Information Operations Increase Civilian Security Cooperation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Sonin ◽  
Austin L Wright
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Model ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Operation Enduring Freedom ◽  
Security Cooperation ◽  
Information Campaign ◽  
Aid Allocation ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Military Aid ◽  
Information Operations ◽  
Modern Warfare

Abstract Information operations are considered a central element of modern warfare and counterinsurgency, yet there remains little systematic evidence of their effectiveness. Using a geographic quasi-experiment conducted during Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, we demonstrate that civilians exposed to the government’s information campaign resulted in more civilian security cooperation, which in turn increased bomb neutralisations. These results are robust to a number of alternative model specifications that account for troop presence, patrol-based operations, and local military aid allocation. The paper demonstrates that information campaigns can lead to substantive attitudinal and behavioural changes in an adversarial environment and substantially improve battlefield outcomes.

The New ‘Multiplex’ Cold War in the Indo-Pacific

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-67
Author(s):  
Timothy Doyle ◽  
Dennis Rumley
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Security Cooperation ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Regional Strategies ◽  
Sphere Of Influence ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Regional Primacy ◽  
New Strategies

In this chapter we argue that one of the principal inhibitors of sustainable security and stability in the Indo-Pacific region is that the Cold War has yet to end. Strategic concepts and postures reflecting containment, ‘constrainment’, sphere of influence, expansionism, and territorial competition still inhabit the rhetoric not just of the regional security environment. Regional strategies can therefore be interpreted within the framework of Cold War ‘logic’, thus impeding regional security cooperation. The ‘old’ Cold War has thus been perpetuated, reinforced, and reinterpreted as a ‘new’ Cold War due to geopolitical competition over global and regional primacy. Even within this process of geopolitical competition, old geopolitical concepts such as ‘pivot’ and ‘Indo-Pacific’ have also been reinterpreted and reused to justify new strategies that ultimately continue to foster a new Cold War in the region. Indeed, the Indo-Pacific has returned as a central element of the new Cold War.

The United States’ Afghan Information and PSYOP Campaign and a Comparison to the Taliban’s Campaign

2018 ◽  
pp. 217-264
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Johnson ◽  
Matthew DuPee ◽  
Wali Shaaker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Strategic Communication ◽  
The United States ◽  
Operation Enduring Freedom ◽  
Information Campaign ◽  
Mental Space ◽  
Cultural Reality ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
The U.S

This is one of the more important chapters in that it explicitly compares the U.S. information campaign in Afghanistan to the Taliban’s campaign. The explicit stated goals and strategic communication themes of the U.S. Operation Enduring Freedom are assessed during two distinct time frames – 2001-2006 and 2007-2011. In assessing and comparing the U.S. information operation efforts versus the Taliban, a detailed analysis of different U.S. messaging techniques such as leaflets. As suggested above, these leaflets were assessed for early U.S. engagements to later in the conflict. Later U.S. IO efforts were examined using the U.S. PSYOP Book from 2009. The analyses concluded with the notion that the U.S. had to basically surrender to Taliban dominance in narratives and associated stories. The U.S. efforts basically refused to accept Afghan cultural reality, especially the Afghan peasant mental space. This had a devastating impact on U.S. and NATO rural counter-insurgency efforts. The U.S. had to concede a major portion of the Afghan battle space because the U.S. could not credibly respond to Taliban Islamic mores and troupes.

scholarly journals Evaluación de políticas para el aumento de cobertura escolar en el nivel bachillerato en Resumen Ecuador / Policies evaluation for the increase of school coverage on the baccalaureate level in Ecuador

Ciencia Unemi ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
José Flores Poveda ◽  
Diana Garcia Calle ◽  
Christian Washburn Herrera ◽  
Jazmín Sánchez Astudillo ◽  
David Pincay Sancán
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Returns To Education ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Information Campaign ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Effective Cost ◽  
Two Alternatives

El presente trabajo contribuye a proporcionar evidencia útil, para lograr un aumento de la cobertura escolar en el ciclo bachillerato (Educación media) de Ecuador. La propuesta se basa en un análisis costo efectividad de dos alternativas: Campañas de Información sobre los retornos a la educación y Transferencias Condicionadas en efectivo. Ambas políticas tendrían un impacto positivo sobre la asistencia escolar en el ciclo bachillerato. Este estudio permite inferir que en el caso ecuatoriano, y bajo distintos escenarios establecidos, la alternativa Campañas de Información resulta ser más costo efectiva que la alternativa de Transferencias Condicionadas en efectivo. Los resultados indican que el costo por año adicional de escolaridad para el caso de las Campañas de Información representa el 22% y 24% del costo resultante de las alternativas de Transferencias condicionadas con focalización y Transferencia universal, respectivamente. ABSTRACTThis work helps to provide useful evidence to obtain an increase of the school coverage during baccalaureate cycle (middle education) from Ecuador. The proposal is based on an effectiveness-cost analysis from two alternatives: Information campaigns about returns to education and Conditioned Transferences in cash. Both policies would have a positive impact on the scholar existence in the baccalaureate cycle. This study let infer that in Ecuadorian case, and on different established stages, the Information Campaign alternative is more effective-cost than the alternative based on Conditioned Transferences in cash. Results show that the additional annual cost of scholarity for the case of Information Campaigns represents the 22% and 24% of the resulting cost from the Conditioned Transferences with focusing and universal transference respectively.

scholarly journals Aware Migrants: The role of information campaigns in the management of migration

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierluigi Musarò
Keyword(s):  
Specific Information ◽  
Information Campaign ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Italian Government ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Role Of Information

Taking as a starting point studies on the biopolitics of bordering, as well as media studies, this article explores how information campaigns deter potential migrants and refugees from leaving their countries depict them in very specific ways, operating as ‘new bordering practices’ that are in conjunction with extraterritorial border policies. This article probes this question through the example of a specific information campaign – Aware Migrants (2016) – funded by the Italian Government and managed by International Organization for Migration (IOM) to dissuade potential newcomers from attempting the journey across the Mediterranean Sea. As the analysis of Aware Migrants makes clear, it contributes to normalizing a transnational imaginary into a militarized borderscape comprising places of violence and death, exploitation and detention, which is part of the complex dichotomies of care and control, proper of contemporary border regimes. Finally, the article sheds light on how these symbolic bordering practices contribute to nurturing a ‘compassionate repression’ that increasingly and silently legitimizes the difference between the ‘us’ (the figure of the citizen) and the ‘them’ (the figure of the foreigner).

scholarly journals CONTENT-ANALYTICAL STUDIES IN ENHANCING MEDIA LITERACY UNDER THE HYBRID WARFARE CONDITIONS

InterConf ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
Tetiana Fisenko
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Analysis ◽  
Media Literacy ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Hybrid Warfare ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Social Tension ◽  
Analytical Studies ◽  
Information Operations ◽  
Media Professionals

Information technologies in hybrid warfare are widely used not only by the aggressor country, but also by insider agents directly carrying out information campaigns in the information field of Ukraine, causing destabilizing policies. The paper deals with cases that demonstrate the algorithms of conductiong information campaigns in Ukraine, which lead to increased social tension in the society. The diagrams of dynamics mentioning keywords cases, examined in the analysis of information campaigns, generally coincide with the patterns schedules of information operations obtained through the method of mathematical wavelet analysis. An overview of planned information campaigns made it possible to define the basic principles of informational work to prevent the worsening crisis in the country as well as organize the work of media professionals of different specializations during the hybrid aggression.

The Evolution of Cyber Warfare in Information Operations Targeting Estonia, the U.S., and Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 140-177
Author(s):  
Kenneth James Boyte
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Cyber Warfare ◽  
Information Warfare ◽  
Information Operations ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Modern Warfare

This comparative international case study provides a context for considering the evolution of cyber technologies as elements of hybrid warfare, including information operations (IO), capable of killing people, as well as impacting political elections and physical infrastructure (such as power grids and satellite-based communications and weapons systems). Threatened by “autonomous battle networks,” the “Internet of Battle Things” has been considered a domain of modern warfare by the United States since 2011 and by NATO since 2016. Focusing on three historic cyberattacks against three modern democracies—Estonia in 2007, the United States in 2012, and Ukraine during the 2013-2015 conflict—the study shows how computer warfare, first reported in the 1990s, has become integral in warfare for both state and non-state actors—particularly for information warfare waged by proxies to create confusion and manipulate public opinion via satellites that can penetrate national boundaries and firewalls with armies of zombies and botnets.

Information and Preferences

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. Davis ◽  
Elena L. Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Demand Function ◽  
Demand Curve ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Information Campaign ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Economic Framework ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Role Of Information

Chapter 7 incorporates the role of information in a very general way into the economic framework developed in Chapters 3–6. The focus of the analysis is to determine how information may affect preferences and therefore influence the demand curve and demand function for foods. The chapter evaluates possible changes in food consumption induced by a change in an information campaign relative to a nutrient or food recommendation level. It shows how other factors may moderate or offset informational campaigns that are designed to improve healthy food choices. The chapter closes with some of the main empirical findings relating different information campaigns to food and nutrition choices.

scholarly journals ALGORITHM FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STRATEGY OF CONTROLLED SOCIAL IMPACTS IN THE INFORMATION SPACE

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Klymash ◽  
Najm Ahmad Baydoun ◽  
Ivan Demydov
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Information Space ◽  
Message Delivery ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Information Operations ◽  
Meta Information ◽  
Ict Tools ◽  
Postindustrial Era

For the implementation of all three levels of targeting of target audience for key message delivery complexes in e-government platforms, it is possible to use meta-information locking systems using DPI technologies. Algorithms and generalized strategies for managing social impact are developed by the authors of this publication. This paper briefly discusses the overall statement of the task of implementing a managed social impact strategy in the information space based on hybrid information communication platforms. A graphical and algorithmic description of information operations related to the targeted distribution of a given information content and to the collection of data on the reactionary changes in the preferences of particular groups of users in the relevant social information environments is presented. Classification of types of digital services user profiles in the information space has been made, which can be practically useful in the development of e-government systems based on modern ICT tools. A brief description of the profiling process for creating a target audience for the purpose of conducting these information operations on the basis of information communication platforms operating in an open internet space. The authors find it effective to move to hybrid cloud communications technologies to implement the processes discussed in the article. The need for the attention of the state to the issues raised in this work is undoubted, since the benefits of active interaction with society are not only the conduct of certain information campaigns, but its consequence is, in fact, the achievement of the pinnacle of the process of informatization of society in the postindustrial era, which directly contributes to the consolidation of a single monolithic nation.

The Opposition Advantage: Islamist Opposition Parties and Security Cooperation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Syed Rashid Munir
Keyword(s):  
Regime Change ◽  
Security Cooperation ◽  
Military Aid ◽  
Security Relations ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Opposition Parties

Abstract This paper highlights the impact of religious oppositions in Muslim-majority states towards security cooperation with the U.S. Such cooperation provides security but is risky as the U.S. can coerce its weaker allies and push for regime change. To protect against this possibility, this paper suggests that incumbents in recipient states strategically extend or limit cooperation based on the strength of Islamist opposition parties. Weaker Islamist oppositions pose a threat to incumbents in recipient states as the U.S. can coerce and replace them without fear of bringing anti-U.S. elements to power, which results in lower cooperation. In case of a stronger Islamist opposition, the regime's replacement cannot offer better policy concessions to the U.S.; hence, a strong Islamist opposition leads to more extensive cooperation. This mechanism is demonstrated through U.S. military aid acceptance in 40 Muslim-majority states during 2002–2015, and a comparison of U.S. security relations with Algeria and Tunisia.

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