Total creatine kinase (CK) and CK-B activity in maternal blood and cord-blood samples after vaginal and cesarean births.

Abstract We studied variations in the activity of total creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) and of CK-B in maternal and cord-blood samples, comparing data obtained for vaginal and cesarean births. CK-B activity was determined with an immunoinhibition assay. In all cases, there was a significant postpartum increase in total CK and in CK-B activity in maternal sera, whereas cord-blood samples showed no significant differences between activities in arterial and venous blood for either vaginal or cesarean births. Statistically significant differences were found in CK-B activity, but not in total CK, between cord-blood samples from vaginal births and those from cesareans.

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Cardiac Troponin T in Female Athletes during a Two-Day Mountain Marathon

Scottish Medical Journal ◽

10.1177/003693300304800204 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 41-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

RE Shave ◽

E Dawson ◽

P G Whyte ◽

K George ◽

D Ball ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Creatine Kinase ◽

Cardiac Troponin ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Troponin T ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Cardiac Troponin T ◽

Cardiac Damage ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Total Creatine ◽

Creatine Kinase Isoenzyme Mb

Background: Equivocal studies exist on the potential of cardiac damage following prolonged endurance exercise. Aims: The aim of the study was to examine humoral markers of cardiac damage in female athletes during a 2-day mountain endurance race. Methods: Venous blood samples were drawn from seven female competitors prior to, and immediately following day-1 and day-2 of the event. The serum was analysed for total creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CKMB), and cardiac troponin T (cTnT). Results: Elevations in CK and CKMB were apparent following day-1 of the event (mean ± SD; CK 84.1±54.6 mg/L vs. 387±276.7 mg/L, CKMB 2±1.7 mg/L vs. 5.9±1.7 mg/L) and subsequently rose further following race completion (CK 743±500 mg/L, CKMB 11.9±4.9 mg/L). Elevations in cTnT were noted in three competitors following day-1 cTnT (range 0.013–0.044 mg/L) and remained elevated in two competitors following day-2 (range 0.014–0.017 mg/L). Conclusions: The elevations in cTnT likely represent release from the cytosolic fraction. The mechanism responsible for such release is yet to be elucidated.

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CAPACITY OF THYROXINE-BINDING GLOBULIN TO BIND TRIIODOTHYRONINE AND THYROXINE IN MATERNAL AND CORD BLOOD

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.29.3.369 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 369-375

Author(s):

William M. Michener ◽

W. Newlon Tauxe ◽

Alvin B. Hayles

Keyword(s):

Cord Blood ◽

Normal Values ◽

Binding Capacity ◽

Quantitative Difference ◽

Maternal Blood ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Thyroxine Binding Globulin

Normal values for the measurement of thyroidal function using the erythrocytic uptake of I131-labeled triiodothyronine and the thyroxine-binding capacity of the inter-alpha globulin were established. Paired maternal and cord blood samples collected at the time of delivery were studied with these methods. The erythrocytic uptake of labeled hormone was increased in cord blood as compared to maternal blood. Cord blood apparently binds exogenous triiodothyronine in a different manner than it does exogenous thyroxine. Whether this is a qualitative or quantitative difference was not shown in this study.

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Association study of rs1801282 PPARG gene polymorphism and immune cells and cytokine levels in a Spanish pregnant women cohort and their offspring

Journal of Biomedical Science ◽

10.1186/s12929-020-00694-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maria García-Ricobaraza ◽

Mercedes García-Bermúdez ◽

Francisco J. Torres-Espinola ◽

M. Teresa Segura Moreno ◽

Mathieu N. Bleyere ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Gene Polymorphism ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Inflammatory Reactions ◽

Immune Parameters

Abstract Background Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG) belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily functioning as transcription factors to regulate cellular differentiation, development and metabolism. Moreover, it has been implicated in the regulation of lipid metabolism, as well as the maturation of monocytes/macrophages and the control of inflammatory reactions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the Pro12Ala (rs1808212) PPARG gene polymorphism on immune molecular and cellular components in mothers and their offspring participating in the PREOBE study. Methods DNA from maternal venous blood samples at 24, 34 and 40 gestational weeks, plus cord blood samples was extracted. Pro12Ala PPARG polymorphism genotyping was performed, and immune system markers were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results Study findings revealed no effect of rs1808212 PPARG genotypes on innate immune parameters in mothers and their offspring; however, CD4 + /CD8 + ratio were decreased at 24 and 34 weeks in pregnant women carrying the CG (Pro12Ala) rs1808212 polymorphism, (p = 0,012 and p = 0,030; respectively). Only CD19 levels in peripheral blood were significantly higher at delivery in pregnant women carrying the CC (Pro12Pro) genotype (p ≤ 0.001). Moreover, there were statistically significant differences in leukocytes and neutrophils maternal levels at 34 weeks of gestation, being lower in carriers of Pro12Ala genotype (p = 0.028 and p = 0.031, respectively). Conclusions Results suggest that Pro12Ala PPARG polymorphism may have an effect on some cell and immune parameters in pregnant women during pregnancy and at time of delivery. However, newborn innate immune system does not seems to be influenced by PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism in cord blood.

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Formate concentrations in maternal plasma during pregnancy and in cord blood in a cohort of pregnant Canadian women: relations to genetic polymorphisms and plasma metabolites

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqz152 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 110 (5) ◽

pp. 1131-1137 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

John T Brosnan ◽

Lesley Plumptre ◽

Margaret E Brosnan ◽

Theerawat Pongnopparat ◽

Shannon P Masih ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cord Blood ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Carbon Metabolism ◽

Critical Role ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Maternal Blood ◽

Plasma Metabolites ◽

Blood Samples ◽

One Carbon Metabolism ◽

Thymidylate Synthesis

ABSTRACT Background One-carbon metabolism, responsible for purine and thymidylate synthesis and transmethylation reactions, plays a critical role in embryonic and fetal development. Formate is a key player in one-carbon metabolism. In contrast to other one-carbon metabolites, it is not linked to tetrahydrofolate, is present in plasma at appreciable concentrations, and may therefore be distributed to different tissues. Objective The study was designed to determine the concentration of formate in cord blood in comparison with maternal blood taken earlier in pregnancy and at delivery and to relate formate concentrations to potential precursors and key fetal genotypes. Methods Formate and amino acids were measured in plasma during early pregnancy (12–16 wk), at delivery (37–42 wk), and in cord blood samples from 215 mothers, of a prospective cohort study. Three fetal genetic variants in one-carbon metabolism were assessed for their association with cord plasma concentrations of formate. Results The formate concentration was ∼60% higher in the cord blood samples than in mothers’ plasma. The maternal formate concentrations did not differ between the early pregnancy samples and those taken at delivery. Plasma concentrations of 4 formate precursors (serine, glycine, tryptophan, and methionine) were increased in cord blood compared with the maternal samples. Cord blood formate was influenced by fetal genotype, being ∼12% higher in infants harboring the MTHFR A1298C (rs1801131) AC or CC genotypes and 10% lower in infants harboring the MTHFD1 G1958A (rs2236225) GA or AA genotypes. Conclusions The increased formate concentrations in cord blood may support the increased activity of one-carbon metabolism in infants. As such, it would support increased rates of purine and thymidylate synthesis and the provision of methionine for methylation reactions.

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Prevalence of transmissible viral disease in maternal blood samples of autologous umbilical cord blood in a private cord blood bank

Transplantation Technology ◽

10.7243/2053-6623-1-1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Juthatip Fongsarun ◽

Maneerat Ekkapongpisit ◽

Mantana Paisan ◽

Siripen Chanthachorn ◽

Konstantinos I Papadopoulos

Keyword(s):

Cord Blood ◽

Umbilical Cord ◽

Umbilical Cord Blood ◽

Viral Disease ◽

Maternal Blood ◽

Blood Bank ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Cord Blood Bank

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Pharmacokinetics of Prophylactic Cefazolin in Parturients Undergoing Cesarean Delivery

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.02613-13 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 58 (6) ◽

pp. 3504-3513 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Mohammed H. Elkomy ◽

Pervez Sultan ◽

David R. Drover ◽

Ekaterina Epshtein ◽

Jeffery L. Galinkin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cord Blood ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Cesarean Delivery ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Maternal Blood ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Elective Cesarean ◽

Neonatal Blood ◽

The Impact ◽

Maternal Administration

ABSTRACTThe objectives of this work were (i) to characterize the pharmacokinetics of cefazolin in pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean delivery and in their neonates; (ii) to assess cefazolin transplacental transmission; (iii) to evaluate the dosing and timing of preoperative, prophylactic administration of cefazolin to pregnant women; and (iv) to investigate the impact of maternal dosing on therapeutic duration and exposure in newborns. Twenty women received 1 g of cefazolin preoperatively. Plasma concentrations of total cefazolin were analyzed from maternal blood samples taken before, during, and after delivery; umbilical cord blood samples obtained at delivery; and neonatal blood samples collected 24 h after birth. The distribution volume of cefazolin was 9.44 liters/h. The values for pre- and postdelivery clearance were 7.18 and 4.12 liters/h, respectively. Computer simulations revealed that the probability of maintaining free cefazolin concentrations in plasma above 8 mg/liter during scheduled caesarean surgery was <50% in the cord blood when cefazolin was administered in doses of <2 g or when it was administered <1 h before delivery. Therapeutic concentrations of cefazolin persisted in neonates >5 h after birth. Cefazolin clearance increases during pregnancy, and larger doses are recommended for surgical prophylaxis in pregnant women to obtain the same antibacterial effect as in nonpregnant patients. Cefazolin has a longer half-life in neonates than in adults. Maternal administration of up to 2 g of cefazolin is effective and produces exposure within clinically approved limits in neonates.

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Higher Levels of Triglyceride, Fatty Acid Translocase, and Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Lower Level of HDL-C in Pregnant Women with GDM and Their Close Correlation with Neonatal Weight

Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation ◽

10.1159/000510032 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Jianli Zhou ◽

Jie Bai ◽

Yanjuan Guo ◽

Lijun Fu ◽

Jun Xing

Keyword(s):

Cord Blood ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Umbilical Cord ◽

Umbilical Cord Blood ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Maternal Blood ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Toll Like Receptor 4

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to compare the levels of maternal blood lipids, placental and venous blood lipid transporters, and inflammatory factor receptors in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We also aimed to figure out the relationship between these values and neonatal weight. Methods: Fifty pregnant women with GDM under blood glucose control belong to the case group, and 50 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance in concurrent delivery belong to the control group. Fasting venous blood of these pregnant women was taken 2 weeks before delivery, and umbilical cord blood was collected after delivery. The levels of triglyceride (TG), serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in maternal blood and umbilical cord blood were tested in the laboratory department of our hospital. The level of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in serum of umbilical veins was detected by the double-antibody sandwich ELISA. Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expressions of TLR4, LPL, and FAT/CD36 in the placenta. Results: The level of TG in maternal blood in the case group was remarkably higher than that in the control group, which was opposite to the level of HDL-C. In the umbilical cord blood of women with GDM, the expression of TLR4 increased and was closely correlated with neonatal weight. In the placenta of women with GDM, the expressions of FAT/CD36 and TLR4 increased, and both of them were closely correlated with neonatal weight. Besides, TLR4 in umbilical cord blood increased and was closely correlated with neonatal weight. Although the expression of LPL in the placenta decreased, it had no obvious correlation with neonatal weight. Conclusions: TG in maternal blood, TLR4 in the placenta and umbilical cord blood, and FAT/CD36 in the placenta were positively correlated with neonatal weight. However, HDL-C in maternal blood was negatively correlated with neonatal weight. Although the expression of LPL in the placenta reduced due to GDM, it had no correlation with neonatal weight.

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APPLICATION OF PIXE TO DETERMINATION OF ELEMENTS IN THE PLACENTA, MATERNAL BLOOD AND CORD BLOOD

International Journal of PIXE ◽

10.1142/s0129083597000242 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 07 (03n04) ◽

pp. 211-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yoshito Watanabe ◽

Yoshie Takubo ◽

Masae Yukawa ◽

Yoshikazu Nishimura ◽

Hitoshi Imaseki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cord Blood ◽

Maternal Blood ◽

Pixe Analysis ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Mean Values ◽

The Mean ◽

Standard Deviations ◽

Homogenize Sample ◽

Cu And Zn

PIXE technique was applied to the measurement of elements in the placenta, maternal blood and cord blood of human. The elements determined in these samples include Cl , K , Ca , Fe , Cu and Zn . The values obtained by PIXE were compared with those by ICP-AES to test the accuracy of the method. In placental samples, the mean values of K , Fe , Cu and Zn concentrations obtained by the two methods agree, while Ca concentration is lower in PIXE analysis. The values from PIXE, however, show larger variations resulting from inhomogeneity of the placental samples composed of various tissues different in histological functions. In the analysis of blood samples, the results of the two methods agree for Cl , K , Ca , Fe , Cu and Zn , although the standard deviations tend to be larger in PIXE. These results indicate that PIXE is a useful method for the determination of elements in placental and blood samples, although the preparation to homogenize sample is necessary to obtain accurate results.

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Human Epididymis Protein 4 Levels in Neonates with Respiratory Disorder

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/1509379 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Piotr Surmiak ◽

Martyna Szymkowiak ◽

Małgorzata Baumert

Keyword(s):

Early Diagnosis ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Umbilical Cord ◽

Umbilical Cord Blood ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Respiratory Disorder ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Human Epididymis Protein 4 ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Human Epididymis

Introduction. Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is one of the most common causes of respiratory distress in the full-term neonates. The diagnosis of TTN in early postnatal period remains problematic for clinicians, and unfortunately, there exist no reliable diagnostic tests for TTN. The elevated human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) levels were observed in the cases of severe bronchitis, pneumonia, and inflammatory processes. However, little is known about the fluctuation of this biomarker concentrations in respiratory disorders in neonatal period. The authors investigated the HE4 levels found in the umbilical cord blood and venous blood samples of the newborns with respiratory disorder (TTN) and blood samples of their mothers. Materials and Methods. The investigated neonates were divided into two groups: 23 neonates with the respiratory insufficiency (transient tachypnea of the newborn, TTN) as the study group and 28 newborns of healthy mothers constituted the control group (CG). The C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) as well as HE4 levels were determined in umbilical cord blood and venous blood for all the examined neonates and their mothers. Results. There were no differences found in the HE4 levels determined for the mothers’ blood samples and umbilical cord blood samples in all investigated groups. In comparison with healthy children, the elevated HE4 levels were observed in neonates with TTN. Significant positive correlation between HE4 and CRP as well as PCT levels was observed in all investigated neonates. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated the cut-off value for the serum HE4 in the researched neonates at the level of 318.5 pmol/L, yielding the sensitivity of 73.9% and specificity of 66.7% for the early diagnosis of TTN. Conclusions. Serum HE4 could be considered as a candidate biomarker for the early diagnosis of pulmonary dysfunction in the newborns.

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