CAPACITY OF THYROXINE-BINDING GLOBULIN TO BIND TRIIODOTHYRONINE AND THYROXINE IN MATERNAL AND CORD BLOOD

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-375
Author(s):  
William M. Michener ◽  
W. Newlon Tauxe ◽  
Alvin B. Hayles
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Thyroxine Binding Globulin

Normal values for the measurement of thyroidal function using the erythrocytic uptake of I131-labeled triiodothyronine and the thyroxine-binding capacity of the inter-alpha globulin were established. Paired maternal and cord blood samples collected at the time of delivery were studied with these methods. The erythrocytic uptake of labeled hormone was increased in cord blood as compared to maternal blood. Cord blood apparently binds exogenous triiodothyronine in a different manner than it does exogenous thyroxine. Whether this is a qualitative or quantitative difference was not shown in this study.

scholarly journals Formate concentrations in maternal plasma during pregnancy and in cord blood in a cohort of pregnant Canadian women: relations to genetic polymorphisms and plasma metabolites

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 1131-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T Brosnan ◽  
Lesley Plumptre ◽  
Margaret E Brosnan ◽  
Theerawat Pongnopparat ◽  
Shannon P Masih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
One Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Thymidylate Synthesis

ABSTRACT Background One-carbon metabolism, responsible for purine and thymidylate synthesis and transmethylation reactions, plays a critical role in embryonic and fetal development. Formate is a key player in one-carbon metabolism. In contrast to other one-carbon metabolites, it is not linked to tetrahydrofolate, is present in plasma at appreciable concentrations, and may therefore be distributed to different tissues. Objective The study was designed to determine the concentration of formate in cord blood in comparison with maternal blood taken earlier in pregnancy and at delivery and to relate formate concentrations to potential precursors and key fetal genotypes. Methods Formate and amino acids were measured in plasma during early pregnancy (12–16 wk), at delivery (37–42 wk), and in cord blood samples from 215 mothers, of a prospective cohort study. Three fetal genetic variants in one-carbon metabolism were assessed for their association with cord plasma concentrations of formate. Results The formate concentration was ∼60% higher in the cord blood samples than in mothers’ plasma. The maternal formate concentrations did not differ between the early pregnancy samples and those taken at delivery. Plasma concentrations of 4 formate precursors (serine, glycine, tryptophan, and methionine) were increased in cord blood compared with the maternal samples. Cord blood formate was influenced by fetal genotype, being ∼12% higher in infants harboring the MTHFR A1298C (rs1801131) AC or CC genotypes and 10% lower in infants harboring the MTHFD1 G1958A (rs2236225) GA or AA genotypes. Conclusions The increased formate concentrations in cord blood may support the increased activity of one-carbon metabolism in infants. As such, it would support increased rates of purine and thymidylate synthesis and the provision of methionine for methylation reactions.

Total creatine kinase (CK) and CK-B activity in maternal blood and cord-blood samples after vaginal and cesarean births.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1498-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Liras ◽  
V Diaz ◽  
C Alvarez ◽  
J Arenas ◽  
R Sanz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cesarean Births ◽  
Total Creatine

Abstract We studied variations in the activity of total creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) and of CK-B in maternal and cord-blood samples, comparing data obtained for vaginal and cesarean births. CK-B activity was determined with an immunoinhibition assay. In all cases, there was a significant postpartum increase in total CK and in CK-B activity in maternal sera, whereas cord-blood samples showed no significant differences between activities in arterial and venous blood for either vaginal or cesarean births. Statistically significant differences were found in CK-B activity, but not in total CK, between cord-blood samples from vaginal births and those from cesareans.

scholarly journals Prevalence of transmissible viral disease in maternal blood samples of autologous umbilical cord blood in a private cord blood bank

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juthatip Fongsarun ◽  
Maneerat Ekkapongpisit ◽  
Mantana Paisan ◽  
Siripen Chanthachorn ◽  
Konstantinos I Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Blood Bank ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cord Blood Bank

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics of Prophylactic Cefazolin in Parturients Undergoing Cesarean Delivery

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 3504-3513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed H. Elkomy ◽  
Pervez Sultan ◽  
David R. Drover ◽  
Ekaterina Epshtein ◽  
Jeffery L. Galinkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cesarean Delivery ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Elective Cesarean ◽  
Neonatal Blood ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Maternal Administration

ABSTRACTThe objectives of this work were (i) to characterize the pharmacokinetics of cefazolin in pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean delivery and in their neonates; (ii) to assess cefazolin transplacental transmission; (iii) to evaluate the dosing and timing of preoperative, prophylactic administration of cefazolin to pregnant women; and (iv) to investigate the impact of maternal dosing on therapeutic duration and exposure in newborns. Twenty women received 1 g of cefazolin preoperatively. Plasma concentrations of total cefazolin were analyzed from maternal blood samples taken before, during, and after delivery; umbilical cord blood samples obtained at delivery; and neonatal blood samples collected 24 h after birth. The distribution volume of cefazolin was 9.44 liters/h. The values for pre- and postdelivery clearance were 7.18 and 4.12 liters/h, respectively. Computer simulations revealed that the probability of maintaining free cefazolin concentrations in plasma above 8 mg/liter during scheduled caesarean surgery was <50% in the cord blood when cefazolin was administered in doses of <2 g or when it was administered <1 h before delivery. Therapeutic concentrations of cefazolin persisted in neonates >5 h after birth. Cefazolin clearance increases during pregnancy, and larger doses are recommended for surgical prophylaxis in pregnant women to obtain the same antibacterial effect as in nonpregnant patients. Cefazolin has a longer half-life in neonates than in adults. Maternal administration of up to 2 g of cefazolin is effective and produces exposure within clinically approved limits in neonates.

APPLICATION OF PIXE TO DETERMINATION OF ELEMENTS IN THE PLACENTA, MATERNAL BLOOD AND CORD BLOOD

1997 ◽  
Vol 07 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshito Watanabe ◽  
Yoshie Takubo ◽  
Masae Yukawa ◽  
Yoshikazu Nishimura ◽  
Hitoshi Imaseki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Homogenize Sample ◽  
Cu And Zn

PIXE technique was applied to the measurement of elements in the placenta, maternal blood and cord blood of human. The elements determined in these samples include Cl , K , Ca , Fe , Cu and Zn . The values obtained by PIXE were compared with those by ICP-AES to test the accuracy of the method. In placental samples, the mean values of K , Fe , Cu and Zn concentrations obtained by the two methods agree, while Ca concentration is lower in PIXE analysis. The values from PIXE, however, show larger variations resulting from inhomogeneity of the placental samples composed of various tissues different in histological functions. In the analysis of blood samples, the results of the two methods agree for Cl , K , Ca , Fe , Cu and Zn , although the standard deviations tend to be larger in PIXE. These results indicate that PIXE is a useful method for the determination of elements in placental and blood samples, although the preparation to homogenize sample is necessary to obtain accurate results.

Better prediction of vertical HIV-1 transmission from maternal blood at delivery compared with cord blood samples

AIDS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 1600-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Zöllner ◽  
H-H. Feucht ◽  
U-M. Mattner ◽  
G. Helling-Giese ◽  
E-M. Baumgartner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Lymphocyte Subpopulation Number and Function in Infancy

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra A. Stern ◽  
Mary Jane Hicks ◽  
Fernando D. Martinez ◽  
Catharine J. Holberg ◽  
Anne L. Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Lymphocyte Subpopulation ◽  
Lymphocyte Subpopulations ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
And Function

Normal values for percentages of lymphocyte subpopulations and functional responses to mitogen stimulation in infancy are not well established. In the present study, lymphocyte subpopulations were examined in umbilical cord blood samples and in peripheral blood samples drawn before 7 and 24 months of age (mean age 10.4 months) from a healthy population of infants born in Tucson, Arizona. Results indicate significant increases occurred from birth to later infancy in the percentages of total T cells (CD3), T-cell subsets (CD4, CD8) and B cells (CD20). The CD4/CD8 ratio and the functional responses to ConA and PWM mitogens significantly decreased from birth to later infancy. PHA responsiveness did not show a significant change. Results from cross-sectional analyses (n=271) were supported in a smaller longitudinal subset (n=37). There were no detectable ethnic- or gender-related differences in cord blood or samples obtained in later infancy. The normal values established in this study will be useful in studies of immune-system maturation and in the clinical evaluation of newborns, infants, and toddlers suspected of either acquired or congenital immune-deficiency states.

scholarly journals Mother-Infant Transfer of Anti-Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Antibodies following Vaccination with the Quadrivalent HPV (Type 6/11/16/18) Virus-Like Particle Vaccine

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Matys ◽  
Sara Mallary ◽  
Oliver Bautista ◽  
Scott Vuocolo ◽  
Ricardo Manalastas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
International Study ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Vaccine Type

ABSTRACTThe exploratory immunogenicity objective of this analysis was to characterize the titer of vaccine human papillomavirus (HPV)-type immunoglobulins in both peripartum maternal blood and the cord blood of infants born to women who received blinded therapy. Data were derived from a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy study (protocol 019; NCT00090220). This study enrolled 3,819 women between the ages of 24 and 45 years from 38 international study sites between 18 June 2004 and 30 April 2005. Data in the current analysis are from subjects enrolled in Philippines and Thailand. For each of HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18, maternal anti-HPV was found in cord blood samples. Furthermore, HPV titers in cord blood samples were highly positively correlated with maternal HPV titers. Additionally, there were instances when anti-HPV antibodies were no longer detectable in maternal serum samples and yet were detected in matched cord blood samples. These results demonstrate that quadrivalent HPV (qHPV) vaccine-induced antibodies cross the placenta and could potentially provide some benefit against vaccine-type HPV infection and related diseases such as recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.

scholarly journals Comparison of Simultaneous Quantitative Analysis of Methylmercury and Inorganic Mercury in Cord Blood Using LC-ICP-MS and LC-CVAFS: The Pilot Study of the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Miyuki Iwai-Shimada ◽  
Yayoi Kobayashi ◽  
Tomohiko Isobe ◽  
Shoji F. Nakayama ◽  
Makiko Sekiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Inorganic Mercury ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
High Throughput Analysis ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Icp Ms

Prenatal exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) affects child development after birth. However, many epidemiological studies have evaluated total mercury levels without analyzing speciation. Biomonitoring of MeHg and inorganic mercury (IHg) is essential to reveal each exposure level. In this study, we compared a high-throughput analysis for mercury speciation in blood using liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS) and liquid chromatography-cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry (LC-CVAFS). The validated LC-ICP-MS method was applied to 101 maternal blood and 366 cord blood samples in the pilot study of the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS). The accuracy of the LC-CVAFS method ranged 90–115% determined by reference material analysis. To evaluate the reliability of 366 cord blood samples, fifty cord blood samples were randomly selected and analyzed using LC-CVAFS. The median (5th–95th percentile) concentrations of MeHg and IHg were 5.4 (1.9–15) and 0.33 (0.12–0.86) ng/mL, respectively, in maternal blood, and 6.3 (2.5–15) and 0.21 (0.08–0.49) ng/mL, respectively, in cord blood. Inter-laboratory comparison showed a relatively good agreement between LC-ICP-MS and LC-CVAFS. The median cord blood:maternal blood ratios of MeHg and IHg were 1.3 and 0.5, respectively. By analyzing speciation, we could focus on the health effects of each chemical form.

scholarly journals Prenatal Bisphenol a Exposure, DNA Methylation, and Low Birth Weight: A Pilot Study in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6144
Author(s):  
Yu-Fang Huang ◽  
Chia-Huang Chang ◽  
Pei-Jung Chen ◽  
I-Hsuan Lin ◽  
Yen-An Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
System Development ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Blood Samples

Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) may increase the risk of abnormal birth outcomes, and DNA methylation might mediate these adverse effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal BPA exposure on maternal and fetal DNA methylation levels and explore whether epigenetic changes are related to the associations between BPA and low birth weight. We collected urine and blood samples originating from 162 mother-infant pairs in a Taiwanese cohort study. We measured DNA methylation using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation 450 BeadChip in 34 maternal blood samples with high and low BPA levels based on the 75th percentile level (9.5 μg/g creatinine). Eighty-seven CpGs with the most differentially methylated probes possibly interacting with BPA exposure or birth weight were selected using two multiple regression models. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) was utilized to narrow down 18 candidate CpGs related to disease categories, including developmental disorders, skeletal and muscular disorders, skeletal and muscular system development, metabolic diseases, and lipid metabolism. We then validated these genes by pyrosequencing, and 8 CpGs met the primer design score requirements in 82 cord blood samples. The associations among low birth weight, BPA exposure, and DNA methylation were analyzed. Exposure to BPA was associated with low birth weight. Analysis of the epigenome-wide findings did not show significant associations between BPA and DNA methylation in cord blood of the 8 CpGs. However, the adjusted odds ratio for the dehydrogenase/reductase member 9 (DHRS9) gene, at the 2nd CG site, in the hypermethylated group was significantly associated with low birth weight. These results support a role of BPA, and possibly DHRS9 methylation, in fetal growth. However, additional studies with larger sample sizes are warranted.

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