P116 A PILOT STUDY ON ENERGY INTAKE AND TOTAL ENERGY EXPENDITURE, USING A MULTI SENSOR DEVICE, IN OESOPHAGEAL CANCER PATIENTS DURING THE ENTIRE COURSE OF MODERN MULTIMODALITY TREATMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Ericson ◽  
Lars Lundell ◽  
Magnus Nilsson ◽  
Mats Lindblad ◽  
Fredrik Klevebro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Oesophageal Cancer ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Neoadjuvant Treatment ◽  
Multimodality Treatment ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure

Abstract Aim The objective of the present pilot study was to address the feasibility and practical use of SenseWear Armband Mini® (SWA) as a possible valid method offering longitudinal, comprehensive and complete assessment of energy balance in oesophageal cancer patients submitted to modern multimodality therapy. Background and methods Assessment of malnutrition and its consequences are pivotal in the curative management of patients with oesophageal cancer. Twenty patients were recruited at diagnosis of oesophageal cancer, all amenable for curative treatment. The baseline measurement took place before start of neoadjuvant treatment and at three additional measurement periods: after the completion of neoadjuvant treatment, and at three and six months postoperatively. The patients carried the SWA for three consecutive days at each measurement period, allowing the measurement of free-living total energy expenditure (TEE) and physical activity level (PAL). Alongside, a three-day food diary was recorded, permitted the calculation of energy and protein intake. The body weigth was measured at all four occasions. Results Body weight steadily decreased during the preoperative phase. However, the greatest weight loss was observed during the first 3 months after surgery (mean=5.6 kg), where after it stabilised. The median energy intake of 1982 kcal (range: 910-3455) at baseline increased to 2210 kcal (range: 1718-3355, p=0.009) after the completion of the neoadjuvant treatment. At 3 months after oesophagectomy energy intake decreased to 1749 kcal (range: 1024-2707, p=0.101) and regained baseline levels first at 6 months postoperatively. The same trend was observed regarding protein intake. The TEE was 2262 kcal (range: 1595-3150) at baseline with no change after preoperative oncological treatment. A significant reduction in energy expenditure to 1975 kcal (range 1396-2336, p=0.005) was recorded at 3 months post oesophagectomy, which remained unchanged at six months after surgery. Conclusion There are significant obstacles in recording complete, comprehensive and repetitive data on energy balance during the entire course of modern multimodality treatment of oesophageal cancer patients. With the objective to achieve and maintain positive energy balance focus must be on the patients’ energy intake already at the time of diagnosis, throughout the neoadjuvant therapy phase but particularly during the first 3 postoperative months.

Assessment of energy intake and total energy expenditure in a series of patients who have undergone oesophagectomy following neoadjuvant treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Jessica Ericson ◽  
Lars Lundell ◽  
Mats Lindblad ◽  
Fredrik Klevebro ◽  
Magnus Nilsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Neoadjuvant Treatment ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure

scholarly journals Long-term oral refeeding of patients with cirrhosis of the liver

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Nielsen ◽  
Jens Kondrup ◽  
Lars Martinsen ◽  
Henrik Døssing ◽  
Benny Larsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Protein Balance ◽  
Protein Retention ◽  
Duplicate Portion

A previous study has shown that malnourished, clinically stable patients with liver cirrhosis are in protein and energy balance at their spontaneous dietary intake and that an improvement in nutritional status cannot be anticipated at this intake (Nielsen et al. 1993). In the present study we examined to what extent oral intake could be increased by nutritional support, and to what extent dietary protein would be retained with increased intake. The techniques used for balance studies were also validated since this information is not available for patients with liver cirrhosis. Fifteen malnourished patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis were given increasing amounts of a balanced ordinary diet for 38 (SE 3) d. Intakes of protein and energy were recorded by weighing servings and leftovers on food trays. Protein intake was calculated from food tables. Total N disposal was calculated after measurement of urinary N excretion, and protein balance was calculated from the N balance. A validation study of protein balance in a subgroup of patients (analysis of N in food by the duplicate portion technique, correction for incomplete recovery of urine by measurement of urinary para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) after administration of PABA tablets, and measurement of faecal N) did not change protein balance values. Protein intake increased from 1. 0 (SE 0.1) g/kg per d to 1·8 (SE 0·1)g/kg per d. With increasing protein intake, 84 (SE 8)% of the increase in intake was retained. The rate of protein retention was not saturated at the intakes obtained in this study. Protein intolerance was only encountered in one patient. Available evidence indicates that the requirement for achieving N balance is increased in these patients but protein retention is highly efficient with increased intake. Protein retention is dependent on energy balance. Energy intake was calculated from food tables and total energy expenditure was calculated by the factorial method. A validation study was performed in a subgroup of patients. The energy contents of food sampled by the duplicate portion technique, and of urine and faeces were measured by bomb calorimetry. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured by indirect calorimetry before and at the end of the study, and O2 uptake during bicycle exercise was measured before and at the end of the study. The measured intake of metabolizable energy was on average 13% lower than the value given in food tables. Calculated energy expenditure was not changed by the validation study. Mean energy intake was 163 (SE 10) kJ/kg per d and mean energy expenditure was 134 (SE 5) kJ/kg per d (P = 0·007), indicating that the protein retention described occurred at a positive energy balance. It is concluded that a substantial retention of dietary protein can be obtained by oral nutrition support over a prolonged period of time in patients with liver cirrhosis. Requirements of protein for maintenance and repletion in these patients are discussed.

scholarly journals Physical activity and energy balance

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (3a) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen A. Van Baak
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Resting Energy

AbstractEnergy expenditure rises above resting energy expenditure when physical activity is performed. The activity-induced energy expenditure varies with the muscle mass involved and the intensity at which the activity is performed: it ranges between 2 and 18 METs approximately. Differences in duration, frequency and intensity of physical activities may create considerable variations in total energy expenditure. The Physical Activity Level (= total energy expenditure divided by resting energy expenditure) varies between 1.2 and 2.2–2.5 in healthy adults. Increases in activity-induced energy expenditure have been shown to result in increases in total energy expenditure, which are usually greater than the increase in activity-induced energy expenditure itself. No evidence for increased spontaneous physical activity, measured by diary, interview or accelerometer, was found. However, this does not exclude increased physical activity that can not be measured by these methods. Part of the difference may also be explained by the post-exercise elevation of metabolic rate.If changes in the level of physical activity affect energy balance, this should result in changes in body mass or body composition. Modest decreases of body mass and fat mass are found in response to increases in physical activity, induced by exercise training, which are usually smaller than predicted from the increase in energy expenditure. This indicates that the training-induced increase in total energy expenditure is at least partly compensated for by an increase in energy intake. There is some evidence that the coupling between energy expenditure and energy intake is less at low levels of physical activity. Increasing the level of physical activity for weight loss may therefore be most effective in the most sedentary individuals.

scholarly journals Food and Macronutrient Intake of Elite Kenyan Distance Runners

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.O. Onywera ◽  
F.K. Kiplamai ◽  
P.J. Tuitoek ◽  
M.K. Boit ◽  
Y.P. Pitsiladis
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Intense Training

The food and macronutrient intake of elite Kenyan runners was compared to recommendations for endurance athletes. Estimated energy intake (EI: 2987 ± 293 kcal; mean ± standard deviation) was lower than energy expenditure (EE: 3605 ± 119 kcal; P < 0.001) and body mass (BM: 58.9 ± 2.7 kg vs. 58.3 ± 2.6 kg; P < 0.001) was reduced over the 7-d intense training period. Diet was high in carbohydrate (76.5%, 10.4 g/kg BM per day) and low in fat (13.4%). Protein intake (10.1%; 1.3 g/kg BM per day) matched recommendations for protein intake. Fluid intake was modest and mainly in the form of water (1113 ± 269 mL; 0.34 ± 0.16 mL/kcal) and tea (1243 ± 348 mL). Although the diet met most recommendations for endurance athletes for macronutrient intake, it remains to be determined if modifying energy balance and fluid intake will enhance the performance of elite Kenyan runners.

scholarly journals The EnergyKids project: pilot study on the energy balance of primary school children during school days and summer camp days

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Rosi ◽  
Cinzia Franchini ◽  
Francesca Scazzina
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Summer Camp ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
The Mean

AbstractSpecific nutritional requirements should be cover during childhood to ensure proper growth. The daily energy need is defined as the number of calories necessary to satisfy the total energy expenditure in a healthy and active organism. Since children are more inclined to be physically active during summer, their energy expenditure may vary during school days respect to summer days and a proper energy intake should be planned during both periods.The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the energy balance during school days and summer camp days in primary school children living in the city of Parma (Italy), attending the Giocampus programme.Participants were asked to complete a 3-day weighed food diary and to wear an activity tracker for the same 3 consecutive days twice: within a school week and a summer camp week. Height and body weight were measured at the beginning of each assessment week and BMI was calculated to define the weight status through the IOTF gender- and age-related cut-offs for children BMI. The mean energy balance was estimated as the difference between the mean total energy expenditure (calculated multiplying the daily physical activity level by the basal metabolic rate from the Schofield's predictive equation) and the mean daily energy intakes (obtained through the Italian food database of the European Institute of Oncology).Fifty-five children (49% F, 51% M, 8–10 y) correctly completed the study. In both periods, the mean BMI corresponded to normal weight status, without significant differences between genders. Energy intake did not change significantly between the assessment periods or between sexes. As expected, the minutes of inactivity decreased during the summer camp period. Moreover, males were more active than females, but the increase in the total energy expenditure from school to summer camp, related to the increased physical activity, was significant in both sexes. Energy balance was negative in both assessment periods and it changed significantly from school to summer camp days, decreasing in both sexes but being more negative for boys than for girls.Our results underline the importance of providing children with meals nutritionally adequate and suggest that the energy content of children's meals should be increased during particular conditions, like a summer camp, and continuously monitored to assure an adequate energy intake to cover the energy requirements during both school and summer camp days.

scholarly journals The effect of breakfast on appetite regulation, energy balance and exercise performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Clayton ◽  
Lewis J. James
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Energy Balance ◽  
The Impact

The belief that breakfast is the most important meal of day has been derived from cross-sectional studies that have associated breakfast consumption with a lower BMI. This suggests that breakfast omission either leads to an increase in energy intake or a reduction in energy expenditure over the remainder of the day, resulting in a state of positive energy balance. However, observational studies do not imply causality. A number of intervention studies have been conducted, enabling more precise determination of breakfast manipulation on indices of energy balance. This review will examine the results from these studies in adults, attempting to identify causal links between breakfast and energy balance, as well as determining whether consumption of breakfast influences exercise performance. Despite the associations in the literature, intervention studies have generally found a reduction in total daily energy intake when breakfast is omitted from the daily meal pattern. Moreover, whilst consumption of breakfast supresses appetite during the morning, this effect appears to be transient as the first meal consumed after breakfast seems to offset appetite to a similar extent, independent of breakfast. Whether breakfast affects energy expenditure is less clear. Whilst breakfast does not seem to affect basal metabolism, breakfast omission may reduce free-living physical activity and endurance exercise performance throughout the day. In conclusion, the available research suggests breakfast omission may influence energy expenditure more strongly than energy intake. Longer term intervention studies are required to confirm this relationship, and determine the impact of these variables on weight management.

Energy Balance and Energy Availability During a Selection Course for Belgian Paratroopers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Mullie ◽  
Pieter Maes ◽  
Laurens van Veelen ◽  
Damien Van Tiggelen ◽  
Peter Clarys
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Rest Metabolic Rate ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Availability

ABSTRACT Introduction Adequate energy supply is a prerequisite for optimal performances and recovery. The aims of the present study were to estimate energy balance and energy availability during a selection course for Belgian paratroopers. Methods Energy expenditure by physical activity was measured with accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+, ActiGraph LLC, Pensacola, FL, USA) and rest metabolic rate in Cal.d−1 with Tinsley et al.’s equation based on fat-free mass = 25.9 × fat-free mass in kg + 284. Participants had only access to the French individual combat rations of 3,600 Cal.d−1, and body fat mass was measured with quadripolar impedance (Omron BF508, Omron, Osaka, Japan). Energy availability was calculated by the formula: ([energy intake in foods and beverages] − [energy expenditure physical activity])/kg FFM−1.d−1, with FFM = fat-free mass. Results Mean (SD) age of the 35 participants was 25.1 (4.18) years, and mean (SD) percentage fat mass was 12.0% (3.82). Mean (SD) total energy expenditure, i.e., the sum of rest metabolic rate, dietary-induced thermogenesis, and physical activity, was 5,262 Cal.d−1 (621.2), with percentile 25 at 4,791 Cal.d−1 and percentile 75 at 5,647 Cal.d−1, a difference of 856 Cal.d−1. Mean daily energy intake was 3,600 Cal.d−1, giving a negative energy balance of 1,662 (621.2) Cal.d−1. Mean energy availability was 9.3 Cal.kg FFM−1.d−1. Eleven of the 35 participants performed with a negative energy balance of 2,000 Cal.d−1, and only five participants out of 35 participants performed at a less than 1,000 Cal.d−1 negative energy balance level. Conclusions Energy intake is not optimal as indicated by the negative energy balance and the low energy availability, which means that the participants to this selection course had to perform in suboptimal conditions.

scholarly journals Total energy expenditure assessed by salivary doubly labelled water analysis and its relevance for short-term energy balance in humans

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Guidotti ◽  
Berthe M. A. A. A. Verstappen-Dumoulin ◽  
Henk G. Jansen ◽  
Anita T. Aerts-Bijma ◽  
André A. van Vliet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Water Analysis ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Term Energy

Energy Balance Coexists With Disproportionate Macronutrient Consumption Across Pretraining, During Training, and Posttraining Among Indian Junior Soccer Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keren Susan Cherian ◽  
Ashok Sainoji ◽  
Balakrishna Nagalla ◽  
Venkata Ramana Yagnambhatt
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
National Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Food Records ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose: To evaluate energy expenditure, energy intake, and nutrient adequacy of Indian junior soccer players. Method: Forty junior national-level soccer players (Under-12 and Under-16 age groups) were assessed for 3-day weighed food records and 3-day energy expenditure. Energy and nutrient intake was analyzed from food records, and energy expenditure was measured using a portable metabolic analyzer and activity records. Nutrient adequacy was determined by comparing intake with prevailing recommendations. Results: Players exhibited no significant difference between energy intake (boys = 3062 [340.9] and girls = 2243 [320.3] kcal·d−1) and expenditure (boys = 2875 [717.3] and girls = 2442 [350.3] kcal·d−1). Across age groups, the Under-12 boys showed positive energy balance as against energy deficits in Under-16. Girls showed energy deficits, although not significant. There were 58% of girls showing energy availability <30 kcal·kg−1 fat-free mass, of which 37% were Under-16 players. Carbohydrates contributed to >60% of energy expenditure among 95.2% boys and 73.7% girls. Among 52.4% boys and 47.4% girls, <25% of energy expenditure was contributed by fat. More than 95% players consumed <1 g·kg−1 carbohydrates pretraining and 100% of them consumed >1.2 g·kg−1 carbohydrates posttraining. Conclusion: Junior soccer players consumed more than recommended carbohydrates in the diet, although not aligning with the pretraining, during training, and posttraining meal requirements. Considering the energy deficits observed among Under-16 players, a suitable dietary modification is warranted.

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