Dietary Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids Are Associated with Higher Prevalence of Overweight/Obesity in Northern Chinese Adults, an Internet-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Background/aims: Elevation of plasma sulfur-containing amino acids (SAAs) is generally associated with higher body mass index (BMI) and unfavorable lipid profiles. It is not known how dietary SAAs relate to these associations in humans. Methods: A convenient tool named internet-based dietary questionnaire for Chinese (IDQC) was used to estimate dietary SAAs intake. A total of 936 participants were randomly recruited and asked to complete the IDQC. Furthermore, 90 subjects were randomly selected to perform a subgroup study. The associations between dietary SAAs and prevalence of obesity, lipid profiles, and status of insulin resistance (IR), inflammation and oxidative stress were assessed. Results: Dietary total SAAs and cysteine of overweight/obese participants were significantly higher. Dietary total SAAs and cysteine were positively associated with BMI and waist circumference. Higher dietary total SAAs were associated with higher prevalence of overweight/obesity. Higher dietary total SAAs and cysteine also associated with higher serum triglyceride (total cholesterol), low density lipoprotein, fasting blood glucose, 2 h-postprandial glucose, and homeostasis model assessment of IR. In the subgroup study, positive associations between dietary SAAs and inflammation biomarkers were also observed. Conclusions: Dietary SAAs are associated with higher prevalence of overweight/obesity, unfavorable lipid profiles and status of IR, and inflammation.

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Metabolic Actions of a Supplement of Ilex Paraguariensis (An Extract of the Leaf Standardized to 2% I-Deoxinojirimcina), White Mulberry and Chromium Picolinate in Nondiabetic Subects with Dysglycemia: A Randomized Trial

Life ◽

10.3390/life11070709 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 709

Author(s):

Giuseppe Derosa ◽

Angela D’Angelo ◽

Pamela Maffioli

Keyword(s):

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Chromium Picolinate ◽

Ilex Paraguariensis ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Glycemic Status ◽

Assessment Index ◽

White Mulberry

Aim: To prove if a nutraceutical containing Ilex paraguariensis (Ilex L. spp. Aquifoliales) (an extract of the leaf standardized to 2% I-deoxinojirimcina), white mulberry (Morus spp., Moraceae), and chromium picolinate can be effective in improving glycemic status in subject with dysglycemia. Methods: We randomized patients to consume placebo or the nutraceutical, self-administered once a day, one tablet at breakfast, for 3 months. Results: A reduction in fasting plasma glucose, postprandial glucose, and glycated hemoglobin was observed with the nutraceutical combination, both compared to baseline and placebo. Data suggested a decrease in the Homeostasis Model Assessment index with the nutraceutical, both compared to baseline and placebo. The M value, an index of insulin sensitivity, obtained after nutraceutical treatment was higher compared to baseline. We recorded a decrease in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglycerides with the nutraceutical combination compared to baseline and placebo. A decrease in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was observed with the nutraceutical combination compared to baseline and placebo. Conclusions: A nutraceutical containing Ilex paraguariensis, white mulberry, and chromium picolinate can be helpful in improving glycemic status and lipid profile in dysglycemic subjects.

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Effects of thyroid hormone and depression on common components of central obesity

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060519851624 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (7) ◽

pp. 3040-3049 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fu-Man Du ◽

Hong-Yu Kuang ◽

Bin-Hong Duan ◽

Da-Na Liu ◽

Xin-Yang Yu

Keyword(s):

Central Obesity ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Free Triiodothyronine ◽

Serum Tsh ◽

Tsh Levels

Objective We investigated the prevalence of abnormal thyroid function and depression in centrally obese participants, and to analyze the relationship of thyroid hormones and depression with components of central obesity. Methods We randomly selected 858 centrally obese participants and 500 non-obese controls in this study. For all participants, we measured serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), body mass index (BMI), waist–hip ratio (WHR), fasting blood glucose and insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid concentrations, and blood pressure. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. Results Centrally obese participants had a higher prevalence of hypothyroidism and depression than non-obese controls. Serum FT4 levels negatively correlated with BMI and serum TSH levels and positively correlated with BMI, WHR, total triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). After excluding participants with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, serum FT4 levels showed negative correlation and serum TSH levels showed positive correlation with BMI in the remaining centrally obese participants. CES-D scores positively correlated with BMI. Conclusion We found high prevalences of hypothyroidism and depression among centrally obese participants. FT4 and TSH are important in weight regulation. Depression positively correlated with obesity.

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Lipid profiles in smoking and non-smoking male adolescents

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi54.4.2014.232-5 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 232

Author(s):

Sigit Prastyanto ◽

Mei Neni Sitaresmi ◽

Madarina Julia

Keyword(s):

Total Cholesterol ◽

Tobacco Smoking ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Lipid Profiles ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mean Differences

Background The prevalence of smoking in adolescentstends to increase. Smoking is associated with a higher risk ofdyslipidemia.Objective To compare the lipid profiles of tobacco-smoking andnon-tobacco-smoking male adolescents.Methods We performed a cross- sectional study in three vocationalhigh schools in Yogyakarta from January to April 2011. Dataon smoking status, duration of smoking and number cigarettesconsumed per day were collected by questionnaires. We randomlyselected 50 male smokers and 50 male non-smokers as the studysubjects.Results Mean differences between smokers and non-smokerswere 44.5 (95%CI 28. 7 to 60.1) mg/dL for triglyceride levels; 8.0(95% CI 1.0 to 14.9) mg/dL for low density lipoprotein (LDL)cholesterol; 11.8 (1.1 to 22.4) mg/dL for total cholesterol and -5.7mg/dL (95% CI -8.8 to -2.6) for high density lipoprotein (HDL)cholesterol. Mean differences (95% CI) between smokers whohad engaged in smoking for > 2 years and those who had smokedfor :S:2 years were -18.1 (95% CI -33 .9 to -2.3) mg/dL for totalcholesterol; -49.4 (95% CI -67.2 to -3 1.5) mg/dL for triglycerides.Mean differences between those who smoked > 5 cigarettes/dayand :s:5 cigarettes per day were -18 .4 (95% CI -32.8 to -4.1) mg/dL for total cholesterol and -29.1 (95% CI -53.6 to -4.6) mg/dLfor triglycerides.Conclusion Smoking more than 5 cigarettes/day significantlyincreases total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceridelevels, as well as reduces HDL cholesterol levels; while smokingmore than 2 years significantly increases total cholesterol andtriglyceride levels

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The Effect of Metformin on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Overweight Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2020/5150684 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Yuanyuan Guan ◽

Dongjun Wang ◽

Huaien Bu ◽

Tieniu Zhao ◽

Hongwu Wang

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Overweight Women ◽

Randomized Controlled

Objective. Metformin is an important component of PCOS treatment. At present, the effect of metformin in overweight women with PCOS has not been evaluated. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to assess the effects of metformin in overweight women with PCOS and to analyze the effects of metformin in overweight women with PCOS. Methods. We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang databases for studies published before March 2020. Randomized controlled trials were identified to study the effects of metformin in overweight women with PCOS. Data from studies including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), luteinizing hormone (LH), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin, testosterone, and androstenedione were pooled. Qualified trials were selected, and methodological quality was strictly assessed. Two reviewers chose the studies independently of each other. Results. Twelve trials were included. The intervention group and the control group had significant differences in the changes in body mass index (BMI) (WMD = −1.25, 95% CI (−1.60, −0.91), p<0.00001) and waist circumference (WC) (WMD = −1.41, 95% CI (−2.46, −0.37), p=0.008) after metformin. The comprehensive results show that, in all studies, overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with metformin had significantly improved endocrine and metabolic indicators, including testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, metformin did not regulate the secretion indexes of fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, sex hormone-binding globulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, and androstenedione. Conclusions. Compared with control interventions, metformin appears to be an effective intervention for overweight women with PCOS.

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Associations between lipid profiles of adolescents and their mothers based on a nationwide health and nutrition survey in South Korea

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024731 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. e024731 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ji Hyung Nam ◽

Jaeyong Shin ◽

Sung-In Jang ◽

Ji Hyun Kim ◽

Kyu-Tae Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Lipid Profiles ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Lipid Levels ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Unit Increase

ObjectivesDyslipidaemia is a metabolic disease influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Especially, family history related to genetic background is a strong risk factor of lipid abnormality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between the lipid profiles of adolescents and their mothers.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThe data were derived from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (IV-VI) between 2009 and 2015.Participants2884 adolescents aged 12–18 years and their mothers were included.Primary outcome measuresOutcome variables were adolescents’ lipid levels. Mothers’ lipid levels were the interesting variables. The lipid profiles included total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). We identified partial correlation coefficients (r) between the lipids. Multiple linear regressions were performed to identify the amount of change in adolescents’ lipid levels for each unit increase of their mothers’ lipids. The regression models included various clinical characteristics and health behavioural factors of both adolescents and mothers.ResultsThe mean levels of adolescents’ lipids were 156.6, 83.6, 50.4 and 89.4 mg/dL, respectively for TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C. Positive correlations between lipid levels of adolescents and mothers were observed for TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C (r,95% CI: 0.271, 0.236 to 0.304; 0.204, 0.169 to 0.239; 0.289, 0.255 to 0.322; and 0.286, 0.252 to 0.319). The adolescent TC level was increased by 0.23 mg/dL for each unit increase of the mother’s TC (SE, 0.02; p<0.001). The beta coefficients were 0.16 (SE, 0.01), 0.24 (SE, 0.02) and 0.24 (SE, 0.02), respectively, in each model of TG, HDL-C and LDL-C (all p<0.001). The linear relationships were significant regardless of sex and mother’s characteristics.ConclusionsMothers’ lipid levels are associated with adolescents’ lipids; therefore, they can serve as a reference for the screening of adolescent’s dyslipidaemia.

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Plasma miR-21 expression: an indicator for the severity of Type 2 diabetes with diabetic retinopathy

Bioscience Reports ◽

10.1042/bsr20160589 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Qi Jiang ◽

Xue-Man Lyu ◽

Yi Yuan ◽

Ling Wang

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Control Group ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Disease Course

To investigate the roles of plasma miR-21 in the pathogenic process of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) with diabetic retinopathy (DR). T2D patients included patients without DR (NDR) group, patients with non-proliferative/background DR (BDR) group and patients with proliferative DR (PDR) group. Healthy individuals served as control group. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), urine creatinine (Cr), fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting insulin (FINS) and plasma miR-21 expression were measured. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied to detect miR-21 expression. Pearson analysis was used to conduct correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyse the diagnostic value of miR-21 in T2D with DR. Compared with the control group, FBG and HbA1c increased in the NDR group; compared with the control and NDR groups, disease course, HbA1c, FPG levels and homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were increased in the BDR and PDR groups; and compared with the BDR group, disease course, HbA1c and FPG levels were higher in the PDR group. miR-21 expression was higher in the BDR group than the control group, and higher in the PDR group than the BDR group. miR-21 expression was positively related with disease course, HbA1C, FPG and HOMA-IR, and had diagnostic value for T2D with DR and PDR. The plasma miR-21 expression was increased in the development of T2D with DR and can be used as an indicator for the severity of T2D with DR.

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Lipid profiles in users of combustible and electronic cigarettes

Vascular Medicine ◽

10.1177/1358863x211009313 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1358863X2110093

Author(s):

Sana Majid ◽

Rachel J Keith ◽

Jessica L Fetterman ◽

Robert M. Weisbrod ◽

Jessica Nystoriak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electronic Cigarettes ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Lipid Profiles ◽

Electronic Cigarette ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Cigarette Use ◽

Glucose Levels

Electronic cigarette use has especially risen among adolescents and young adults. The aim of this study was to investigate fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles in chronic combustible cigarette and electronic cigarette users. We evaluated participants aged 21 to 45 ( n = 525, mean age 31 ± 7 years, 45% women) without established cardiovascular disease or risk factors who were combustible cigarette users ( n = 290), electronic cigarette users ( n = 131; 65 sole users and 66 dual users), or never users ( n = 104). In the first wave of enrollment (2014–2017), electronic cigarette users reported their products as first, second and third generation devices (e-cig users) and were all largely current (i.e. dual) or former (sole) combustible cigarette users, whereas in the second wave of enrollment (2019–2020), electronic cigarette users all reported pod-based device use (pod users) and included more sole users who were never smokers. In multivariable-adjusted analyses comparing to never users, both sole e-cig users and combustible cigarette users had higher glucose and triglycerides and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Dual e-cig users showed higher triglycerides and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lower HDL cholesterol compared to never users. In contrast, pod users (both sole and dual) had lipid profiles and glucose levels similar to never users. Overall, users of early generation electronic cigarettes display adverse metabolic profiles. In contrast, pod-based electronic cigarette users have similar lipid profiles to never users. Future studies are needed to understand the cumulative effects of electronic cigarette use on cardiometabolic health.

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Discordance between LDL-C and Apolipoprotein B Levels and Its Association with Renal Dysfunction: Insights from a Population-Based Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm11020313 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 313

Author(s):

Mohsen Mazidi ◽

Richard J. Webb ◽

Gregory Y. H. Lip ◽

Andre P. Kengne ◽

Maciej Banach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Apolipoprotein B ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Population Based ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Logistic Regression Models

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) are established markers of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), but when concentrations are discordant ApoB is the superior predictor. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with ASCVD, yet the independent role of atherogenic lipoproteins is contentious. Four groups were created based upon high and low levels of ApoB and LDL-C. Continuous and categorical variables were compared across groups, as were adjusted markers of CKD. Logistic regression analysis assessed association(s) with CKD based on the groups. Subjects were categorised by LDL-C and ApoB, using cut-off values of >160 mg/dL and >130 mg/dL, respectively. Those with low LDL-C and high ApoB, compared to those with high LDL-C and high ApoB, had significantly higher body mass index (30.7 vs. 30.1 kg/m2) and waist circumference (106.1 vs. 102.7 cm) and the highest fasting blood glucose (117.5 vs. 112.7 mg/dL), insulin (16.6 vs. 13.1 μU/mL) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (5.3 vs. 3.7) profiles (all p < 0.001). This group, compared to those with high LDL-C and high ApoB, also had the highest levels of urine albumin (2.3 vs. 2.2 mg/L), log albumin-creatinine ratio (2.2 vs. 2.1 mg/g) and serum uric acid (6.1 vs. 5.6 mg/dL) and the lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate (81.3 vs. 88.4 mL/min/1.73 m2) (all p < 0.001). In expanded logistic regression models, using the low LDL-C and low ApoB group as a reference, those with low LDL-C and high ApoB had the strongest association with CKD, odds ratio (95% CI) 1.12 (1.08–1.16). Discordantly high levels of ApoB are independently associated with increased likelihood of CKD. ApoB remains associated with metabolic dysfunction, regardless of LDL-C.

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The Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Biochemical Markers in Beijing Adolescents

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16224557 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (22) ◽

pp. 4557 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yao Zhao ◽

Yingjie Yu ◽

Hong Li ◽

Mingying Li ◽

Dongran Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Biochemical Markers ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Serum Triglyceride ◽

Total Sample ◽

High Serum ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional

Objective: To describe the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents and its association with several MetS-related biochemical markers. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was carried out and data were extracted from the Nutrition and Health Surveillance in Primary and Secondary school students of Beijing (NHSPSB) 2017. Participants were aged 10–15 years old. MetS was diagnosed using the recommended criteria for Chinese adolescents. The associations among MetS, biochemical biomarkers, and socioeconomic status were estimated by multivariable linear regression. Results: The prevalence of MetS in adolescents in Beijing was 3% in the total sample, 4% in boys, and 2% in girls. Moreover, the prevalence of MetS in the overweight and obesity populations were 5% and 12% respectively. The prevalence of MetS remained higher in boys than in girls. The concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum uric acid (SUA), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were higher in the MetS children in comparison with non-MetS children (All p < 0.05), while the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration was lower in MetS children. After adjusting for socioeconomic parameters in the multivariable regression model, MetS was strongly associated with ALT, SUA, HDL, and LDL. The five components of MetS indicated that abdominal obesity and a high serum triglyceride (TG) concentration were tightly linked with ALT, SUA, LDL, and CRP; while a low HDL concentration and elevated blood pressure were related to enhanced ALT, UA, and CRP. Additionally, impaired fasting glucose was only related to increased ALT. Conclusion: The epidemiological issues of MetS in Beijing adolescents should be known across socioeconomic classes. Early intervention strategies, such as dietary pattern interventions and physical excise, should be designed for that population to reduce the disease burdens of cardiovascular disease (CVD), Type 2 diabetes (T2D), and steatohepatitis in adulthood.

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Sex and area differences in the association between adiposity and lipid profile in Malawi

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001542 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. e001542 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ana Luiza G Soares ◽

Louis Banda ◽

Alemayehu Amberbir ◽

Shabbar Jaffar ◽

Crispin Musicha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Profile ◽

Rural Women ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipid Profiles ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Central Adiposity ◽

Cross Sectional

BackgroundEvidence from high-income countries shows that higher adiposity results in an adverse lipid profile, but it is unclear whether this association is similar in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) populations. This study aimed to assess the association between total and central adiposity measures and lipid profile in Malawi, exploring differences by sex and area of residence (rural/urban).MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, data from 12 096 rural and 12 847 urban Malawian residents were used. The associations of body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) with fasting lipids (total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG)) were assessed by area and sex.ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders, higher BMI and WHR were linearly associated with increased TC, LDL-C and TG and reduced HDL-C. BMI was more strongly related to fasting lipids than was WHR. The associations of adiposity with adverse lipid profile were stronger in rural compared with urban residents. For instance, one SD increase in BMI was associated with 0.23 mmol/L (95% CI 0.19 to 0.26) increase in TC in rural women and 0.13 mmol/L (95% CI 0.11 to 0.15) in urban women. Sex differences in the associations between adiposity and lipids were less evident.ConclusionsThe consistent associations observed of higher adiposity with adverse lipid profiles in men and women living in rural and urban areas of Malawi highlight the emerging adverse cardio-metabolic epidemic in this poor population. Our findings underline the potential utility of BMI in estimating cardiovascular risk and highlight the need for greater investment to understand the long-term health outcomes of obesity and adverse lipid profiles and the extent to which lifestyle changes and treatments effectively prevent and modify adverse cardio-metabolic outcomes.

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