Determination of plasma bicarbonate of neonates in intensive care.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1483-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Masters ◽  
M E Blackburn ◽  
M J Henderson ◽  
J F Barrett ◽  
P R Dear
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Plasma Bicarbonate ◽  
A Value ◽  
Hasselbalch Equation

Abstract Most modern blood-gas analyzers are programmed to use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to calculate a value for plasma bicarbonate. It has been suggested, however, that among acutely ill patients, including newborns, these calculated values may be at variance with measured total CO2. To assess the clinical significance of such errors, we compared calculated bicarbonate with measured total CO2 in 79 blood samples from 40 babies in intensive care. The calculated bicarbonate values consistently exceeded the measured values by about 1.5 mmol/L. Of the errors, 94% were within the range -10% to +20%. When the systematic bias was removed, calculated and measured bicarbonate values agreed within +/- 3.30 mmol/L in 95% of cases. Because calculated values can be obtained much more quickly and frequently than laboratory measurements, we believe that these limits are clinically acceptable.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Syringes to Collect Blood for Analysis of Gases, Electrolytes and Glucose

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 698-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Carter ◽  
J. Tibballs ◽  
M. Hochmann ◽  
A. Osborne ◽  
A. Chiriano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Ionized Calcium ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Medical Products ◽  
Clinically Significant

We studied the interchangeability of two blood gas syringes (Johns, Hardie Health Care Products Pty Ltd and Marksman, Martell Medical Products Inc) for the collection of blood for the analysis of PCO2, PO2, pH, sodium, potassium and glucose in 71 intensive care unit patients. The interchangeability of these two syringes with a specially designed syringe (Radiometer, Radiometer A/S) for the collection of blood for the analysis of ionized calcium was also studied. Analysis of pH, sodium, potassium and glucose showed no clinically significant differences between samples collected with Johns and Marksman syringes. However, differences in PCO2 and PO2 in samples collected with these syringes may be clinically significant if the PO2 is less than 100 mmHg. There were no clinically significant differences in ionized calcium levels in blood samples collected with Johns, Marksman and Radiometer syringes. We conclude that Johns and Marksman syringes are interchangeable for the collection of blood for the analysis of PCO2, PO2, pH, sodium, potassium and glucose and they are also interchangeable with Radiometer syringes for the collection of blood for ionized calcium analysis.

scholarly journals The clinical significance of simultaneous detection of pathogens from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood samples by metagenomic next-generation sequencing in patients with severe pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinlian Chen ◽  
Yuxi Zhao ◽  
Yongpeng Shang ◽  
Zhiwei Lin ◽  
Guangjian Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Introduction. Bloodstream infection is a common complication in patients with severe pneumonia and is regarded as an independent risk factor for prediction of poor outcome. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has been widely applied for pathogen determination of various clinical specimens from patients with infectious diseases. However, the clinical significance of and necessity for simultaneous pathogen detection of both blood samples and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) by mNGS in patients with severe pneumonia remains unclear. Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Simultaneous detection of pathogens from both BALF and blood samples in patients with severe pneumonia helps to determine the complication of the bloodstream infection. Aims. This study aimed to elucidate the clinical significance and necessity of pathogen detection simultaneously in both blood samples and BALF samples with the application of mNGS in patients with severe pneumonia. Methods. In this study, 20 patients with severe pneumonia were enrolled and the potential pathogens in both BALF and blood samples were detected simultaneously by conventional microbial examination and mNGS tests. Moreover, multiple consecutive microbial detections were undertaken to investigate the dynamic variation of pathogens during the course of disease progression in two of the 20 patients. Results. In 85 % (17/20) of the patients with severe pneumonia, various pathogens were determined positively in the BALF by mNGS, including 10 cases with bacterial infection, five cases with viral infection and two cases with fungal infection. By contrast, pathogens in 50 % (10/20) of cases could be detected positively in the BALF by conventional microbial tests. Among 17 severe pneumonia patients with mNGS-positive BALF, pathogens were also identified in 10 cases with mNGS-positive blood samples. By contrast, only one patient complicated with a bloodstream infection could be found by conventional bacterial culture. Moreover, the pathogens from BALF were highly consistent with that from blood samples detected by mNGS in the early stage of the disease. With disease progression and after recurrent antibiotic treatment, significant dynamic changes of the microbial species from the BALF and blood samples could be clearly found by mNGS. Conclusions. This study emphasizes the utility of mNGS in the rapid simultaneous detection of pathogens from both BALF and blood samples in patients with severe pneumonia, and could allow determination of bloodstream infection and guide clinicians regarding antimicrobial treatments.

A technique for the measurement of orthophosphate in human erythrocytes, and some studies of its determinants

1985 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Challa ◽  
A. Bevington ◽  
C. M. Angier ◽  
A. J. Asbury ◽  
C. J. Preston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Internal Standardization ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

1. A technique is described for the determination of orthophosphate (Pi) in human erythrocytes. The advantages of the technique are that it uses whole blood rather than separated erythrocytes, that it avoids major hydrolysis of organic phosphates, that it takes account of incomplete recovery of Pi and that it minimizes the effects of chilling the cells. 2. In chilled samples from 46 patients in an intensive care unit, the cellular concentration of Pi was proportional to that in plasma. 3. Blood samples from nine normal subjects were incubated at 37°C. The cellular Pi was 0.79 mmol/litre of cells using an external standardization and 0.67 using an internal standardization. When the same cell samples were chilled on ice for 30 min, the internally standardized value decreased further to 0.57 mmol/litre of cells. These results suggest that differences in recovery, and the extent of chilling, contribute to the variability in the previously reported values for erythrocyte Pi. 4. If Pi, like chloride, had distributed passively between cells and plasma in these samples, the cell to plasma molar concentration ratio for Pi should have been 0.29, compared with the measured value of 0.64. This difference suggests that some factor, in addition to passive diffusion, determined the distribution of Pi.

Unpredictable error in calculated bicarbonate homeostasis during pediatric intensive care: the delusion of fixed pK'.

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
R C Rosan ◽  
D Enlander ◽  
J Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Hasselbalch Equation

Abstract Bicarbonate balance is usually calculated from indirect total CO2 values determined by blood-gas analysis. Total CO2 is computed from the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, under the assumption that the pK' is constant or at most varies insignificantly. In pediatric patients in intensive care, we have found instances of large errors in this assumption. We join Natelson and Nobel in asserting that total CO2 should be measured. Little reliance should be placed on bicarbonate estimation.

Evaluation of a hand-held blood gas analyzer for rapid determination of blood gases, electrolytes and metabolites in intensive care setting

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti A.M. Luukkonen ◽  
Tiina M. Lehto ◽  
Pirjo S.M. Hedberg ◽  
Tommy E. Vaskivuo
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Blood Gas Parameters ◽  
Blood Gas Analyzer

AbstractIntensive care units, operating rooms, emergency departments, and neonatology units need rapid measurements of blood gases, electrolytes, and metabolites. These analyses can be performed in a central laboratory or at the clinic with traditional or compact cassette-type blood gas analyzers such as the epoc blood gas testing system for analyzing whole blood samples at the bedside. In this study, the performance and interchangeability of a hand-held epoc blood gas analyzer was evaluated.The analytical performance of the epoc analyzer was evaluated by determining within-and between-run precisions. The accuracy of the epoc analyzer was assessed by comparing patient results from the device with those obtained with the Siemens Rapidlab 1265 and Rapidpoint RP500 and Siemens Dimension Vista and Sysmex XE-2100 analyzers. The following parameters were measured: pH, pCOThe CV% of the epoc’s between-day imprecision for the various parameters varied from 0.4 to 8.6. The within-run imprecision CV% varied from 0.6 to 5.2. The squared regression coefficient (RWith most of the measured blood gas parameters, the epoc analyzer correlated well with reference techniques. The epoc analyzer is suitable for rapid measurement of the blood gases, the electrolytes, and the metabolites in the ICU.

scholarly journals Reducing Point-of-care Blood Gas Testing in the Intensive Care Unit through Diagnostic Stewardship: A Value Improvement Project

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. e284
Author(s):  
Michael J. Tchou ◽  
Sally May ◽  
John Holcomb ◽  
Ethan Tanner-Edwards ◽  
Kathy Good ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
A Value

scholarly journals Determination of Lidocaine in Postmortem Whole Blood Samples after Unsuccessful Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Amvrosios Orfanidis ◽  
Nikolaos Raikos ◽  
Evdokia Brousa ◽  
Eleni Zangelidou ◽  
Orthodoxia Mastrogianni
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Quantitation Limit ◽  
A Value ◽  
Whole Blood Samples ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability

Forensic toxicologists often detect lidocaine in the biological fluids of the deceased, due to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) attempts prior to death. Here, we describe the development of a rapid, sensitive and robust method for the detection of lidocaine in postmortem whole blood using liquid−liquid extraction (LLE) followed by GC/MS analysis. The method showed a dynamic linear range of 100 to 6000 ng/mL with a linearity expressed by the regression coefficient (R2) and a value of 0.9947. The quantitation limit (LOQ) was found to be 0.03 ng/mL and the detection limit (LOD) 0.01 ng/mL. Recovery accuracy and repeatability were satisfactory. Finally, the method was applied to 23 real whole blood samples from cases where CPR was attempted. Blood concentrations ranged from 0.21–0.96 μg/mL.

Vitamin A Value of Plant Food Provitamin A - Evaluated by the Stable Isotope Technologies

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangwen Tang
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
A Value ◽  
Provitamin A Carotenoids ◽  
Β Carotene

Humans need vitamin A and obtain essential vitamin A by conversion of plant foods rich in provitamin A and/or absorption of preformed vitamin A from foods of animal origin. The determination of the vitamin A value of plant foods rich in provitamin A is important but has challenges. The aim of this paper is to review the progress over last 80 years following the discovery on the conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A and the various techniques including stable isotope technologies that have been developed to determine vitamin A values of plant provitamin A (mainly β-carotene). These include applications from using radioactive β-carotene and vitamin A, depletion-repletion with vitamin A and β-carotene, and measuring postprandial chylomicron fractions after feeding a β-carotene rich diet, to using stable isotopes as tracers to follow the absorption and conversion of plant food provitamin A carotenoids (mainly β-carotene) in humans. These approaches have greatly promoted our understanding of the absorption and conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A. Stable isotope labeled plant foods are useful for determining the overall bioavailability of provitamin A carotenoids from specific foods. Locally obtained plant foods can provide vitamin A and prevent deficiency of vitamin A, a remaining worldwide concern.

Synthesis and solvatochromic studies of 2- amino-3-phenolazo1-(4-sulfophenyl)-3-methyi-5-pyrozolone and use it for the determination of trace amount of Nickel (II) in blood samples

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4920
Author(s):  
Amar M. Ali ◽  
Hussain. J. Mohammed*
Keyword(s):  
Stability Constant ◽  
Trace Amount ◽  
Benzenesulfonic Acid ◽  
Determination Method ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Determination Of Nickel ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Normal Human Blood

A new, simple, sensitive and rapid spectrophotometric method is proposed for the determination of trace amount of Nickel (II). The method is based on the formation of a 1:2 complex with 4-(4-((2-hydroxy-6-nitrophenyl) diazenyl) -3-methyl-5-oxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) benzenesulfonic acid (2-ANASP) as a new reagent is developed. The complex has a maximum absorption at 516 nm and εmax of 1. 84 X 105 L. mol-1. cm-1. A linear correlation (0. 25 – 4. 0μg. ml-1) was found between absorbance at λmax and concentration. The accuracy and reproducibility of the determination method for various known amounts of Nickel (II) were tested. The results obtained are both precise (RSD was 1. 2 %) and accurate (relative error was 0. 787 %). The effect of diverse ions on the determination of Nickel (II) to investigate the selectivity of the method were also studied. The stability constant of the product was 0. 399 X 106 L. mol-1. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of diabetes blood and normal human blood. 

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