density lipoprotein, serum glucose, insulin, and inflammation markers. High heterogeneity was partially explained by age, prevalent cardiovascular diseases and medication use, body mass index, sample size, and quality of studies. Conclusion In SCI individuals, the level of injury may be an additional non-modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Future well-designed longitudinal studies with sufficient follow-up and providing sex-stratified analyses should confirm our findings and explore the role of SCI level in cardiovascular health and overall prognosis and survival.

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Sulforaphane ameliorates lipid profile in rodents: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-87367-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kaili Du ◽

Yuxin Fan ◽

Dan Li

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Weight Control ◽

Weighted Mean Difference ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Disease Model ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Liver Weight ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver

AbstractSulforaphane (SFN), a naturally-occurring isothiocyanate enriched in cabbage and broccoli, has been provided as food supplements to improve weight management and reduce lipid levels. However, its effects on serum lipid profiles are contradictory. In this review, a meta-analysis and systematic review of SFN on lipid reduction and weight control is assessed with mice and rats fed on high-fat diet. The effects of SFN supplementation were evaluated by weighted mean difference (WMD) in body weight (BW), liver weight (LW) and also by its effect on serum lipids. A random-effects model was applied to estimate the overall summary effect. SFN reduced BW (WMD: − 2.76 g, 95% CI: − 4.19, − 1.34) and LW (WMD: − 0.93 g, 95% CI: − 1.63, − 0.23) significantly in our ten trials. Its effects on serum total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: − 15.62 mg/dL, 95% CI: − 24.07, − 7.18), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD: − 8.35 mg/dL, 95% CI: − 15.47, − 1.24) and triglyceride (TG) (WMD: − 40.85 mg/dL, 95% CI: − 67.46, − 14.24) were significant except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) component (WMD: 1.05 mg/dL, 95% CI: − 3.44, 5.54). However, species, disease model, duration, SFN dosage as well as route of administration did not explain the heterogeneity among studies. In summary, these findings provide new insights concerning preclinical strategies for treating diseases including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as well as cardiovascular disease with SFN supplements.

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Metabolic Actions of a Supplement of Ilex Paraguariensis (An Extract of the Leaf Standardized to 2% I-Deoxinojirimcina), White Mulberry and Chromium Picolinate in Nondiabetic Subects with Dysglycemia: A Randomized Trial

Life ◽

10.3390/life11070709 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 709

Author(s):

Giuseppe Derosa ◽

Angela D’Angelo ◽

Pamela Maffioli

Keyword(s):

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Chromium Picolinate ◽

Ilex Paraguariensis ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Glycemic Status ◽

Assessment Index ◽

White Mulberry

Aim: To prove if a nutraceutical containing Ilex paraguariensis (Ilex L. spp. Aquifoliales) (an extract of the leaf standardized to 2% I-deoxinojirimcina), white mulberry (Morus spp., Moraceae), and chromium picolinate can be effective in improving glycemic status in subject with dysglycemia. Methods: We randomized patients to consume placebo or the nutraceutical, self-administered once a day, one tablet at breakfast, for 3 months. Results: A reduction in fasting plasma glucose, postprandial glucose, and glycated hemoglobin was observed with the nutraceutical combination, both compared to baseline and placebo. Data suggested a decrease in the Homeostasis Model Assessment index with the nutraceutical, both compared to baseline and placebo. The M value, an index of insulin sensitivity, obtained after nutraceutical treatment was higher compared to baseline. We recorded a decrease in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglycerides with the nutraceutical combination compared to baseline and placebo. A decrease in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was observed with the nutraceutical combination compared to baseline and placebo. Conclusions: A nutraceutical containing Ilex paraguariensis, white mulberry, and chromium picolinate can be helpful in improving glycemic status and lipid profile in dysglycemic subjects.

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Potential Biomarkers for Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms23020602 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 602

Author(s):

Ka Young Kim ◽

Ki Young Shin ◽

Keun-A Chang

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Blood Proteins ◽

Post Stroke

Stroke is a primary debilitating disease in adults, occurring in 15 million individuals each year and causing high mortality and disability rates. The latest estimate revealed that stroke is currently the second leading cause of death worldwide. Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), one of the major complications after stroke, is frequently underdiagnosed. However, stroke has been reported to increase the risk of cognitive impairment by at least five to eight times. In recent decades, peripheral blood molecular biomarkers for stroke have emerged as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets. In this study, we aimed to evaluate some blood-derived proteins for stroke, especially related to brain damage and cognitive impairments, by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis and discussing the possibility of these proteins as biomarkers for PSCI. Articles published before 26 July 2021 were searched in PubMed, Embase, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library to identify all relevant studies reporting blood biomarkers in patients with stroke. Among 1820 articles, 40 were finally identified for this study. We meta-analyzed eight peripheral biomarker candidates: homocysteine (Hcy), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), C-reactive protein (CRP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), uric acid, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The Hcy, CRP, TC, and LDL-C levels were significantly higher in patients with PSCI than in the non-PSCI group; however, the HDL-C, TG, uric acid, and HbA1c levels were not different between the two groups. Based on our findings, we suggest the Hcy, CRP, TC, and LDL-C as possible biomarkers in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment. Thus, certain blood proteins could be suggested as effective biomarkers for PSCI.

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A Review of the Properties of Anthocyanins and Their Influence on Factors Affecting Cardiometabolic and Cognitive Health

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13082831 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2831

Author(s):

Philipp Ockermann ◽

Laura Headley ◽

Rosario Lizio ◽

Jan Hansmann

Keyword(s):

Vascular Function ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Myocardial Infarct ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Potential Effect ◽

Factors Affecting

The incidence of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases has increased over the last decades and is an important cause of death worldwide. An upcoming ingredient on the nutraceutical market are anthocyanins, a flavonoid subgroup, abundant mostly in berries and fruits. Epidemiological studies have suggested an association between anthocyanin intake and improved cardiovascular risk, type 2 diabetes and myocardial infarct. Clinical studies using anthocyanins have shown a significant decrease in inflammation markers and oxidative stress, a beneficial effect on vascular function and hyperlipidemia by decreasing low-density lipoprotein and increasing high-density lipoprotein. They have also shown a potential effect on glucose homeostasis and cognitive decline. This review summarizes the effects of anthocyanins in in-vitro, animal and human studies to give an overview of their application in medical prevention or as a dietary supplement.

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Dietary Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids Are Associated with Higher Prevalence of Overweight/Obesity in Northern Chinese Adults, an Internet-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1159/000490194 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 44-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yan-chuan Li ◽

Yu-zheng Li ◽

Rui Li ◽

Li Lan ◽

Chun-long Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Serum Triglyceride ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Lipid Profiles ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sulfur Containing

Background/aims: Elevation of plasma sulfur-containing amino acids (SAAs) is generally associated with higher body mass index (BMI) and unfavorable lipid profiles. It is not known how dietary SAAs relate to these associations in humans. Methods: A convenient tool named internet-based dietary questionnaire for Chinese (IDQC) was used to estimate dietary SAAs intake. A total of 936 participants were randomly recruited and asked to complete the IDQC. Furthermore, 90 subjects were randomly selected to perform a subgroup study. The associations between dietary SAAs and prevalence of obesity, lipid profiles, and status of insulin resistance (IR), inflammation and oxidative stress were assessed. Results: Dietary total SAAs and cysteine of overweight/obese participants were significantly higher. Dietary total SAAs and cysteine were positively associated with BMI and waist circumference. Higher dietary total SAAs were associated with higher prevalence of overweight/obesity. Higher dietary total SAAs and cysteine also associated with higher serum triglyceride (total cholesterol), low density lipoprotein, fasting blood glucose, 2 h-postprandial glucose, and homeostasis model assessment of IR. In the subgroup study, positive associations between dietary SAAs and inflammation biomarkers were also observed. Conclusions: Dietary SAAs are associated with higher prevalence of overweight/obesity, unfavorable lipid profiles and status of IR, and inflammation.

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Effects of thyroid hormone and depression on common components of central obesity

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060519851624 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (7) ◽

pp. 3040-3049 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fu-Man Du ◽

Hong-Yu Kuang ◽

Bin-Hong Duan ◽

Da-Na Liu ◽

Xin-Yang Yu

Keyword(s):

Central Obesity ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Free Triiodothyronine ◽

Serum Tsh ◽

Tsh Levels

Objective We investigated the prevalence of abnormal thyroid function and depression in centrally obese participants, and to analyze the relationship of thyroid hormones and depression with components of central obesity. Methods We randomly selected 858 centrally obese participants and 500 non-obese controls in this study. For all participants, we measured serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), body mass index (BMI), waist–hip ratio (WHR), fasting blood glucose and insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid concentrations, and blood pressure. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. Results Centrally obese participants had a higher prevalence of hypothyroidism and depression than non-obese controls. Serum FT4 levels negatively correlated with BMI and serum TSH levels and positively correlated with BMI, WHR, total triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). After excluding participants with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, serum FT4 levels showed negative correlation and serum TSH levels showed positive correlation with BMI in the remaining centrally obese participants. CES-D scores positively correlated with BMI. Conclusion We found high prevalences of hypothyroidism and depression among centrally obese participants. FT4 and TSH are important in weight regulation. Depression positively correlated with obesity.

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