scholarly journals Global Review of the Age Distribution of Rotavirus Disease in Children Aged <5 Years Before the Introduction of Rotavirus Vaccination

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1071-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Hasso-Agopsowicz ◽  
Chandresh Nanji Ladva ◽  
Benjamin Lopman ◽  
Colin Sanderson ◽  
Adam L Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
First Year ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccines ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Very High

Abstract We sought datasets with granular age distributions of rotavirus-positive disease presentations among children <5 years of age, before the introduction of rotavirus vaccines. We identified 117 datasets and fit parametric age distributions to each country dataset and mortality stratum. We calculated the median age and the cumulative proportion of rotavirus gastroenteritis events expected to occur at ages between birth and 5.0 years. The median age of rotavirus-positive hospital admissions was 38 weeks (interquartile range [IQR], 25–58 weeks) in countries with very high child mortality and 65 weeks (IQR, 40–107 weeks) in countries with very low or low child mortality. In countries with very high child mortality, 69% of rotavirus-positive admissions in children <5 years of age were in the first year of life, with 3% by 10 weeks, 8% by 15 weeks, and 27% by 26 weeks. This information is critical for assessing the potential benefits of alternative rotavirus vaccination schedules in different countries and for monitoring program impact.

scholarly journals Update on the global epidemiology of intussusception: a systematic review of incidence rates, age distributions and case-fatality ratios among children aged <5 years, before the introduction of rotavirus vaccination

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1316-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D Clark ◽  
Mateusz Hasso-Agopsowicz ◽  
Matthew W Kraus ◽  
Lisa K Stockdale ◽  
Colin F B Sanderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Western Pacific Region ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccines ◽  
Global Epidemiology ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
The Western Pacific

Abstract Background In some countries that have introduced oral rotavirus vaccines, a small but elevated risk of intussusception—a rare bowel disorder—has been reported. Updated estimates on the global epidemiology of intussusception are needed to help predict the potential number of intussusception cases that could be caused by the vaccine in different settings. Methods We estimated incidence rates, age distributions and case-fatality ratios (CFRs) for intussusception hospital admissions among children aged <5 years, before the introduction of rotavirus vaccines. We included all articles identified in a systematic review between January 2002 and January 2018, and contacted authors for more granular unpublished data on age distributions. Results We identified 128 articles containing 227 country datasets (61 age distributions, 71 incidence rates and 95 CFRs). The median age of intussusception ranged from 29 weeks in Africa (83% of cases in the first year of life) to 70 weeks in the Western Pacific region (35% of cases in the first year of life). The median (range) annual incidence of intussusception hospital admissions per 100 000 aged <1 year ranged from 34 (13–56) in Africa to 90 (9–380) in the Western Pacific region. We found extreme differences between the CFRs in Africa (1 death in every 10 hospital admissions) and the rest of the world (fewer than 1 death in every 100–2000 hospital admissions). Conclusion Intussusception epidemiology varies by country and region. Understanding and recognizing these differences will be important when assessing the potential number of intussusception cases associated with rotavirus vaccines.

scholarly journals Follow-up evaluation of children with birth weight less than or equal to 2,000 g

2004 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia de Freitas ◽  
Arnaldo Siqueira ◽  
Conceição Aparecida de Mattos Segre
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Hyaline Membrane Disease ◽  
First Year ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Reference Curve ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
First Year Of Life

CONTEXT: During the first year of life, the growth process is highly vulnerable to several impairing factors that need to be understood. OBJECTIVE: To perform follow-up evaluation on newborns weighing less than or equal to 2,000 g in a population of low socioeconomic level. TYPE OF STUDY: Retrospective. SETTING: Hospital Maternidade Escola de Vila Nova Cachoeirinha, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: The study included 60 children born between March 1996 and January 1998, weighing less than or equal to 2,000 g. They were divided into three subgroups, according to birth weight and adequacy for gestational age. The factors studied were maternal variables, illnesses among the newborns, hospital admissions subsequent to discharge from the nursery, and the evolution of weight from birth until 12 months of life. Statistical analyses were performed through application of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) V.9.0 and Curve Expert 1.3 programs. RESULTS: Previous maternal diseases occurred in 38.6% of the pregnant women and intercurrent events occurred in 100%. The prevailing neonatal diseases were sepsis (30%) and hyaline membrane disease (25%). There were 404 visits on an outpatient basis: the most frequently diagnosed complaints related to respiratory diseases (26%). Among visits to specialists, 81.7% were to the neuropediatrician. A diagnosis of normality was made for 80% of all visits, for all specialties. For each of these groups, a growth curve was established. These were shown to be below the reference curve standards, with such differences least evident with regard to the children's corrected age. DISCUSSION: The severity of the newborns'conditions may be related to the high incidence of maternal diseases prior to pregnancy as well as intercurrent events during pregnancy. The differences in growth in relation to NCHS charts show that corrected age should be used as a parameter. CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic conditions, clinical/obstetric events and newborn diseases during the hospital stay had repercussions on these children's progress during their first year of life. Their growth profile was found to be very far from the reference standard, thus indicating a need for constant, differentiated assessment.

scholarly journals Health Care Costs Associated to Type of Feeding in the First Year of Life

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4719
Author(s):  
Carolina Lechosa-Muñiz ◽  
María Paz-Zulueta ◽  
María Sáez de Adana Herrero ◽  
Elsa Cornejo del Rio ◽  
Sonia Mateo Sota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Health Care Costs ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Care Costs

Background: Breastfeeding is associated with lower risk of infectious diseases, leading to fewer hospital admissions and pediatrician consultations. It is cost saving for the health care system, however, it is not usually estimated from actual cohorts but via simulation studies. Methods: A cohort of 970 children was followed-up for twelve months. Data on mother characteristics, pregnancy, delivery and neonate characteristics were obtained from medical records. The type of neonate feeding at discharge, 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12 months of life was reported by the mothers. Infectious diseases diagnosed in the first year of life, hospital admissions, primary care and emergency room consultations and drug treatments were obtained from neonate medical records. Health care costs were attributed using public prices and All Patients Refined–Diagnosis Related Groups (APR–DRG) classification. Results: Health care costs in the first year of life were higher in children artificially fed than in those breastfed (1339.5€, 95% confidence interval (CI): 903.0–1775.0 for artificially fed vs. 443.5€, 95% CI: 193.7–694.0 for breastfed). The breakdown of costs also shows differences in primary care consultations (295.7€ for formula fed children vs. 197.9€ for breastfed children), emergency room consultations (260.1€ for artificially fed children vs. 196.2€ for breastfed children) and hospital admissions (791.6€ for artificially fed children vs. 86.9€ for breastfed children). Conclusions: Children artificially fed brought about more health care costs related to infectious diseases than those exclusively breastfed or mixed breastfed. Excess costs were caused in hospital admissions, primary care consultations, emergency room consultations and drug consumption.

scholarly journals Randomised controlled trial of paracetamol or ibuprofen, as required for fever and pain in the first year of life, for prevention of asthma at age 6 years: paracetamol or ibuprofen in the primary prevention of asthma in Tamariki (PIPPA Tamariki) protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e038296
Author(s):  
Eunicia Tan ◽  
Irene Braithwaite ◽  
Christopher McKinlay ◽  
Judith Riley ◽  
Karen Hoare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
First Year ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
First Year Of Life

IntroductionAsthma is one of the most common diseases in the world and is a global public health burden. There is an urgent need for research that leads to evidenced-based primary prevention strategies to reduce the prevalence of asthma. One novel risk factor that might have a role in the pathogenesis of asthma is the use of paracetamol in early life. This trial aims to determine if paracetamol, compared with ibuprofen use, as required for fever and pain in the first year of life, increases the risk of asthma at age 6 years.Methods and analysisThe Paracetamol and Ibuprofen in Primary Prevention of Asthma in Tamariki trial is a multicentre, open-label, two-arm parallel randomised controlled trial. 3922 infants born at ≥32 weeks’ gestation will be randomly allocated to receive only paracetamol or only ibuprofen for treatment of fever and pain, if required in the first year of life. The primary outcome is asthma at 6 years of age, defined as the presence of wheeze in the preceding 12 months. Secondary outcomes include hospital admissions for bronchiolitis, wheeze or asthma in the first year of life, and within the first 6 years of life; wheeze at 3 years of age; eczema within the first year and at 3 and 6 years of age; atopy at 3 and 6 years of age.Ethics and disseminationThe trial has been approved by the Northern A Health and Disability Ethics Committee of New Zealand (17/NTA/233). Dissemination plans include publication in international peer-reviewed journals, and presentation at national and international scientific meetings, assimilation into national and international guidelines, and presentation of findings to lay audiences through established media links.Trial registration numberACTRN12618000303246; Pre-results.

scholarly journals Risk Factors and Costs of Hospital Admissions in First Year of Life: A Population-Based Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 163 (4) ◽  
pp. 1014-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha J. Lain ◽  
Natasha Nassar ◽  
Jennifer R. Bowen ◽  
Christine L. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Population Based ◽  
First Year ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
First Year Of Life

scholarly journals Incidence and penicillin sensitivity ofStaphylococcus aureusin the nose in infants and their mothers

1953 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Ludlam
Keyword(s):  
Phage Type ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
First Year ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Very High ◽  
At Home

1. Among infants attending Child Welfare Clinics there was a steady decline in the incidence of nasal carriage ofStaph. aureusover the first year of life.2. Infants born in hospital showed a much higher incidence ofStaph. aureusin the first 2 months of life than infants born at home. A similar difference was also very distinct in the later part of the first year of life.3. Mothers delivered 2 weeks to 2 months previously had a higher incidence of nasal carriage ofStaph. aureuswhen delivered in hospital than when delivered at home. After this interval the incidence was similar in all groups of mothers throughout the rest of the year.4. In the first few months of life there was a tendency for carriage in infants to be associated with carriage in the mother, but towards the end of the year there was no such relationship. This association appeared most clearly in infants born at home and in infants 2–5 months old born in hospital F.5. A very high proportion (25 out of 30) of the strains tested from infants born in hospital F less than 5 months previously were penicillin-resistant. Infants born at home had a much lower incidence of resistant strains.6. A high proportion of strains ofStaph. aureusisolated from mothers delivered in hospital F were resistant throughout the first year. Strains from mothers delivered in hospital C or at home showed a much lower proportion of resistant strains.7. Phage-typing showed a great variety of types, but those found among the penicillin-resistant strains were rather less varied than among the sensitive strains. WhenStaph. aureuswas found both in infant and mother, although the same phage type was commonly present in both, in 16 out of 35 couples different types were found.8. Investigation in maternity hospitals C and F showed a high proportion of penicillin-resistant strains ofStaph. aureusamong the nurses and infants and in the dust of the nurseries, but not among the mothers. There was no important difference between the two hospitals as regards the incidence of resistant strains isolated from nurses and infants in spite of the differences found in babies from the two hospitals when swabbed at the clinics.9. The significance of these results is discussed.

Hospital admissions in the first year of life in very preterm infants

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
DE Elder ◽  
R Hagan ◽  
SF Evans ◽  
HR Benninger ◽  
NP French
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
First Year ◽  
Very Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
First Year Of Life

scholarly journals Carriage of multiple ribotypes of non-encapsulatedHaemophilus influenzaein Aboriginal infants with otitis media

1996 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Smith-Vaughan ◽  
A. J. Leach ◽  
T. M. Shelby-James ◽  
K. Kemp ◽  
D. J. Kemp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Restriction Enzyme ◽  
First Year ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Very High

SUMMARYRibotyping with the restriction enzymeXbaI was used to study the dynamics of carriage of non-encapsulatedHaemophilus influenzae(NCHi) in Aboriginal infants at risk of otitis media. Carriage rates of NCHi in the infants in the community were very high; the median age for detection was 50 days and colonization was virtually 100% by 120 days of age and persisted at a high level throughout the first year of life [1]. Eighteen different ribotypes of NCHi were identified from 34 positive swabs taken from 3 infants over a period of 9 months. The same ribotypes were recovered for up to 3 months from consecutive swabs of individual infants, and 12 of 27 swabs (44·4%) yielded two ribotypes from four colonies typed. Statistical analysis suggested that most swabs would have been positive for two ribotypes if enough colonies had been typed although the second most frequent ribotype was detected on average in only 13% of strains. Early colonization and carriage of multiple ribotypes of NCHi may help to explain the chronicity of carriage and thus the persistence of otitis media in Aboriginal infants.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of Rotavirus Testing and Admitting Practices for Gastroenteritis among 12 Tertiary Care Pediatric Hospitals: Implications for Surveillance

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Bettinger ◽  
Kathryn Wills ◽  
Nicole Le Saux ◽  
David W Scheifele ◽  
Scott A. Halperin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Local Case ◽  
Testing Practices

BACKGROUND: The Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program, ACTive (IMPACT) surveillance for rotavirus relies on monitoring hospital admissions. Because a diagnosis of rotavirus is not necessary for treatment purposes, and rotavirus is not a reportable disease, wide variation may exist in the admitting and testing practices for this disease. From 2005 to 2007, the number of rotavirus admissions differed significantly among IMPACT centres, and this variation could not be explained by population differences alone. Understanding this variation is important when interpreting surveillance data and estimating the cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination programs.METHODS: Key informant interviews were conducted with pediatric infectious disease physicians and IMPACT nurse monitors involved with rotavirus surveillance to obtain in-depth information about rotavirus testing and admitting practices at each of the 12 IMPACT centres.RESULTS: A total of 18 of 24 interviews were completed, with at least one interview conducted with physicians and/or nurses at each centre. Four major differences were identified among the centres: case-identification methods, admission definitions, admission criteria and testing criteria. The criteria for admitting and testing patients as well as which patients were defined as admissions had the greatest influence on case totals.DISCUSSION: The present study found that differences in admitting and testing practices may contribute to significant differences in rotavirus admission totals. Given these differences, caution should be used when using local case estimates for cost-effectiveness analyses and immunization program decisions. The present study illustrates that understanding the factors that influence the identification of a disease is important when interpreting and applying surveillance data.

scholarly journals Retrospective study on some diseases causing mortality in West African Dwarf (Fouta djallon) goats during the first year of life: an eight-year study

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
M. O. Oyeyemi ◽  
M. O. Akusu
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
West African ◽  
First Year ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Age Group ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Fouta Djallon ◽  
Very High

During an eight-year-study involving 242 kids born between 1993-2000, kid mortality for kids up to / year old was 47.52%. Irrespective of the age group, mortality was generally very high in young kids. The patterns of deaths were as follows: 29.57% before 3 months; 26.96% between 3 and 6 months, 12.17% between 6 and 9 months while 31.30% died between 9 and 12 months of age. Mortality rate for the 6-9 months period was significantly lower (P<0.05) than at other periods. The causes of kids' mortality were bad mothering abilities, malnutrition and disease. Pneumonia (37.39%) and pneumoenteritis (34.78%) were the major causes of death during the first year of life It was found out that kid with birth weight below 1.0kg and twins died before weaning. The introduction of new goat is a source of infectious disease especially PPR in the herd/flock. Also observed, as source is the introduction of new goats at age group 9-12 month. It is recommended that disease prevention, good management including the provision of adequate feeds for good growth and efficient veterinary care should be provided for goats in their first year of lif

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